提高罗氏沼虾单位水体出苗量试验

１９９１－１９９２年利用对虾育苗进行了提高罗氏沼虾单位水体出苗量试验。１５个试验池总水体７９．５ｍ＾３，共出虾苗４０４．２３万尾，平均５．０８万尾／ｍ＾３，最高６．３５万尾／＾３．１９９２年１２月专家鉴定认为，本成果达国内先进水平。     

刀额新对虾工厂化育苗技术

刀额新对虾是目前闽、粤、桂沿海新兴的养殖虾种。作者于１９９４年４月２１日－１０月２５日在广东省惠东县黄埠京洲育苗场进行了工厂化育苗试验，在１２１５ｍ＾３水体中培育出体长０．５－１．２ｃｍ的虾苗１０６６７万尾本文介绍了此项试验的全过程。     

河蟹人工育苗高产技术研究

研究了蓄水池及其处理、亲蟹暂养、布苗方法、幼体培育一整套河蟹育苗高产技术，在５７６ｍ＾３水体中大眼纪估３１２．５ｋｇ，单位水体出苗量５４０ｇ／ｍ＾３；蚤状本Ｚ１变大眼幼体平均或活率达到２８．６％，发现一种可疑病原菌。大眼纪体最适培育 １０万尾／ｍ＾３。     

罗氏沼虾工厂化育苗试验

利用对虾育苗场的设计进行罗氏沼虾工厂化育苗试验，于１３６ｍ＾３水体中投放状幼体１４３８万尾，育出商品仔虾９６４万尾，幼体培育成活率为６７％，平均每尾亲虾出苗４７２５尾，单位水体平均出苗量为７．０９万尾，最高为１０．２万尾／ｍ＾３。从４月上旬到５月下旬，罗氏沼虾雌性亲虾可抑卵三次以上，前后抱卵批次所孵出的幼体质量没有明显差异。试验还证明，幼体培育池内氨氮浓度高达１０５６．４μｇ／ｌ对成活率没有多大曩     

小水体,高密度箱养鱼试验报告

初步试验结果表明小水体网箱的饲料系数低于大网箱;当斑点叉尾Ｈｕｉ小体积网箱养殖密度低于２５０尾／ｍ＾３、单产低于１２２．８／ｍ＾３时,红罗非鱼密度低于３１４尾／ｍ＾３、单产低于１７４．３ｋｇ／ｍ＾３时,密度和单产对饲料系数可能影响不大。     

小水体高密度网箱养鱼试验

初步试验结果表明,小水体网箱的饲料系数低于大网箱;当斑点叉尾Ｈｕｉ小体积网箱养殖密度低于２５０尾／ｍ＾３、单产低于１２２．８ｋｇ／ｍ＾３,红罗非鱼密度低于３１４尾／ｍ＾３、单产低于１７４．３ｋｇ／ｍ＾３时,密度和单产对饲料系数可能影响不大。     

江河船体网箱养鱼初步研究

单船（船体网箱）饲养面积１２８．７ｍ＾２，平均水深１ｍ，泊于涪江合川江段；年初投放丰鲤鱼种５Ｔ，经９０－２５７天饲养，产出成鱼２７．７３Ｔ平均单产２１５．４４ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，获得３．２５７万元，试验表明，在放养密度３５－４０ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，水温≥１５℃，积温４３００度日条件下饲养２００天，入箱鱼种规格（Ｘ，Ｇ／尾）与出箱成鱼规格（Ｙ１，Ｇ／尾及单位水体成鱼净产量（Ｙ２，ｋｇ／ｍ＾３畅之间的关系为：Ｙ１     

微粒饲料在中国对虾育苗中的应用

利用微粒饲料和代用饲料进行对虾育苗对比试验。结果;投喂微粒饲料优势明显,虾苗各期变态率高,生长快,整齐健壮,平均１ｍ＾３水体出商品苗１５万尾以上。微粒饲料营养均衡,稳定性较好,对育苗水体污染较轻。     

淡水虾苗种高温期运输技术探讨

利用增设攀缘设施，进行帆布袋充气运输的方法，保持充气量４４．８Ｌ／ｍ３·分钟。①８月份，水温２７－２９℃，虾苗规格４３００－４５００尾／公斤，起运密度以７．２－７．８万尾／ｍ３为好，这种情况下，运输９，５小时，成活率为９４．９％；运输１７．０－２１．５小时，成活率８７．３％。②９月份，水温２５－２８℃，虾苗规格２０００－２４００尾／公斤，起运密度以４．３－４．４万尾／ｍ３为宜，这种情况下，运输９．０－１１．０小时，成活率为９２．６％；运输１８．０小时，成活率８６．７％。     

罗氏沼虾人工孵化育苗试验

采用自育自繁亲虾，用温泉水高温，人工育苗１８．５９万尾（０．８－１．０ｃｍ），最高育苗密度１０．３万尾／ｍ＾３，成活率８４．５％；外购亲虾用锅炉提温，人工育苗７．７９万尾（１．６５ｃｍ），育苗密度５．５３万尾／ｍ＾３，成活率６４．９８％，孵化育苗水温２６．０－３０．０℃、ＰＨ７－８．５、盐度１２－１４‰、溶氟４－６．５ｍｇ／ｌ，氨氮０．３－０．８ｍｇ／ｌ。本试验表明，罗氏沼虾人工孵化育苗，在辽宁地     

Evaluation of a spray-dried artificial diet for larval culture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis

Larvae of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man), and the striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), were fed artificial diets manufactured by a spray-drying process or live Artemia nauplii , separately or in various combinations. Spray-dried diets were neutrally buoyant, water stable (low protein leaching rate), and were satisfactorily consumed as verified by the observation of full guts after feeding. Survival and growth of larvae fed live Artemia nauplii was significantly greater than those of larvae fed spray-dried diets. Lowest survival and growth rates were observed when larvae were fed artificial diets exclusively from the onset of exogenous feeding. Survival rates were positively related to the duration of feeding live Artemia nauplii before weaning to artificial diets. The poor performance associated with spray-dried artificial diets may be the result of the digestive capabilities of the larvae of caridean shrimp and striped bass being insufficient to process compact, dense particles.     

Ration of 20:3 (n-9) to 20:5 (n-3) in Phospholipids as an Indicators of Dietary Essential Fatty Acid Sufficiency in Striped Bass,Morone saxarilis,and Palmetto Bass,M. saxatilis x M. chrysops

The effects of feeding different sources of brine shrimp nauplii with different fatty acid compositions on growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of striped bass, Morone saxarilis and palmetto bass (M. saxatilis x M. chrysops) were determined. The sources of brine shrimp were Chinese (CH), with a high percentage of 20:5(n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Colombian (COL), San Francisco Bay (SFB), and Great Salt Lake (GSL), with low percentages of EPA but high percentages of 18:3(n-3), linoienic acid. None of the brine shrimp sources contained a measurable amount of 22:6(n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After enrichment with menhaden oil to increase the content of EPA and DHA, the GSL brine shrimp nauplii were also fed to hybrid striped bass.Growth and survival of fish larvae fed brine shrimp nauplii with high percentages of EPA and DHA (CH and GSLE) were higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed brine shrimp with a low percentage of EPA (COL, SFB, and GSL). The ratio of 20:3(n-9) eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), to DHA in polar lipids (phospholipids) of fish, traditionally used as an indicator of essential fatty acid (EFA) sufficiency of the diet, was not a reliable indicator of essential fatty acid sufficiency of diets for larval striped bass and hybrid striped bass. However, the ratio of ETA to EPA appears to be an appropriate indicator. An ETA-to-EPA ratio in phospholipids of less than 0.10 is consistent with an EFA sufficient diet.     

Selective feeding in a generalist invertivore, age-0 striped bass

Abstract –  Age-0 striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) and potential benthic and epibenthic invertebrate prey were collected at three sites in the mid-estuarine region of the Hudson River, New York, USA. Diet was related to prey availability to investigate the role of selectivity in feeding behaviour. The effects of prey availability and selectivity on stomach fullness were also examined. Gammarid amphipods and chironomid larvae were most numerous as stomach contents; and chironomid larvae, polychaetes, and isopods were the most numerous invertebrates captured. When selective feeding occurred, gammarid amphipods, Crangon spp. shrimp, and chironomid larvae were most commonly the preferred prey. Selective feeding correlated with higher stomach fullness. Fullness was also higher when the preferred prey was categorized as epibenthic versus benthic. Interaction between prey availability and environmental conditions appears to be an important determinant of age-0 striped bass feeding behaviour.     

Pathogenicity of the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis disease in striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider)

Abstract. The pathogenicity of the agent causing viral nervous necrosis (VNN) of striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider), was examined in striped jack and other selected marine fish species. Fish were exposed to purified striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) (0·1–100 ng ml⁻¹) or homogenates of diseased striped jack larvae. Striped jack larvae (3·5 and 4·4 mm total length) were susceptible to the virus, but juveniles (78 mm) were not. The viral antigens were detected by indirect ELISA and the characteristic pathological changes, i.e. vacuolation in the retina and brain, were reproduced in the affected larvae. The infection was also established in healthy larvae by cohabitation with the diseased larvae. Larvae of red sea bream, Pagrus major Temminck & Schlegel, yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel, and goldstriped amberjack, Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, were not susceptible to SJNNV.     

Salinity and temperature effects on whole-animal thyroid hormone levels in larval and juvenile striped bass,Morone saxatilis

Whole-animal thyroxine (T₄) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T₃) levels were measured in larval and juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis, reared for 10 days at one of three levels of salinity (equivalent to fresh water (FW), one-third seawater (1/3 SW), and seawater (SW) and two temperatures (15°C and 20°C). The striped bass were pre-metamorphic larvae, metamorphic larvae or juveniles. The short-term effects of seawater on plasma T₄ levels of juvenile striped bass were also measured. Higher salinities increased T₄ levels in premetamorphic larvae. In metamorphic larvae, SW and 1/3 SW increased T₄ levels and SW increased T₃ levels at 20°C. This response was eliminated in those at 15°C. Whole-animal thyroid hormone content was unaffected by salinity or temperature in juvenile striped bass, although significant fluctuations in plasma T₄ levels occurred in those transferred to 1/3 SW and SW. The thyroid axis of striped bass responds to salinity and temperature as early as in the pre-metamorphic stage. Thyroid hormones may mediate the beneficial effects of salinity on larval striped bass growth and survival.     

Evaluation of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Enrichment of Artemia Nauplii as Food for Striped Bass Morone saxatilis Walbaum Larvae

Three enrichment techniques were evaluated for their efficiency in improving the dietary value of Artemia nauplii to striped bass larvae. Newly hatched Artemia nauplii from the Great Salt Lake (GSL) were enriched for 24 h using the following diets: 1) gelatin-acacia microcapsules containing menhaden oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), primarily 20:5ω3 eicosapen-taenoic acid; 2) an emulsion of Baker's yeast and menhaden oil; and 3) marine Chlorella sp. Unfed San Francisco Bay (SFB) and GSL nauplii were used as controls. Enriched GSL (all three diets) and unfed SFB nauplii had significantly higher ( P < 0.05) levels of 20:503 than the unfed nauplii from GSL. Seven days post-hatched (day 0) striped bass larvae were reared for 21 d on enriched or unfed nauplii. On day 21, wet weight and total length of striped bass larvae fed enriched GSL nauplii and unfed SFB nauplii were significantly greater ( P < 0.05) than those fed unenriched GSL nauplii. The enrichment of the GSL nauplii appeared to increase the eicosapentaenoic acid content and enhance the growth of the striped bass larvae.     

短鳃伪稚虫的习性、分布及其在对虾养殖中的应用研究

报告了对虾养殖池中可以作为对虾优质饵料生物的一种小型底栖多毛类生物－短鳃伪稚虫及其幼体的生物学习性，内容包括春，夏期间丁字湾沿岸与牟平沿岸海幼体密度的季节变节，虾池中幼体密度的季节变化和昼夜变化，短锶伪推虫成体的生态习性以及引种繁殖的一般方法。     

Confirmation of the spawning area of the striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax, in the so-called core area of the eastern tropical Pacific off Mexico

We report the presence of striped marlin larvae in coastal waters of the mouth of the Gulf of California, collected during seven oceanographic cruises during 1990 to 1993. From 169 sampled stations, 30 produced a total of 68 larvae of 2.4–30.5 mm total length. Most of the larvae were about 3 mm, indicating a recent spawn. The sea surface temperature at the sampled stations ranged from 19.4°C to 32.0°C, but larvae were caught at stations with temperatures between 27.8°C and 31.5°C. These results clarify the existence of a spawning area of striped marlin in the eastern Pacific, located closer to the coast than previously believed, during several months of the year.     

刀额新对虾工厂化育苗技术

培育刀额新对虾无节幼体时以单细胞藻类作开口饵料,有利于提高成活率;糠虾期、仔虾期在低盐度（Ｓ１８．６６）中生长速度快于在高盐度中,且在逐级递降的淡化过程中,仔虾的成活率较高,这期间投喂轮虫,适合于糠虾、仔虾捕食,轮虫蚕食水中的有机碎屑,有利于水质的改善。     

对虾暴发性流行病病原对中国对虾幼体及仔虾的人工感染研究

用对虾暴发性流行病病原（ＨＨＮＢＶ）作为人工感染实验的毒种来源,对中国对虾幼体及仔虾进行了人工感染研究,结果表明ＨＨＮＢＶ通过水体浸浴不能感染健康的中国对虾卵,幼体及仔虾;但可通过投喂感染健康的中国对虾仔虾,使其发病死亡,死亡的进程随着体长的增加而缩短。