三沙湾溪邳村滩涂养殖区沉积物质量状况及风险评价

为了解三沙湾溪邳村滩涂养殖环境污染现状,2012年4月对该养殖区表层沉积物中有机碳、油类、硫化物、总磷、总氮、多氯联苯、滴滴涕和重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As)含量进行分析与评价。结果表明:该海域沉积物中总氮含量达到生源要素Ⅱ类污染水平;单因子污染指数法的主要污染因子是氮和磷,富营养化程度较高;Hakanson潜在污染因子较大的是汞和镉,风险水平总体不高,但污染程度受人为活动等外来源影响有缓慢增加的趋势;而生物效应浓度法显示,沉积物中DDTs含量大于ERL限值,构成一定生态风险,但沉积物综合生态风险(联合毒性)不大,对生物产生中低毒性,毒性概率约为30%。     

京杭运河常州老运河段底栖动物多样性研究

为探究常州段底栖动物的多样性状况和变化趋势,进一步开展河道生态监测与水质评价,通过连续多年对京杭运河常州老运河段底栖动物的调查,分析其群落结构分布特征和变化规律,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、BI指数对河段的底栖动物多样性进行评价,并利用污染生物效应指数(BPI)对水质进行评价。结果表明,常州段上游的底栖动物种类最多、种群丰富度最高、群落完整性最好、多样性状况最好、生态污染效应最小,中游次之,下游最差,底栖动物多样性正逐年得到恢复;2009-2013年,常州段的污染生物效应指数逐年上升,污染效应逐年下降,污染程度逐年减轻,由此说明该河段的水质正逐年得到改善,生态环境逐步好转。     

阿哈水库柱状沉积物中重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害风险评价

阿哈水库是贵阳市重要的饮用水源地,及时掌握其沉积物中重金属的污染现状和存在的潜在生态风险具有非常重要的现实意义。本文对阿哈水库库区4个采样点的柱状沉积物中重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)6种毒性重金属进行了检测分析。结果表明,6种重金属含量在空间分布上有显著差异。在水平方向上,库心沉积物中的Cu、Cr和Pb含量最高,南郊水厂取水口的Zn和Cd含量最高,金钟河和游鱼河入库口沉积物中的6种重金属含量都相对较低。垂直方向上,南郊水厂取水口和库中心这两个采样点中Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cd6种重金属峰值均出现在10-15 cm处。Zn、Cu和Pb平均含量都超过背景值,Cd富集系数最高,污染最严重。同时,潜在生态风险评价结果显示,水库沉积物重金属潜在生态危害风险从大到小依次为Cd,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,Cr,Cd是生态风险贡献因子,阿哈水库沉积物重金属总体上还是存在轻微的生态危害风险及处于轻微的污染状态。     

长江口重要渔业水域重金属分布特征及风险评价

为研究长江口重要渔业水域重金属的分布特征,评价其污染现状,于2016年5月和8月共采样2次,布设采样点12个,采集水样48个,沉积物12个,分析重金属分布特征并进行风险评价,结果表明:水样中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As的含量分别为0.0013~0.012 0、0.0010~0.0200、0.000 036~0.000 220、0.000 006~0.000 027、0.001 9~0.003 5 mg/L。水样中Hg含量很低,最低的未检出,最高为0.000 09 mg/L。长江口渔业水域的水相重金属除2016年8月S1采样点底层水样Cu含量略有超标,其它均能达到渔业水质标准。长江口渔业水域沉积物含量均符合《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668—2002)一类标准,沉积物环境质量状况良好。利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)评价沉积物的生物毒性,结果表明,长江口渔业水域沉积物重金属生物毒性风险较大的是As,其次是Cu和Hg。     

闽江流域表层沉积物硫化物及重金属生物毒性研究

根据2012—2013年福建省闽江流域富屯溪、建溪和沙溪等支流以及干流7个站位表层沉积物调查数据,对硫化物(AVS)、有机碳及重金属(SEM)等物质进行了研究。结果表明,各站位硫化物两年平均含量在0.461 0~1.814 0μmol·g~(-1)之间,有机碳平均含量在0.76%~1.51%之间,尤溪S5站位硫化物含量明显高于其他站位,与此对应有机碳含量也较高,这与沿岸人类活动的强度有关;闽江干流S7站位硫化物含量最低,主要受水动力特征影响。各站位沉积物重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As)含量基本呈现CuPbAsHgCd的趋势,其中Cu和Pb是主要污染重金属。SEM平均含量在0.47~3.58μmol·g~(-1)之间,金溪S2、古田溪S6站位SEM/AVS(摩尔比值)小于1,重金属潜在生态危害风险较小;其他站位SEM/AVS大于1,生物有效性高,具有潜在的毒性效应。与水体沉积物中金属元素对底栖生物产生毒性效应的阈值比较,单个重金属中Pb和Cd可能产生的生物有效性高于Cu,具有对底栖生物产生毒性效应的潜力。     

阿哈水库沉积物中重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

研究阿哈水库沉积物中重金属空间分布特征和污染现状,评价潜在生态风险,为重金属污染防治提供参考依据和理论基础。2016年12月,在阿哈水库设置4个采样点,每个采样点采集20cm柱状沉积物,按5cm分层取样,检测分析铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)6种毒性重金属,用潜在生态危害指数法评价生态风险。结果表明,6种重金属含量在空间分布上有显著差异。水平方向,沉积物中Cu、Cr和Pb含量库心最高,Zn和Cd含量南郊水厂取水口最高,沉积物中的6种重金属含量在金钟河和游鱼河入库口都相对较低。垂直方向上,南郊水厂取水口和库心采样点Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cd 6种重金属峰值均出现在10~15cm处。Zn、Cu和Pb平均含量都超过背景值,Cd富集系数最高,污染最严重。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,水库沉积物重金属潜在生态危害指数从大到小依次为Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cr,Cd是生态风险主要贡献因子。阿哈水库沉积物重金属总体上存在轻微的生态风险及处于轻微的污染状态,南郊水厂取水口较高的生态风险应当引起足够的重视。     

于桥水库表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其与底栖动物的关系

对重金属生态风险分布特征及其与底栖动物群落结构及多样性分布特征之间的相关关系进行分析,为于桥水库生态系统重金属污染监测与治理提供技术支持。2015年7月至2016年6月,在于桥水库内布设11个采样点,采集水下表层15 cm的沉积物样品测定Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、As、Hg和Cd浓度,潜在生态指数法评价污染风险;采集底栖动物鉴定种类、计算生物量和多样性指数。结果表明:于桥水库表层沉积物中重金属元素平均含量大小顺序为ZnCrCuPbAsHgCd,各重金属平均含量均低于背景值,但Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg的最高值均高于背景值;表层沉积物中重金属元素的平均潜在生态风险指数为66.13,整体处于轻微风险水平,各重金属元素的单项潜在生态风险从高到低的顺序为HgCdCuAsCrPbZn;底栖动物腹足纲密度、底栖动物Shannon-Wiener指数与ECd、EHg、RI均具有明显的负相关关系;底栖动物Margalef指数与ECu、EPb、ECd具有明显的负相关关系。于桥水库内重金属元素浓度高值区主要集中于库中心、水库入口、水库出口及水库北岸,应重点加强上游引水污染物控制。     

湛江特呈岛红树林湿地冬季小型底栖动物和海洋线虫群落的初步研究

于2018年冬季进行沉积物小型底栖动物样品采集,沿特呈岛红树林南部分布区域设5个采样断面,研究该红树林湿地中小型底栖动物类群组成及丰度、海洋线虫群落结构。结果表明:采样区域共发现5个小型底栖动物类群,其中海洋线虫为绝对优势类群,占总丰度的97.99%。小型底栖动物的丰度在(71.35±16.80)～(786.40±908.18)ind/10 cm~2之间,平均丰度为(432.25±500.84)ind/10 cm~2;不同断面、潮位之间小型底栖动物丰度差异显著。鉴定海洋线虫隶属于22个科44个属,优势属为Terschellingia、Sabatieria、Viscosia、Spirinia、Megadesmolaimus和Spilophorella,优势度分别为21.77%、8.43%、7.99%、7.99%、6.50%和5.79%。摄食类型,从属的数量和个体数量来看,沉积食性者都占优势。通过多样性和K-优势度分析,海洋线虫各项指数在断面3都是最高的;聚类分析和MDS标序分析表明,断面3和断面5在海洋线虫群落结构上较为相似。     

渔业生态环境

990323 伊维菌素对沉积物栖息生物的环境影响=Environmental risk of ivermectin tosediment dwelling organisms[刊,英]/Davies I M,Gillibrand P A∥Aquac..—1998,163(1/2),—29～46伊维菌素已被做为一种饲料添加剂,用来防治养殖鲑鱼的鱼虱病。文章研究伊维菌素对两种沉积物栖息生物:片脚类和海盘车的急性毒性。试验为期3个月,采用化学测定法和观察受药物污染沉积物对片脚类的毒性     

上海地区池塘沉积物中氮、磷、有机碳及重金属风险评价

为综合评估上海地区池塘沉积物环境质量状况,2016-2019年对上海地区36个养殖场池塘采集沉积物样品360个,检测和分析沉积物中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、总有机碳（TOC）及重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg和As含量。研究结果表明,池塘0~10 cm层和10~20 cm层沉积物中TN、TP、TOC及各重金属均值分布无显著差异（P>0.05）,0~20 cm层沉积物（干重）中TN、TP和TOC平均含量分别为（873.37±352.45）mg/kg、（685.66±199.66）mg/kg和（6.62±3.05）mg/g,三者相关性显著。综合污染指数法和有机指数法评价结果表明,池塘沉积物中氮和有机物质的累积量较低,磷累积量相对较高,均低于其他地区高产池塘。池塘沉积物中Cr、Cd、Cu和Hg样品超标率分别为6.42%、3.21%、4.13%和1.38%,Zn、Pb和As无超标现象。地质累积指数、潜在生态危害指数法和一致性沉积物质量基准评价结果表明,上海地区池塘沉积物中重金属整体上处于清洁等级、低潜在生态危害状态,预测不会引发生物毒性效应。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.