Bioremediation of organically enriched sediment deposited below fish farms with artificially mass-cultured colonies of a deposit-feeding polychaete <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capitella</Emphasis> sp. I

ABSTRACT:   For bioremediation of organically enriched sediment deposited below fish farms, the extremely high potential for population growth of a deposit-feeding polychaete, Capitella sp. I, in the organically enriched sediment, and the effect on decomposition of organic matter in the sediment, were examined. A mass-culturing technique was conducted for this species. Bioremediation experiments were conducted on the organically enriched sediment in a fish farm in Kusuura Bay, Japan in 2003–2006. Approximately 1.7 million individuals of the worms were placed on the sediment below one net pen in December 2003, 9.3 million individuals in November 2004, and 2.2 million individuals in November 2005. After the worms were spread on the sediment, they rapidly increased in number and reached the highest densities of approximately 134 000 inds/m² in February 2004, 527 000 inds/m² in March 2005 and 103 000 inds/m² in January 2006. In the process of rapid population growth, the decomposition of the organic matter of the sediment was enhanced markedly. Our results demonstrate that the promotion of population growth by spreading cultured colonies of Capitella can enhance the decomposition rate of organic matter markedly in organically enriched sediment below fish farms. This method is promising for minimization of the negative effects of fish farms.     

洞庭湖区两个鲫鱼群体的遗传多样性分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA技术,对洞庭湖区两个不同的鲫鱼群体(彭泽鲫养殖群体和野鲫群体)进行比较分析。在使用的30个随机引物中有26个引物的扩增效果良好,实验结果可见:彭泽鲫与野鲫群体间的遗传相似率为0.7505,彭泽鲫群体内的遗传相似率为0.9822,野鲫群体内的遗传相似率为0.7910。统计结果表明:彭泽鲫养殖群体与野鲫群体间的遗传差异较大,彭泽鲫养殖群体内的遗传多样性贫乏,而野鲫群体内的遗传多样性明显高于彭泽鲫的养殖群体,说明野鲫种群内的遗传变异度较大,遗传多态性丰富,存在较大的育种潜力。     

Habitat characteristics at bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake

Abstract –  Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ) primarily reproduce in spawning colonies. We assessed habitat characteristics at 15 bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake. Nesting sites were visually identified and angling was used to verify the species of nesting fish. Habitat characteristics were measured at each nesting site and compared with those measured at 75 randomly selected sites. In Lake Cochrane, mean water depth of spawning colonies was 1.0 m. Of the 13 habitat characteristics measured, four (substrate type, substrate firmness, vegetation density and dissolved oxygen levels) were significantly different ( P  ≤ 0.05) between nesting and random sites. Every bluegill nest site contained gravel substrate, despite the availability of muck, sand and rock. Substrate firmness was indexed at 0-cm penetration and vegetation density was low at all nesting sites. Additionally, bluegills selected nesting locations with relatively moderate dissolved oxygen levels. Lake Cochrane bluegill nest sites consisted of shallow, gravel areas with short, low-density, live submergent Chara vegetation.     

Behavioural plasticity and population connectivity: Contributors to the establishment of new pinniped breeding colonies

1. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that occur during range shift or (re-)colonization is of critical importance for species whose ranges are changing due to human-induced climate change or species such as New Zealand sea lions where their established colonies are significantly declining due to human impacts.
2. The mechanisms underlying colonization are poorly understood. Observations are required to determine the processes that change individual's behaviour associated with colonization, but such observations are rare.
3. Here, the establishment of a new breeding colony of New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri, as they recolonized mainland New Zealand, an area from which they had been absent for ~200 years was investigated.
4. There are differences in breeding location behaviour and population connectivity between established and establishing colonies of New Zealand sea lions. The recolonizing population is more dispersed with breeding locations that change annually and have more connections with other populations compared with established colonies and populations.
5. The establishment of a new colony and the greater numbers of resightings between colonies means that for species' management, considerably more public education, habitat management, and protection is needed to ensure the safe return of New Zealand sea lions back on to mainland New Zealand.

     

Four hundred years in the history of pinniped colonies around Mar del Plata,Argentina

1. Historical records show the area of Mar del Plata (38°05′ S/57°32′ W, Argentina) as inhabited by extensive seal colonies; the present study describes the evolution of their size and location from the 16th century to the present. 2. Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens Shaw 1800), South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis Zimmerman 1783) and southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Linnaeus 1758) colonies, which consisted of between 80 000 and 165 000 animals, were subject to no commercial harvest, and only small local catches were performed by transient aboriginal groups. 3. During the second half of the 19th century coastal zones were rapidly colonized by man and by the turn of the century, the pinniped rookeries finally disappeared. Such a dramatic decline was not only due to spatial competition with man, but also to the indirect effect of pinniped over-exploitation in other areas of the south-western Atlantic. 4. No seal colonies were recorded in Mar del Plata during the 20th century until the mid sixties, when small non-breeding groups of sea lions and fur seals established themselves in the area. 5. The seal rookeries' decline in Mar del Plata provides an interesting example of how human activity may severely affect the conservation of pinniped colonies, even with no direct action through massive catches. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evidence that superficial branchial colonies on the gills of Salmo salar L. are not Aeromonas salmonicida

Abstract. The indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IPT) was used to examine specific superficial colonies of organisms observed on the gills of salmonids. The evidence obtained suggested that the superficial colonies were not a form of Aeromonas salmonicida , the causative agent of furunculosis. Application of the IPT to bacterial smears and previously stained histological sections from a case of furunculosis, confirmed the sensitivity of the technique and suggested the presence of common antigens between A. salmonicida and members of the Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.     

灭菌和添加益生菌对沉积物菌落数和营养盐通量的影响

通过对养殖环境灭菌,可以降低作为对虾亲虾的饵料沙蚕携带病原弧菌的风险。本研究采用实验生态学方法,基于病原弧菌的生物学特征,探究不同温度灭菌处理(65℃处理30 min, 100℃处理30 min和121℃处理20 min)对沉积物的灭菌效果及加入益生菌制剂对沉积物理化指标的影响。结果表明,各温度处理组在灭菌后立即采样,灭菌效果良好:65℃-30 min、100℃-30 min和121℃-20 min处理组对沉积物中总菌落数量的灭菌率分别为57.5%、99.45%、99.99%,表明随着灭菌处理温度的升高,灭菌率逐渐提高,对病原弧菌的灭菌率均达到100%。对于沉积物的理化指标分析表明,随着取样时间增长,灭菌处理方式给沉积物–上覆水界面的氮磷扩散通量带来的影响逐渐减小,益生菌制剂的添加能够降低水体和沉积物中的NO₃^-浓度和PO₄^3-浓度,同一取样时间添加益生菌制剂处理组与未添加益生菌制剂处理组的NO₃^-扩散通量和PO₄^3-     

Changes in the photosynthetic activity of Microcystis colonies after gut passage through Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria (predominantly Microcystis spp.) after passage through the digestive tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was determined by CCD fluorescence imaging, using slow complementary area approach, during a 4‐day cultivation of fish faeces in algal ZBB medium. The cyanobacteria colonies exhibited a 92–95% reduction in of activity (P<0.001) after passage through Nile tilapia, whereas there was a significant (P<0.01) stimulation of photosynthetic activity after passage through the silver carp gut.     

基于傅立叶耳石形态分析法对几种家鱼仔稚鱼的种类判别分析

于室内养殖条件下研究了鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)胚后发育阶段矢耳石的形态发育,采用椭圆傅立叶分析法,基于矢耳石形态,比较了以孵化后日龄、耳石形态、发育期以及不同体长组为基础的判别方式上,对这3种家鱼苗的种类判别成功率。结果表明,总判别成功率均表现出了逐渐增加的趋势。孵化后4 d时,总判别率为79.79%;10 d时,总判别率始达90%以上,18 d时,总判别成功率稳定在100%。在尾椎上翘期以前的各发育期,总判别率均低于90%,而鳔二室期之后,总判别成功率达95%以上。据矢耳石形态,圆形和近圆形阶段总判别成功率较低,分别为61%和81%,在长椭圆形阶段后,总判别成功率达90%以上。而以体长为基础的判别成功率,初始总判别成功率便在90%以上。因此,若以判别率的高低为标准,则以不同体长组来鉴别鱼苗种类为最佳,而据耳石形态和发育期来鉴别鱼苗种类,则具有普遍的适用性。     

日粮添加酵母硒和茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼肝抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达的影响

酵母硒和茶多酚都是优质的天然抗氧化剂。酵母硒作为有机硒源,兼有抗氧化和免疫增强的双重功效。茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称,具有清除体内自由基、抗菌消炎和免疫调节等多种功效。为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚及其配伍对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)组织硒沉积量,肝中抗氧化酶活性及其基因m RNA表达的影响,本试验采用二因素三水平设计,在团头鲂幼鱼基础饲料中分别添加酵母硒(按硒计)3个水平(分别为0,0.25 mg/kg,0.50 mg/kg),茶多酚3个水平(分别为0,50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg),进行排列组合后得到9组日粮。选用体重为(1.75±0.01)g团头鲂1 350尾,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:1)日粮中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均能显著提高团头鲂幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),当日粮中硒缺乏时,两者互作效应显著(P0.05);而当硒适量或过量时,两者交互作用不显著(P0.05)。2)日粮中单独添加酵母硒能显著提高团头鲂肌肉和肝中硒含量(P0.01),而茶多酚对组织硒含量无显著影响(P0.05),两者对硒在肝中沉积的交互作用显著(P0.05)。3)酵母硒和茶多酚均能够通过诱导抗氧化酶基因表达来提高机体抗氧化酶性能,不同的是酵母硒主要上调Ma GPx1和Ma Cu/Zn-SOD基因m RNA表达,茶多酚主要上调Ma CAT基因。4)酵母硒和茶多酚具有协同抗氧化作用,两者配伍上调了Ma GPx1基因m RNA表达量(P0.05),对Ma Cu/Zn-SOD和Ma CAT基因表达有促进作用,结果两者配伍显著提高了肝总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)而显著降低肝丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。综合分析,建议当基础日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒和50 mg/kg茶多酚时,即在提高生长指标的同时较好的提高各抗氧化物酶的活性,降低肝中MDA的含量。     

凡纳滨对虾养殖塘叶绿素a与水质因子主成分多元线性回归分析

2010年5-9月期间,对上海市奉贤区两个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场22个养殖池塘水体叶绿素a(Chl.a)、水温(T)、pH、溶解氧(DO)、透明度、溶解性总固体(TDS)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、氮磷营养元素等15项水质因子进行测定。取107组测定数据,进行描述性统计,利用主成分多元线性回归分析来模拟水质因子与凡纳滨对虾养殖塘叶绿素a含量的关系。根据主成分分析特征值大于1的原则,获得4个累计贡献率达到77.56%的潜变量,进一步的多元线性回归分析显示,潜变量F1对于叶绿素具有最大的相关性,建立了描述水质因子潜变量与Chl.a含量间相关性的模型:C Chl.a=0.140+0.121·F1。研究表明,在各水质因子中,总磷(TP)与化学需氧量与Chl.a有极大的正相关:CChl.a=-0.052+0.005CODMn+0.188TP;且磷为塘内初级生产力的限制性因子。因此,有机物和磷含量是控制南美白对虾养殖池塘水体富营养化的关键因子。     

不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹生长和卵巢色素沉积的影响

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,鱼油和大豆油为脂肪源,配制蛋白质水平分别为35％、40％、45％和脂肪水平分别为7％、9％、11％的二因子三水平的实验饲料,并以鲜杂鱼饲料为对照,对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)(体质量36.5～42.9 g)进行为期20周的养殖实验,研究三疣梭子蟹对蛋白质、脂肪的需要量,以及对卵巢色素沉积的影响.养殖实验采用海区串笼吊养方式,每个吊笼放养1只雌蟹.实验共10个处理,每个处理18个蟹,3个重复.结果表明,不同蛋白质、脂肪水平饲料对三疣梭子蟹增重率(269.2％～404.90％)、饲料系数(2.01～2.55)、蛋白质效率(1.02％～1.29％)和肥满度(16.26％～23.97％)均有显著影响（P＜0.05）;增加饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平,可显著提高三疣梭子蟹生长,降低饲料系数（P＜0.05）.对照饲料组的三疣梭子蟹获得了最高的增重率(461.69％),但饲料系数也是最高(6.35),而且肥满度(21.15％)低于P40Lll组（蛋白质40％、脂肪11％组）.三疣梭子蟹水分、肌肉蛋白、脂肪、灰份和卵巢灰份不受饲料蛋白质、脂肪水平变化的影响(P＞0.05),但卵巢蛋白质、脂肪影响显著(P＜0.05),而且高蛋白饲料组的卵巢脂肪含量总是显著低于其他各组.在同一饲料蛋白质水平下,9％脂肪饲料组的三疣梭子蟹卵巢类胡萝卜素总量、虾青素含量和成色比色值都显著高于其他各饲料组（P＜0.05）.与对照饲料组比较,实验饲料组的三疣梭子蟹卵巢类胡萝卜素总量和虾青素含量呈显著优势.综合考虑生长、饲料系数和色素沉积,三疣梭子蟹饲料的适宜蛋白质水平和脂肪水平分别为40％～45％和9％.本研究旨在为制定三疣梭子蟹饲料配方和改善其品质提供理论依据.     

偏顶蛤胚胎和幼虫发育及温度对其浮游幼虫生长和发育的影响

在室内条件下,人工诱导偏顶蛤(Modiolus modiolus)产卵并在显微镜下对其胚胎和浮游期幼虫的形态进行连续观察和拍照,并采用实验生态学的方法,研究温度对其浮游期幼虫生长和发育的影响。结果显示,偏顶蛤亲贝人工催产时,以流水刺激4 h,阴干12 h为宜。偏顶蛤卵呈圆形或卵圆形,沉性卵,卵径为(82.6±3.2)μm,精子鞭毛型,全长约50μm。在水温19~21℃下,偏顶蛤受精卵发育至D形幼虫(壳长104.0μm±4.3μm)、匍匐幼虫(壳长255.8μm±15.0μm)和早期稚贝(壳长329.1μm±5.8μm)分别历时20.5 h、20 d和36 d。水温是影响偏顶蛤幼虫生长和发育的主要因素之一,幼虫适宜水温为15~20℃,15℃组幼虫畸形率显著低于20℃组,生长率20℃组最高达5.4μm/d;水温25℃和30℃下,幼虫畸形率均显著高于15℃组和20℃组,并分别在第6天和第4天全部死亡。相对于高温而言,偏顶蛤幼虫对低温的耐受能力更强。本文旨在为偏顶蛤繁殖生物学和苗种繁育技术提供基础资料。     

施氏鲟的性腺分化及养殖水温对其性腺分化的影响

利用组织学方法观察了养殖施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的起源、迁移和原始生殖腺的形成及分化。结果表明,施氏鲟PGC最早出现于1.5 dph(days post-hatching)的仔鱼中肾管(又称吴尔夫氏管)原基一侧的中胚层中。3~7 dph,PGCs数目增多,并聚集成细胞索,17~31 dph,PGCs沿肠系膜向肾管区下方迁移,并与生殖嵴细胞一起形成原始性腺;40～60 dph时成群的小细胞团由肾区向原始性腺迁移,原始性腺上皮细胞柱状;90~120 dph,原始性腺中出现生殖上皮和性细胞,脂肪细胞和血管增多。180 dph以后,施氏鲟幼鱼性腺在组织学水平上出现光滑型(精巢)和褶皱型(卵巢)2种性腺组织结构,标志施氏鲟幼鱼性腺在解剖学水平上已经分化。本实验结果表明,孵化后31～180 d为其性腺分化的关键期。将孵化后56 d的仔鱼分别在不同的水温(27℃±0.5℃、24℃±0.5℃、21℃±0.5℃、18℃±0.5℃和15℃±0.5℃)中培育至210 d,组织学观察其性腺的发育和分化,结果发现,温度可影响施氏鲟幼鱼性腺分化的时间,但不影响其性腺分化的方向。高温(24℃和27℃)可使施氏鲟幼鱼提前性腺分化,其中27℃组较对照组(21℃)提前50 d,24℃组提前30 d;低温(15℃组)则延长幼鱼性腺分化的时间。施氏鲟幼鱼的性别分化不属于温度依赖型。     

温度和盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼受精率和孵化率的联合影响

采用中心复合设计和响应曲面方法研究了温度(T,℃)和盐度(S)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼人工受精率(FR,％)和孵化率(HR,％)的综合影响.设定的温度范围为20～34,盐度范围为0～18.建立了温度、盐度与受精和孵化之间关系的定量模型,并通过分析明确了温度与盐度的最优组合.结果表明,吉富罗非鱼在温度与盐度较高或较低范围内受精率与孵化率都处于较低水平.温度和盐度的一次与二次效应对受精与孵化均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01).温度与盐度二者间协同效应不显著(P＞0.05).建立了吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的多项式方程,复相关系数分别达到了0.957 8和0.960 1 (P＜0.01),可以用于预测吉富罗非鱼的受精率和孵化率.利用统计优化技术明确,在温度27.14℃,盐度8.95时,罗非鱼最佳的受精率为80.8％,孵化率为77.63％.本研究旨在考察温度与盐度同时变化对吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的影响,探讨最佳温度－盐度组合以增加吉富罗非鱼苗种产量.     

南极磷虾脂肪酸组成及多不饱和脂肪酸质谱特征分析

以10％浓硫酸－甲醇溶液为甲酯化试剂,采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术分析南极磷虾(Euphausua superba)的脂肪酸组成.根据GC/MS标准质谱数据库检索,结合有机质谱学规律,对多不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的裂解规律和质谱特征进行分析归纳,建立了特征离子确定其碳数和双键数,α离子和ω）离子分别确定脂肪链羰基端和甲基端双键位置的方法.通过气相色谱/质谱分析,从南极磷虾中鉴定出27种脂肪酸,其中多不饱和脂肪酸13种,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)占总脂肪酸含量的40.64％,高于一般海洋鱼虾类,表明南极磷虾具有较高的营养价值和脂质开发潜力.本研究旨在为南极磷虾营养评价和南极磷虾油等产品的研制开发以及多不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的鉴定提供理论和参考依据.     

不同材料、形状和空隙的人工参礁对刺参诱集效果的试验研究

采用行为学方法,对体长2～7 cm、体质量2～30 g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在实验室水槽中自然光照下的行为特性进行观察,分别记录了刺参在水槽中无礁（对照组）和有礁区域的分布情况,并分析了不同形状、材料及距水槽底部不同空隙的人工参礁对刺参的诱集效果.实验观察发现,刺参在水槽中有明显的爬壁现...     

全基因组选择育种策略及在水产动物育种中的应用前景

全基因组选择的概念自2001年由Meuwissen等提出后便引起了动物育种工作者的广泛关注.目前,澳大利亚、新西兰、荷兰、美国的研究小组已经应用该方法进行了优质种牛的选择育种,并取得了很好的效果.此外在鸡和猪的选择育种中也有该方法的应用,但在水产动物选育中尚未见该方法使用的报道.本文对“全基因组选择育种”的概念和提出背景进行了归纳,对全基因组选择育种的优势进行了阐述,并详细介绍了其具体的策略,总结了目前全基因组育种所广泛采用的方法以及取得的成果,旨在为该方法在水产动物育种方面的应用研究提供科学参考.     

人工隐蔽物及投喂频率对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长和行为的影响

室内水槽实验条件下研究了许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)幼鱼(15.24 g±2.9 g)在不同光照条件下对3种人工遮蔽物的行为反应。在此基础上,通过7周的养殖实验研究了不同放养密度下(800 ind/m3,1 200 ind/m3,1 600 ind/m3),隐蔽物、投喂频率(1次/d、2次/d、3次/d、4次/d)对许氏平鲉幼鱼(0.50 g±0.02 g)生长、摄食和行为的影响。结果表明:1)实验采用的3种隐蔽物对许氏平鲉幼鱼均有明显的诱集作用,其中扇贝笼改造的隐蔽物S1诱集效果最好。2)遮光条件可以提高隐蔽物区域幼鱼的分布率,但与自然光处理组差异不显著(P0.05)。3)在实验设定的密度范围内,许氏平鲉幼鱼的终末体重、日增重率、特定生长率随密度的增大而升高。无隐蔽物条件下,低密度组的日增重率和特定生长率与中高密度组差异显著(P0.05),终末体重则显著低于高密度组(P0.05);隐蔽物的设置显著提高了中、低密度组许氏平鲉幼鱼的终末体重(P0.05),高密度组幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料转换率也有显著提高(P0.05)。4)放养密度和隐蔽物对于许氏平鲉幼鱼的生长离散影响显著(P0.05),随着放养密度的增大,幼鱼的体重变异系数呈逐渐增大趋势;相同放养密度下,放置隐蔽物的各组幼鱼生长离散均小于未放置组,其中低密度组间差异极显著(P0.01),中密度组间差异显著(P0.05)。5)3种放养密度下饱食投喂频率为1次/d处理组幼鱼的体重变异系数显著大于其他各组(P0.05),饱食投喂频率大于2次/d时,各处理组幼鱼生长离散无显著差异(P0.05)。研究结果表明,对于体重0.5~5.8 g的许氏平鲉幼鱼,当放养密度为1 200 ind/m3条件时,通过投放人工隐蔽物,选取2次/d的饱食投喂频率,可显著降低生长离散水平,并使幼鱼获得较好的生长。本研究旨在为许氏平鲉健康苗种培育及规模化生产提供科学指导和技术支撑。     

细鳞鲑早期发育过程中免疫器官发生

应用连续切片技术和显微观察法,对胚胎末期至仔鱼期的细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)免疫器官(头肾、胸腺及脾组织)早期发育进行了系统研究。研究表明,在实验水温为10.0～16.2℃时,细鳞鲑的免疫器官原基发生及其淋巴化的先后顺序均为胸腺、头肾和脾。仔鱼出膜前5 d胸腺原基形成,出膜前1 d胸腺即出现少量淋巴细胞,仔鱼19日龄后,结缔组织和毛细血管渗入胸腺实质而形成小梁,仔鱼35日龄左右,胸腺己经分化出模糊的内区和外区;仔鱼出膜前2 d,出现头肾原基,由未分化的造血干细胞组成,仔鱼3日龄后,头肾由肾小管构成,10日龄后,组织开始淋巴化,仔鱼35～45日龄,肾小管上皮细胞开始退化,头肾内出现血窦,并进一步淋巴化,50日龄后,肾小管退化完毕,头肾主要由淋巴组织和大量血窦构成;5日龄细鳞鲑仔鱼,脾原基出现,16日龄后,脾开始淋巴化,35～50日龄,脾内建立起发达的微血管系统以及血窦结构。细鳞鲑的免疫器官分化较早,其发育速度较其他淡水硬骨鱼类相对滞后,但组织淋巴化速度较快。本研究旨在揭示细鳞鲑早期死亡率高的根本原因,为实现细鳞鲑的规模化养殖提供科学基础。