海水鱼仔稚鱼营养和饲料的研究进展(一)

文章分析了生物饵料存在的问题,综述了海水鱼仔稚鱼摄食习性、消化系统发育特征和消化酶变化规律,阐述了海水鱼仔稚鱼营养生理及对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、磷脂和维生素营养需求的研究现状,同时探讨了微粒饲料的类型、加工工艺与特性,展望了其发展前景,可为海水鱼仔稚鱼营养研究和微粒饲料的研发提供参考。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对海水仔稚鱼生长发育的影响及机理

多不饱和脂肪酸对鱼类特别是海水鱼类的正常繁殖、生长、发育都起着非常重要的作用,是其生命过程中不可缺少的营养因子,因而是培育和引进发展新渔业品种必须首先研究的重要课题之一。文章重点综述多不饱和脂肪酸对海水仔稚鱼生长发育的影响及其机理,以便掌握规律和调控机制,有效地应用多不饱和脂肪酸,提高海水仔稚鱼的成活率和促进健康生态养殖。     

卵生鱼类的内源性营养研究进展(一)

内源性营养物质的组分及比例是卵生鱼类早期发育(胚胎发育或胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼期发育)的物质基础,是影响卵生鱼类受精率、早期发育、孵化率与成活率的关键内因,并对随后混合性营养期及外源性营养期仔稚鱼的发育及成活起重要作用。文章就卵生鱼类鱼卵的组分、早期发育的蛋白质及氨基酸利用、脂肪及脂肪酸利用、碳水化合物的利用、维生素的利用、微量元素的动态、相关主要酶的变化及亲鱼营养状况对卵中内源性营养物质组分的影响等方面进行简要综述,系统全面地了解卵生鱼类早期发育过程中内源性营养物质组分及主要组分的代谢变动状况,为研究内源性营养调控提供新思路,同时为混合性营养期、外源性营养期及亲鱼期饲料配方研制提供理论依据。     

海水亲鱼和仔鱼必需脂肪酸的研究进展

n-3和n-6系列高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)是海水鱼类的必需脂肪酸.本文综述了必需脂肪酸的生理作用和HUFA对海水亲鱼的产卵性能与仔鱼的体色的影响.     

日本养鱼饲料的开发现状

鱼类的养殖业,最初解决的问题之一是投饵,随着养殖业的发展,现在饲料的开发成为当今研究的重要任务。合成饲料的主要特点:根据各种鱼类种苗需求的营养来确定,如稚鱼的饲料对仔、稚鱼的营养要求量应当充分满足,为提高仔、稚鱼的消化能力,对饲料的要求,应易于消化吸收,适于摄取,并且在水体中不易分散的优质好嗜性饲料为佳。在人工合成饲料选择的     

鱼类小肠对肽和氨基酸的吸收代谢(二)

<正>(上接2015年6期《新饲料》第31页)2鱼类小肠对游离氨基酸的吸收研究一般来说,理想的氨基酸组成能够满足机体生长和代谢的最低需要,尤其对于海水鱼仔稚鱼来说,机体代谢强度很大,因此对食物中氨基酸的组成和含量提出了很高的要求。尽管很多研究结果已经显示,可以用配合饲料作为仔鱼的饵料[43],但是目前仔鱼培养仍然脱离不了活饵料,仔稚鱼配合饲料中存在诸多不确定的     

虹鳟人工繁育研究综述

虹鳟属名贵肉食性鱼类,是制作"三文鱼"的理想食材,被誉为"水中人参"。为了提高虹鳟人工繁育技术,本文综述了虹鳟亲鱼培育、鱼苗孵化、仔稚鱼培育及疾病防治技术等,为虹鳟人工养殖业的发展提供参考。     

鱼类仔稚鱼营养需求研究进展

文章对仔稚鱼从内源性营养向外源性营养转变阶段死亡的原因、仔稚鱼对氨基酸和脂肪酸的需求研究及消化系统的研究进行了综述,以期解决在育苗过程中早期仔稚鱼死亡的难题,有利于提高育成率及推广鱼类的工厂化养殖目标。     

肉食性仔稚鱼的营养需要与饲料开发的研究进展

仔稚鱼时期是鱼类生长发育的重要阶段，均衡全面的营养供应是仔稚鱼生长的保证，也是培养优质成鱼的基础。文章从仔稚鱼的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸、维生素和矿物营养需要量及饲料开发现状等方面综述了近年来国内外的研究进展，为肉食性仔稚鱼的营养需要与饲料开发提供参考。     

海水养殖鱼类的营养研究和饲料生产的现状及未来的发展趋势

本文对目前世界海水养殖鱼类的主要养殖种类、产量、地区分布和食性组成等作了一个较为全面的介绍和分析.结合我国的实际情况,分析了我国海水鱼类养殖远远落后于淡水鱼类养殖的原因.并指出我国海水鱼类营养研究与饲料工业滞后是制约我国海水鱼类养殖发展的重要原因之一,比较使用人工配合饲料和鲜杂鱼饲料的优劣,分析了我国目前主要使用冰鲜下杂鱼饲料的危害及对我国海水鱼类养殖可持续发展的负面影响.分别介绍了我国主要海水养殖鱼类牙鲆、大鲮鲆、真鲷、七星鲈、尖吻鲈、红鼓鱼(美国红鱼)、石斑鱼、大黄鱼在世界的养殖概况和它们的营养需要研究进展情况.然后阐述了海水人工配合饲料配方设计的基本原理和设计生产绿色环保饲料的关键技术.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。