Optimization of a Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) Amplification System for Lentinula edodes

Lentinula edodesis a large,edible wood-decaying fungus that is attractive to consumersdue to its delicious taste and medicinalproperties.One of the major cultivatedmushrooms,it is ranked second(marginallybehindAgaricus bisporus)in terms of worldproduction.L.edodeswas originally cultivatedinChina,whichis nowthelargest producer of themushroom and rich in germplas m resources.These resources form the basis ofL.edodesbreeding programs and product exploitation.However,research on the genetic rela…     

Extraction of Triterpenoids with Antioxidant and Anti-tumor Activity from Agrocybe aegerita Mycelium and Spent Culture Medium

Different organic solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol) were used to extract A. aegerita mycelium and spent culture medium following growth of the fungus in submerged culture. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant and anti-tumor activity that may be linked to triterpenoids present in the extracts.     

草菇周年栽培关键技术研究——草菇稻草熟料周年栽培菌株筛选

Volvariella volvaceafruit bodies containmany nutrients and have a crisp and tendertexture . Therefore ,this edible fungus is prizedby consumers , and has a promising futurebecause of its high economic benefit[1]. Inrecent years , discordance between marke…     

草菇冷诱导Cor3基因实时荧光定量PCR标准品质粒和标准曲线的构建

A plasmid containing target DNA and a standard curve for real-time quantitative PCR of the cold-induced Cor3 gene of Volvariella volvacea were constructed. These will provide the basis for further research on Cor3 gene expression at low temperature, and ultimately for assigning a role for the gene in the low temperature autolysis of V. volvacea.     

A new yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar Jinshi 4北大核心CSCD

Jinshi 4 is a new yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar selected from crossbreeding. The seedling was derived from a cross between Jinshi 1 and SF0813m in 2009 at Shifang Kiwifruit Base of Sichuan Province. The vine vigor is strong. The new canes have short hairs of medium length. The annual canes are thick and the epidermis is medium coarse and dry. The canes have white short spindle lenticels. The volume of bud socket and bud pore of annual cane is large. There is strong anthocyanin coloring set on the front of the petiole of the young leaf. The tip of the young leaf was tail-shaped and open at the base. The shape of the adult leaf is heart-shaped, the leaf edge is sawtooth-wavy, there is no or very thin fuzz on the front and weak corrugation, the front of the adult leaf is dark green, and the back is light green. The adult leaf is large. Fruit shape is ovate without sepals, the lenticels are moderately prominent, the peel is gray-brown with a moderate amount of short hairs evenly distributed on the surface of the peel, the color is gray-brown, and it is easy to fall off. The average fruit weight is 98.76 g with maximum fruit weight being 150 g. Soluble solids content is 16.1%, dry matter, total sugar and total acid contents are 19.21%, 10.79% and 1.10%, respectively, and vitamin C content is 171.33 mg•100 g-1. Fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 150 d, it matures in late September in Deyang area of Sichuan province and it's a mid-season-mature variety. The inflorescence type belongs to the dichotomous cyme, each inflorescence has 3 flowers, and the bud break and cane growing ability is strong. It is medium- to-high resistant to PSA, and the occurrence of brown spot and scale insects is slight. The resistance and adaptability are strong. The fruit has very long storage-life, and cold storage life is 120-150 days. Suitable cultivation area is relatively extensive with annual average temperature >15℃, altitude below 1000 meters, slightly acidic soil and well-drained land. It can flower and bear fruit in the third year after establishment with good yield. © 2022, Office of Journal of the Fruit Science. All right reserved.     

Identification of Tremella fuciformis strains Using SRAP, ISSR and RAPD markers

Three types of molecular markers （SRAP, ISSR and RAPD） were used to identify four Tremella fuciformis strains, T6 （white）, T7 （white）, T8 （yellow） and T9 （light yellow）. Twelve SRAP primer pairs, ten ISSR primers and eight RAPD primers were screened, and identification data obtained using the three molecular markers were consistent in that the four T. fuciformis strains were divided into three groups with T7 and T9 clustered together in a single group. Each RAPD primer generated a higher average number of polymorphic bands than either the SRAP or ISSR primers, and the average similarity between the four strains was 81.34%. SRAP markers reflected more genetic information compared with the two other markers, and the average similarity was 68.98%. Genetic information reflected by ISSR markers was intermediate between SRAP and RAPD, and the average similarity was 77.48%.     

Research and utilization progress in banana germplasm resources in China北大核心CSCD

Banana is one of the main fruit crops and important food crops in the world, and it is also an important economic fruit in southern China. China is the border area of the origin of modern bananas, and one of the secondary origin centers as well. China has a history of banana cultivation for more than 2000 years and is the second largest country in banana production and consumption. Banana producing areas in China are mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian and Taiwan, with a small amount of cultivation in the south of Sichuan, Guizhou and Tibet. Most cultivated bananas are evolved from two wild species, Musa acuminate and Musa balbisiana, and their interspecific hybridization. The genome of Musa acuminata is called“genome A”, while the genome of Musa balbisiana is called“genome B”. According to the classification value of characteristics, banana cultivars can be divided into genotypes such as AA, AAA, AB, AAB, ABB, AAAA, AAAB, AABB, BB and BBB. Bananas cultivated in China are simply divided into four categories: Cavendish (AAA), Pisang Awak (ABB), Silk (AAB) and Dajiao (ABB). Cavendish banana is planted mostly in China (more than 80%), followed by Pisang Awak (more than 10%). Notably, in China, few people plant and consume Plantain (AAB), which is an important staple food in some area. Banana breeding mainly includes introduction (like Brazil and Williams banana), vegetative line selection (like GCTCV bananas), artificial mutation breeding (like Jiali banana), cross breeding (like Fenza No. 1 and Zhongjiao No. 9 banana), chromosome ploidy breeding, transgenic breeding and gene editing breeding. The introduction method is simple and direct. Our group took the lead in establishing the National Banana Germplasm Resource Garden in 1989. In the future, we should introduce not only high-quality varieties, but also multifunctional and diverse banana varieties to enrich China’s banana market. After introduction, people often get better lines that adapt to Chinese geographical and climatic conditions and planting habits, and then popularize them. Mutation breeding is easy, but the ideal excellent lines can only be obtained through a large number of screening and evaluation. The female flowers of some bananas, like Dajiao and Pisang Awak, have strong fertility, so they are often used as female parents to cross with wild bananas or cultivated varieties with certain fertility. Although sexual hybridization of banana needs a long period and is easy to fail, this method can often create new germplasm with diverse genetic background and relatively controllable traits, which is the most potential and promising method in traditional banana breeding at present. In recent years, researchers in China have created many new hybrid banana germplasm, and it can be predicted that a large number of new hybrid banana varieties will emerge in China in the near future. Banana transgenic and gene editing breeding have strong pertinence. China has made good achievements in the fields of banana transgenic and gene editing. However, as in many other parts of the world, these methods cannot be applied to business at present. At last, other breeding methods like somatic hybridization, rapid breeding and molecular-assisted breeding are rarely used at present. Banana Fusarium wilt and other diseases seriously threaten banana industry in China. At the same time, frequent typhoons and floods, severe frost and poor soil in the main banana producing areas in China also limit the further development of banana industry. Breeding new banana varieties with high yield, high quality and high stress resistance and adaptability is the key to break the bottleneck of banana industry development in China, and it is also a challenge for banana breeders in China. In addition, it is also an important direction to cultivate bananas with high nutrition and health care function, which are suitable for industrial processing or feed. During the last decades, China has made great achievements in banana breeding, but there are still many problems. First of all, banana biodiversity is relatively lacking, with few wild banana resources. Moreover, the careful evaluation of banana germplasm resources is not enough, limiting the utilization of them. Secondly, the main banana varieties in China were bred by introduction and mutation breeding, and only a few were bred by hybridization or other means. Moreover, due to many reasons, there is a lack of varieties with good comprehensive characteristics. Finally, it is difficult to study genes in banana through the forward or reverse genetic means, limiting the molecular research on banana. In the future, we should: (1) Continue to strengthen the collection, evaluation and utilization of global banana germplasm resources, and especially promote banana cross breeding vigorously; (2) Pay attention to the basic research on banana, dig out the key genes related to important economic traits, and analyze their regulatory networks, so as to lay the foundation for creating new banana varieties without transgene through gene editing technology in the future; (3) Continuously develop and upgrade new breeding techniques, promote the integration of various means, and breed efficiently and scientificly; (4) Breed new varieties that are resistant to various diseases and have good comprehensive properties, so as to win the banana defense war. In a word, we have summarized the research results of banana breeding in China in recent years, discussed the methods of banana breeding, the direction of new variety breeding and the main problems, in order to provide reference for banana breeding in China. © 2023 Journal of Fruit Science. All rights reserved.     

SRAP、ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术在银耳菌株鉴别上的应用

Three types of molecular markers (SRAP, ISSR and RAPD) were used to identify four Tremella fuciformis strains, T6 (white), T7 (white), T8 (yellow) and T9 (light yellow). Twelve SRAP primer pairs, ten ISSR primers and eight RAPD primers were screened, and identification data obtained using the three molecular markers were consistent in that the four T. fuciformis strains were divided into three groups with T7 and T9 clustered together in a single group. Each RAPD primer generated a higher average number of polymorphic bands than either the SRAP or ISSR primers, and the average similarity between the four strains was 81.34%. SRAP markers reflected more genetic information compared with the two other markers, and the average similarity was 68.98%. Genetic information reflected by ISSR markers was intermediate between SRAP and RAPD, and the average similarity was 77.48%.     

Identification of Lentinula edodes ‘135’ Strains Using a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker

Lentinula edodes(Berk.) Pegler is one ofthe world’s major cultivated mushrooms andranks second, marginally behindAgaricusbisporus, in terms of world production.L.edodeswas originally cultivated in China ,which is now the largest producer of themushroom. The type of mushroomstrain usedfor cultivation purposes is a major factoraffecting production, and has a direct i mpacton the yield and quality of the mushrooms .InChina , a well-constructed registration systemfor mushroomstrains is not yet …     

Identification of resistance to anthracnose in leaves of grape resources and QTL localization of disease resistance genes北大核心CSCD

【Objective】 Grape anthracnose is one of the main diseases of grape, which mainly infects the fruits, young leaves and new branches of grape, causing fruit rot, shedding, or water loss and shrinkage into stiff fruits. Breeding disease-resistant grape varieties is the most economical, effective, and environmentally friendly long-term control strategy for the prevention of the anthracnose disease. There have been a few studies on the identification of the resistance to anthracnose and the QTL localization of relative disease resistant genes so far. The study aimed to identify the resistance to the anthracnose disease of different grape germplasms and seek for new QTL locus for the resistance and provide germplasm materials and basis for the breeding and research on the disease resistance mechanism. 【Methods】 The indoor ex vivo leaf inoculation method was used to identify and evaluate the resistance to anthracnose in 60 strains of Chinese wild grapes, 122 accessions of V. vinifera and 76 accessions of V. vinifera-V. labrusca, and the hybrid offsprings of Manicure Finger (susceptible)×Ciputao0940 (resistant), and the QTL localization of grape anthracnose resistance was carried out using the genetic map constructed by SNP markers.【Results】 A total of 1 germplasm with high resistance, 43 germplasms with resistance and 75 germplasms with medium resistance were screened out, accounting for 0.39%, 16.67% and 29.07% of the total identified accessions, respectively. There were great differences in the resistance to anthracnose in different germplasm populations. 63.34% of the East Asian population 56.57% of the V. vinifera-V. labrusca population, and 31.15% of the Eurasian population had the resistance to anthracnose. In the identification of anthracnose resistance in Chinese wild grape germplasms, it was found that the resistance of different strains in the same population varied greatly, and the species with strong resistance on the whole included V. davidii, V. pseudoreticulata, V. amurensis, and V. piasezkii. The strong resistance of the strains include Shanputao &, Longyuwanfuye1 &, Duolieye-yingyu, Shanputao- shanyang1807, Mianmaoputao-chayu1955, and Ciputao0940. The resistance of the hybrid offsprings of Manicure Finger (susceptible)×Ciputao0940 (resistant) were distributed in five grades. According to the normality test and single-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test based on the resistance level distribution of the F1 population, it was found that the hybrid offsprings of Finger (susceptible) × Ciputao0940 (resistant) showed continuous variation in anthracnose resistance, which was a typical quantitative trait controlled by polygens, and the phenotypic distribution of disease resistance identification results showed a trend of partial normal distribution, which could be analyzed by QTL localization. In the positioning of QTL related to grape resistance to anthracnose, the interval or site of LOD≥3.0 was used as the threshold value for QTL, and when the above conditions were met, the site corresponding to the highest LOD value in the interval was considered to be one QTL of grape anti-anthracnose. In this experiment, a QTL interval associated with grape anthracnose resistance was detected on the 8th linkage group, and the locus with the highest LOD value in this interval was located at 140.682 cM, and the tightly linked label was Maker1675910, which could explain the 14.7% of the phenotypic variation. Based on the gene annotation results of the QTL locus interval, 15 resistance- related genes were screened out, and they were hypothesized to play a role in grape anthracnose resistance. 【Conclusion】 The resistance level of different grape germplasms to anthracnose was clarified, one QTL site against anthracnose was located and 15 resistant-related genes were screened. © 2023 Journal of Fruit Science. All rights reserved.     

松茸菌丝体美白抗氧化特性的研究

以松茸菌丝多糖为研究对象,从酪氨酸酶的抑制活性与体外抗氧化能力两方面评价其在关白抗衰老方面的潜在价值。结果表明,多糖对酪氨酸单酚酶和二酚酶的IC50分别为1．18μg·mL^-1、1．46μg·mL^-1,为可逆混合型抑制。松茸菌丝多糖DPPH·和·OH的清除率分别高达90．06％和31．43％,对硫代巴比妥法体外脂质过氧化抑制率为87．7％。     

微波辅助提取云南铁核桃果皮色素及其理化性质研究

以云南铁核桃为试材,采用微波辅助法进行色素提取试验,采用单因素试验与正交实验对色素提取工艺进行优化,并对其稳定性及抗氧化活性进行研究,以期为云南铁核桃色素的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:微波辅助提取云南铁核桃果皮色素最优工艺为微波功率480 W,水浴浸提温度80℃、微波时间10 s、料液比1∶70 g·mL^-1、乙醇浓度60%、水浴浸提时间60 min。云南铁核桃果皮色素热稳定性和光稳定性差,对pH较敏感,对常见食品添加剂较稳定,对Ga²⁺、Na~(+)、Mg²⁺、Sn²⁺稳定,对Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺不稳定;云南铁核桃果皮色素对ABTS⁺·、DPPH·、·OH有较强的清除能力,而且随着浓度的增加而增大。     

鸡腿菇多糖减轻运动疲劳的机理分析

对鸡腿菇多糖的抗氧化活性进行了试验,试验表明,鸡腿菇多糖对·OH和DPPH·都具有一定的清除活性,且清除率与多糖的浓度成正比。这说明鸡腿菇多糖能够防止人体细胞膜过氧化损伤,减轻运动员的疲劳。     

Protective effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function in rats with hypercholesterolemia

AIM: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone,a PPARγ agonist,on endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rats.METHODS: 36 healthy male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups randomly (six rats in each group): control,hypercholesterolemia (HC),and HC treated with pioglitazone 1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 (HC＋PIO),respectively.EC function was determined by comparing vasorelaxation to ACh,an EC dependent vasodilator,and acidified NaNO₂,an EC-independent vasodilator.Maximal positive and negative values of the instantaneous first derivative of LVP (+dp/dt_max and dp/dt_max) were determined by MS2000 system.RESULTS: (1) Hypercholesterolemia caused a significant endothelial diastolic dysfunction (maximal relaxation to ACh: 50.51%±2.45% vs 99.78%±3.01% in control,P<0.01).(2) Treatment with pioglitazone relieved EC-dependent vasodilatation in a dose dependent manner,and 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 is the best dose.(3) Pioglitazone not only improved EC function,but also reduced cardiac functional injury induced by hypercholesterolemia.CONCLUSION: EC dysfunction induced by hypercholesterolemia can be directly extenuated by pioglitazone,which may effectively prevent from subsequent atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.     

槲树叶提取液对冷藏期间桃品质及抗氧化系统的影响

以生理成熟期‘新泰红’桃果实为试材,分别用0、2.5、5.0、7.5 g/L槲树叶提取液浸泡果实,以蒸馏水为对照,并于0℃冷藏,测定冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白等品质指标以及酶活力与活性氧等物质,探讨槲树叶提取液对采后桃果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:槲树叶提取液处理能够有效延缓冷藏期间桃果实冷害指数升高以及硬度下降,使整个冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量维持相对较高水平,并且能够有效延缓膜脂过氧化产物(丙二醛)以及活性氧物质(超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢和羟基自由基)积累;同时,槲树叶提取液处理还能够显著抑制果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,从而延缓冷藏期间桃果实褐变程度。综上所述,槲树叶提取液处理能够缓解冷藏期间桃果实冷害症状,以5.0 g/L槲树叶提取液处理效果最为明显。     

款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以款冬叶片为试材,采用微波辅助法提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交实验法优化款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺,同时以分光光度法测定提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)的清除作用。结果表明:款冬叶片总黄酮最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数70%,微波提取时间3 min,微波功率500 W,料液比1∶15 g·mL^-1,在该条件下,总黄酮的提取率为0.91%。款冬叶片总黄酮的质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈一定的线性关系,当总黄酮质量浓度为0.069 8 mg·mL^-1时,对DPPH·、·OH和O-·2的清除率分别达84.21%、84.10%和68.32%,表明款冬叶片具有良好的抗氧化能力,可作为天然的抗氧化剂进一步的开发和利用。     

点柄粘盖牛肝菌粗多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究

研究点柄粘盖牛肝菌子实体多糖的抗氧化活性.结果显示,随着多糖浓度的上升,还原能力不断增强,对·O2-和·OH的清除效果也在加强,但多糖浓度更大时,清除率增强效果不明显,点柄粘盖牛肝菌子实体粗多糖对·OH的清除能力较强,多糖浓度为0.2 mg·mL-1时对·OH清除率最大,为98.95％;但对·O2-的清除作用不明显,多糖浓度为10mg·mL-1时清除率为21.68％.提取的点柄粘盖牛肝菌子实体粗多糖具有抗氧化活性,且活性呈现剂量效应.     

紫色丝膜菌抗氧化及降低细胞内活性氧作用

贺兰山紫蘑菇是主要分布在内蒙古阿拉善盟和宁夏境内贺兰山地区的野生食用菌。以贺兰山紫蘑菇的主要代表种—紫色丝膜菌(Cortinarius purpurascens)为材料,对其抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明:紫色丝膜菌甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯相的活性最好,在0.5 mg/mL的浓度下对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除率分别达88.3%和96.8%;紫色丝膜菌甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯相可显著保护自由基诱导的DNA断裂;在0.05 mg/mL时对叔丁基过氧化氢引起的细胞内活性氧水平有极显著降低作用,在0.15mg/mL时可将细胞内升高的活性氧降低到正常水平。     

短时间冰冻低温处理下活性氧代谢与桃芽自然休眠解除研究(英文)

以7a生曙光油桃为试材,通过冰冻低温处理枝条,研究了不同温度和时间对桃芽的存活率、萌芽级数和活性氧含量及其相关酶活性的影响,并探讨对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应。结果表明,短时间冰冻低温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的调控效应因处理时期、处理温度和处理持续时间长短的不同而异。3个不同采样时期,短时间冰冻处理中,-4℃和-7℃处理对油桃芽休眠解除的效应不明显,桃芽中H2O2(过氧化氢)含量、O·2(超氧阴离子自由基)产生速率和·OH(羟基自由基)产生速率及POD(过氧化物酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性与对照相比差异不大;但-10℃、-13℃、-16℃、-19℃和-21℃各处理对油桃芽休眠解除呈正调控效应,桃芽内除SOD活性显著降低外其它指标都明显升高;但是采样时期越晚,调控效应越明显。H2O2含量、O·2和·OH产生速率的显著增加表明短时间冰冻处理可有效解除芽自然休眠,并且活性氧的迅速增加可能是短时间冰冻处理解除芽自然休眠的重要因素。     

Adiponectin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from lipid peroxidation

AIM:To study the effect of adiponectin (APN) on lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro.METHODS:The effect of H2O2 on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC labeling.The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in HUVECs was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by colorimetric assay.The scavenging rate on superoxide anion radicals in xanthine oxidase system and OH radicals produced by Fenton reaction were also tested.RESULTS:APN significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis.H2O2 increased MDA production and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT, which were inhibited by APN.APN did not alter the activities of SOD and CAT in normal condition.APN dose-dependently decreased the superoxide anion radicals, with the scavenging rate of 11.9%, 21.4%, 36.9%，respectively, and scavenged OH radicals.CONCLUSION:APN inhibits apoptosis and protects endothelial cells against lipid peroxidation insult by scavenging the free radicals.