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1.
以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为试验品种,研究沿海中度盐碱地不同种植密度和施氮量对蓖麻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,淄蓖5号在种植密度13 000株·hm-2、施氮量120 kg·hm-2条件下获得的产量最高,云蓖泰国202的适宜密度为16 000株·hm-2、施氮量为120 kg·hm-2。两个品种苗期蓖麻对氮的吸收速率均缓慢,吸收量较低,蕾期吸收速率和吸收量逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰。高产条件下,每生产100 kg的蓖麻籽淄蓖5号需氮9.93~10.33 kg,云蓖泰国202需氮8.25~10.12 kg。在苗期、蕾期、开花期、花果期和灌浆成熟期,淄蓖5号保持2%、15%、50%、15%和20%左右的氮吸收百分率比较有利于获得高产;云蓖泰国202淄蓖5号保持1%、10%、45%、12%和30%左右的氮吸收百分率比较有利于获得高产。 相似文献
2.
密度和施氮量对沿海滩涂中度盐碱地蓖麻磷素吸收的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为试验品种,研究沿海滩涂中度盐碱地不同种植密度和施氮量条件下蓖麻磷吸收的特点及与产量的关系。结果表明,蓖麻苗期磷吸收百分率和吸收速率很低,蕾期显著增加,开花期达到高峰,花果期和灌浆成熟期逐渐降低。与淄蓖5号相比,云蓖泰国202在苗期吸收百分率和吸收速率较低,蕾期差异不大,开花期明显增高,灌浆成熟期仍保持着较高的磷吸收量。淄蓖5号在种植密度13 000株&;#8226;hm-2、施氮量120 kg&;#8226;hm-2条件下产量最高,每生产100kg的蓖麻籽吸收磷1.23 kg。云蓖泰国202在种植密度16 000株&;#8226;hm-2,施氮量120 kg&;#8226;hm-2的条件下产量最高,每生产100 kg的蓖麻籽吸收磷1.10-1.13 kg。由于盐碱地土壤中的有效磷含量较低,在本试验条件下即使施用50 kg&;#8226;hm-2的P2O5仍不能满足蓖麻对磷的需要,要进一步提高蓖麻产量还需加大磷肥投入。 相似文献
3.
密度和施氮量对鲜食糯玉米产量的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The result of a split-plot experiment showed that unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter,fresh and dry ears reached highest on occasion of medium planting density with 82 500 plants/ha.Compared with the occasion of low density with 60 000 plants/ha,the respective yield was increased by 27.91%,0.59% and 16.57%;and with high density with 105 000 plants/ha,respectively by 2.60%,15.11% and 1.31%.Unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter reached highest on occasion of high density.The respective yield was increased by 1.57% on condition of low density and 22.84% on condition of medium density.With the increasing amount of nitrogen application,the unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter went up gradually and reached highest on occasion of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha.Meanwhile,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears all decreased after initial increasing but reached highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha.Among all treatment combinations,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears was higher or highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha while the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter was highest on condition of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha with medium density. 相似文献
4.
施氮量对冬小麦氮素利用和产量的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为给限量灌溉条件下冬小麦高产栽培中合理施氮提供依据,2008-2009年度分别在藁城市和清苑县以冀5265和科农199为材料,研究了限量灌溉条件下(小麦全生育期灌3水,每次灌水量75 mm)施氮量(0、120、180、240和300 kg·hm-2,分别用N0、N120、N180、N240和N300表示)对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥有利于增加小麦植株和籽粒的含氮量和氮素积累总量。随施氮量的增加,藁城点籽粒氮素积累量呈持续增加趋势,清苑点在N240处理下籽粒中氮素积累量达到最高后开始下降。两地试验中氮素干物质生产效率均随施氮量的增加而降低,藁城的氮素生产效率、回收效率及农艺效率呈先升高后降低的趋势,以N180的氮素生产效率最高,回收效率和农艺效率则以N240最高;穗数和穗粒数随施氮量的增加而增大,千粒重随施氮量的增加而降低,且各处理间差异显著;籽粒产量随施氮量增加呈递增趋势,但N240与N300之间差异不显著。清苑县的试验中,氮素干物质生产效率、籽粒生产效率、回收效率和农艺效率都随施氮量的增加而降低,且在部分处理之间差异显著;穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量均以N240的最高,千粒重则以N0的最高,再增加施氮量反而使产量及其构成因素有所降低。根据本研究结果,在河北平原限量灌溉条件下,小麦生产中施氮240 kg·hm-2可以获得较理想的籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。 相似文献
5.
施氮量对蓖麻花后干物质积累、产量和产量构成的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本试验研究了不同施氮量(0、150、 270和390 kg.hm-2)对淄蓖3号蓖麻群体干物质积累与分配、产量和产量构成的影响。结果表明,开花前蓖麻全株和各器官干物质积累速率均缓慢,开花后积累速率快速增加。施氮对各器官和整株干物质的积累有明显影响。施氮量为150 kg.hm-2的处理在开花期和灌浆期花序的干物重积累速率最高,比较有利于茎和叶片中储存的营养物质向花序等产量器官转运,促进果穗形成和籽粒灌浆,从而促进产量的提高。施氮量为270和390 kg.hm-2的处理在开花期和灌浆期茎和叶干物重积累速率过高,而花序的积累速率较低,不太利于茎和叶片中储存的营养物质向花序等产量器官运转,影响了产量的进一步提高。在本试验条件下,施氮量为150 kg.hm-2和270 kg.hm-2时,每株粒数显著增加,但施氮量增加到390 kg.hm-2时,与270 kg.hm-2处理相比,每株粒数有所下降。对于百粒重,施氮量为150 kg.hm-2处理的增重效果最好,270 kg.hm-2和390kg.hm-2处理虽然也能增加百粒重,但增加效果逐渐降低。从整体产量表现看,以施氮量为150 kg.hm-2处理的产量最高,达到6291.69 kg.hm-2,其次为270 kg.hm-2和390 kg.hm-2处理,分别达到6243.03kg.hm-2和5179.05kg.hm-2。 相似文献
6.
通过分析不同施氮量及移栽密度对水稻新品种绥粳13产量的影响,对水稻合理密植、合理施肥技术进行探讨。结果表明:当施氮量为116.5 kg/hm2、移栽密度为33万穴/hm2时,产量最高为8 935.0 kg/hm2,在此施氮量及移栽密度下种植该水稻品种较为理想。 相似文献
7.
密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为明确种植密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响,以冬小麦品种石麦18为材料,于2013-2014年度在河北省藁城市进行了密度(基本苗150万、225万、300万和375万·hm-2)和施氮量(180、240和300kg·hm-2)的二因素裂区试验。结果表明,小麦各生育时期群体总茎(穗)数随密度的增加而增加,但4种密度下都取得了较高的穗数。越冬前至开花期叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均随密度的增加而增加,但基本苗为150万和225万·hm-2时开花后LAI和干物质积累量都高于基本苗300万和375万·hm-2。各生育时期(除起身期外)不同施氮量之间总茎数差异不显著。干物质积累量随着施氮量增加呈增加趋势,高施氮量下开花后LAI衰减较慢。密度对产量及其构成因素的影响均显著,施氮量仅对千粒重和产量的影响显著;密度与施氮量对千粒重和产量有显著的交互效应。基本苗150万·hm-2、施氮量240~300kg·hm-2处理的小麦产量最高,分别为10 308.65和10 221.98kg·hm-2。因此,建议在低密度下适当增施氮肥。而从节本增效考虑,在高密度下应适当减少氮肥投入,以实现小麦的高产高效。 相似文献
8.
不同土壤肥力条件下施氮量对稻茬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为给江苏淮北麦区小麦高产栽培中氮素高效利用提供理论依据,以淮麦19和烟农19为材料,在高、中、低三种肥力土壤上研究了施氮量对小麦氮素吸收利用和产量的影响。结果表明,两个小麦品种各生育时期植株的吸氮量在各土壤肥力水平下均随施氮量的增加而提高,且与施氮量存在显著的线性正相关关系;氮肥利用率和产量随着施氮量的增加表现为先升后降的趋势,随土壤肥力的提高表现为上升趋势;氮素的吸收效率和氮肥的农学利用率在不同土壤肥力条件下均以不施氮处理最高。在高、中、低土壤肥力条件下,施氮量分别为202.5、270和337.5 kg·hm-2时,两个小麦品种氮肥利用率和籽粒产量均达到最高。 相似文献
9.
深松与施氮量对春玉米产量及氮素吸收利用率的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以郑单958为供试材料,采用裂区试验,设置深松模式为主区(CK:不深松;T1:隔行深松;T2:行行深松),施氮量为副区(N0:不施氮肥;N1:纯氮112.5 kg/hm2;N2:纯氮225 kg/hm2;N3:纯氮337.5 kg/hm2),研究不同栽培模式下春玉米产量形成特点和氮素吸收利用特征。试验结果表明,深松与施氮量对春玉米产量的影响均达到显著水平,行行深松和隔行深松产量分别较不深松高9.62%和8.81%;N2、N1和N3处理产量分别较不施氮肥提高65.32%、62.60%和49.09%,穗粒数和千粒重的提高是深松和合理的施氮量显著提高春玉米产量的原因。随着氮肥用量的增加,作物氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率呈降低趋势,隔行深松和行行深松的氮吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力均高于不深松,且隔行深松的氮吸收利用率更高。 相似文献
10.
施氮量对木薯氮素营养特性及产量形成的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用大田试验,研究了不同施氮水平下木薯氮素营养特性的变化及其对产量形成的影响。试验设置0、120、240、360 kg/hm24个氮水平,综合分析了各生育期木薯根、茎、叶等组织中的氮含量、氮素积累量、氮素吸收强度、氮素分配和干物质积累分配、产量品质以及经济效益等指标的变化。结果表明:施氮能显著增加木薯根、茎、叶等组织的氮含量和氮积累量,提高氮素吸收强度,并改变氮素养分的分配特性;此外,随着施氮量的增加,木薯块根干物质积累量、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量、经济效益等均显著提高。综上所述,最佳施氮量为240 kg/hm2,适宜的施入比例为:幼苗期∶茎秆分叉期∶块根形成期∶块根膨大早期∶块根膨大中期=1∶1.71∶1.33∶0.73∶0.57。 相似文献
11.
氮肥用量对油菜产量及氮素利用效率的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过大田试验研究了氮肥用量对油菜产量、养分含量、养分累积量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与不施氮相比,施氮肥75、150和225kg/hm2平均分别增产41.9%、70.3%和66.2%,籽粒含氮量分别提高9.1%、14.2%和13.1%,植株地上部氮素总累积量分别增加59.6%、111.6%和108.0%。施氮促进油菜生长发育,显著提高油菜对氮素的吸收、累积和籽粒需氮量,但氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和表观利用率均随氮肥用量的增加显著下降。氮肥用量在150kg/hm2时,能较好地协调油菜较高产量水平与合理氮肥利用率的统一。 相似文献
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13.
As the most important cultural practices for cotton production, the single effects of plant density and [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)] fertilization on yield and yield components are well documented but their combined effects on Bt cotton are poorly understood. Using a split–split plot design with four replications, we conducted a two-year field experiment in two fields, one with lower fertility and the other with higher fertility, in the Yellow River Valley of China. The aim was to evaluate both the individual and combined effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield, yield components and uptake of major nutrients. The main plots were assigned to plant density (4.5 and 7.5 plants/m2), while nitrogen (0 and 240 kg N/ha) and potassium fertilization (0 and 150 kg K/ha) were assigned to the sub- and sub–subplots. Lint yield was improved with high plant density (7.5 plants/m2) in the lower fertility field, particularly without N and K application, but not in the higher fertility field. Nitrogen or K application also increased lint yield, and a combination of high plant density, N and K application further improved lint yield in the lower fertility field, while only K application increased lint yield in the higher fertility field. Lint percentage was not affected by any of the variables studied. Thus, the yield increase due to plant density, fertilization or their combinations was attributed to increases in boll number or boll weight. The ratio of seed cotton to stalk (RSS) was linearly correlated with harvest index, and thus can be a simple indicator of dry matter allocation to reproductive structures. Increased yield due to plant density and fertilization was mainly attributed to the enhanced biological yield in the lower fertility field, while the yield increase due to K fertilization was mainly due to increased RSS in the higher fertility field. The plants used approximately equal N and P to produce 100 kg lint in both fields, but the uptake of K to produce 100 kg lint in the higher fertility field was about 21% more than that in the lower fertility field. Ratios of N:P:K were 1:0.159:0.604 in the lower fertility field and 1:0.159:0.734 in higher fertility field. This study suggests that K fertilization was extremely important for maintaining high yield, although luxury consumption occurred in the higher fertility field; N was applied more than required in the highly fertile field, and increased plant density would be beneficial to cotton yield in the lower fertility field. 相似文献
14.
磷肥用量对油菜产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响 总被引:34,自引:8,他引:34
利用大田试验研究了磷肥用量对油菜生长、产量、养分含量、养分积累及经济收益的影响.结果表明,在4个施磷水平下,蕲春和黄冈两个试验点磷肥(P2O5)用量分别为135kg/hm2和90kg/hm2时效果最好,分别提高产量148.5%和81.5%,增加纯利润2 532元/hm2和1 038元/hm2.施磷能大幅度的增加油菜分枝数、每株角果数、每角籽粒数及在一定程度上提高籽粒千粒重.施磷能不同程度地提高油菜各部位N、P、K养分含量,显著地提高油菜地上部对N、P和K的积累量.根据肥料效应方程和油菜籽及磷肥价格确定,蕲春和黄冈试验点最高产量水平时的磷肥用量分别为145.3kg/hm2和119.2kg/hm2,而最佳施磷量则分别为141.4kg/hm2和113.5kg/hm2. 相似文献
15.
向日葵下胚轴体细胞胚发生的基因型效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用3因素3水平的正交试验L9(34),研究了种植密度、施肥量、单株有效穗保留数量对蓖麻新品系6052产量的影响。结果表明:种植密度、施肥量对蓖麻产量的影响均达到极显著水平,单株有效穗保留数量对蓖麻产量无显著影响。最佳栽培技术方案:种植密度12 495穴/hm2,行塘距为1.0m×0.8m;施底肥钙镁磷肥375kg/hm2,并在植株有6~8片真叶及主穗现蕾时,各追施尿素75kg/hm2;单株有效穗数保留6穗。 相似文献
16.
Gang Li Huangshi ZhangXianghua Wu Chuanyan ShiXianjin Huang Pei Qin 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(2):395-402
A field experiment was conducted in 2007-2009 in coastal saline regions of Yancheng city in Jiangsu province of China (120°13′E, 33°38′N). The experiment was to investigate relationships among canopy spectral reflectance, canopy chlorophyll density (CCD), leaf area index (LAI), and yield of two Chinese castor varieties (Zi Bi var. and Yun Bi var.) across four N fertilizer rates of 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg N ha−1. These N rates were used to generate a wide range of difference in canopy structure and seed yield. Measurements of canopy reflectance were made throughout the growing season using a hand-held spectroradiometer. Samples for CCD and LAI were obtained on days that reflectance measurements were made. Fifteen hyperspectral reflectance indices were calculated. Canopy spectral characteristics were heavily influenced by saline soil background in the rapid growing period (RGP), thus hyperspectral data obtained in this period were not suited for reflecting castor growth condition or predicting final yield. CCD increased linearly with most reflectance indices in the full coverage period (FCP) and senescent period (SP) for the two castor varieties, whereas LAI did not. Most of reflectance indices were significantly correlated with yield of two varieties in different growing periods. The OSAVI model provided the best yield prediction for Zi Bi var. with predicted values very close to observed ones (R2 = 0.799), and the mSRVI705 model was well used for Yun Bi var. yield estimation (R2 = 0.759). These results indicate that the hyperspectral data measured at appropriate time could be well used for castor yield estimation. 相似文献
17.
在大田条件下设置纯氮用量0、150、225、300和375 kg/hm~2共5个氮肥量级和6万、7万、8万、9万和10万株/hm~2共5个密度梯度,研究不同氮肥量级条件和不同密度梯度下吉单96的冠层生理及结构指标、产量及产量构成指标。结果表明,冠层叶绿素含量的敏感时期为大喇叭口期和抽雄期,其中,大喇叭口期叶片叶绿素含量受氮肥影响最大,抽雄期叶片叶绿素含量受密度影响最大。225~300 kg/hm~2施氮量且分配60%的追肥可以保持冠层叶绿素在较高水平;叶面积指数受密度调控更显著,7.7万~8.0万株/hm~2为试验最适密度,可维持最大叶面积指数在5.5左右。在中高肥力条件下,采用7.7万~8.0万株/hm~2的种植密度和225~300 kg/hm~2的施氮量,可维持冠层结构和功能,协调穗粒数和百粒重同步增长,产量可达到12 780.9 kg/hm~2。 相似文献