控温快速养殖中华鳖技术的研究

利用玻璃温室采光加温和塑料大棚采光增温两种方式,分别在越冬前和越冬后进行稚鳖和幼鳖养殖,投喂全价配合饲料,结果：稚鳖经１００天的饲养,平均体重从３—５ｇ长到７２．２５ｇ,平均日增重０．６８ｇ／只,饵料系数为１．３０,成活率９４．６６％,单产为１．２９ｋｇ／ｍ２,幼鳖经７３天饲养,平均体重从７２．２５ｇ长到２５１．５７ｇ,平均日增重为２．４６ｇ／只,饵料系数１．２６,成活率９７．３２％,单产３．１２ｋｇ／ｍ２。此种养殖方式,为北方地区人工快速养鳖,探索了一条有效途径。     

TF血浆蛋白粉在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用对比试验

本试验选用２９日龄（２８天断奶）的杜×长×大断奶仔猪４５头,按体重随机分为３组,每组１５头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为对照组,Ⅲ组为试验组。试验Ⅰ组只喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加６％的ＳＤＰＰ_１（进口血浆蛋白）、ＴＦ血浆蛋白粉,试验结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日增重分别为１７２．５ｇ、２４１．２ｇ和２４２．８ｇ,Ⅰ组与其它２组均差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,从料肉比看,Ⅰ组与其它２组均差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）、整个试验期间,仅试验Ⅰ组有４头仔猪发生腹泻,腹泻发生率为２６．７％。经分析,每增重１ｋｇ,添加ＴＦ比添加ＳＤＰＰ_１节省费用１．３４元,效果显著。表明ＴＦ喷干血浆蛋白粉无论在免疫、促长,还是经济效益方面均效果明显,是取代进口的理想产品。     

信息总汇

新型混型颗粒状饵料本方法不用生饵，由含粘合剂的配合饵料和油脂原料与水组成。所用粘合剂的醚化度１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｃｂ、１％水溶液粘度１０００ｃＰＳ以上的羧甲基纤维素钠。这种湿型颗粒饵料基本上能替换生饵，用原来所使用的颗粒饵料机就能制作。饲料添加海带粉加速畜鱼生长海带中含有丰富的碘化物和矿物质、维生素．以及可刺激动物生长的活性物质．而且所含的矿物质和绝大多数微量元素．均以有机态存在，不易发生氧化作用．因此．海带不仅是营养丰富的保健食品．还是优良的饲料添加剂．在鸭的基础日粮中，添加２％～４％的海带粉，成活…     

中华绒螯蟹蟹种配饵中豆饼替代部分鱼粉的适宜含量

本试验以不同比例的豆饼、鱼粉为主要蛋白源，配以菜饼、麸皮、玉米粉、复合维生素和无机盐等组成五组精制饵料，配饵的蛋白质含量为３６．６４～３７．２３％，脂肪２．７５～３．１０％，动、植物蛋白比１：０．１３～２．４３，每公斤饵料合总能４５１．５１～４６２．２３千卡。在室内水泥．池中用上述配饵时规格约５克的蟹种进行精心喂养４０天，试验期间水温控制在２４±１℃，试验结束时，以饵料的必需氨基酸组成、河蟹的特定生长率、饵料蛋白质利用率、蟹体生化组成等作为评价指标，结果表明，蟹种实用配饵中用３０％左右的豆饼替代鱼粉是合适的。豆饼添加过量或不足均会造成配饵中某些必需氨基酸比例失调而降低蟹的生长速度。     

微生态调节剂（PSB）对温室内巴西彩龟促生长的研究

将微生态调节剂ＰＳＢ添加剂在试验龟饲料中和泼洒于龟池内,经１００天观测,施用ＰＳＢ的试验组龟的增重率平均为３７．５％,饵料系数平均为１．８４;对照组分别为２７．３４％和２．３８。表明ＰＳＢ对巴西彩龟具有促生长和降低系数的作用。     

无沙养中华鳖试验初探

在５０ｍ＾２无沙水泥池内养殖鳖二个月，放养只重４５．５ｇ的幼鳖２００只，自配混合饲料投饲率４％，平均只日增重２ｇ，成活率９９．５％，获纯利２２８０元，投入产出比１：１．５     

生长期中华鳖饲料适宜能量_蛋白质水平及必需氨基酸模式的研究

以１５０ｇ左右的１７０只中华鳖为试验动物,随机分为１７个组。以饲料能量、蛋白质水平为试验因素,采用２因子５水平的回归正交旋转组合设计得到９个试验饲料营养组合,与１６个组试验动物相对应,进行６０ｄ饲养试验。试验结果,第９￣１６组鳖日增重２．２２ｇ／ｄ有显著地高于其它试验组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,比增设的对照组１．３８ｇ／ｄ高６０．８７％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,其饲料系数为１．４３,较其它组低１２．２７％￣４５．     

工厂化养鳖饲料中维生素E的应用研究（下）

－试验结果（１）生长比较饲养试验中,每两周各组进行一次生长测定,期间幼鳖生长测定五次,生长情况见表２、对照组和试验组各生长指标的比较结果见表３。表２幼鳖生长结果表３生长结果比较表３显示,添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ａ组和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ｂ组,饵料系数比对照Ｃ组分别低０－１５０和０．４４６,饵料效率比Ｃ组分别高２－４％和１０－９％。同时Ｂ组和Ａ组相比,Ｂ组饵料系数低０－２９６,饵料效率高８－５％。这说明增加维生素Ｅ的添加量有利于提高饵料的利用率、降低饵料系数。显示饲料中维生素Ｅ添加水平为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和…     

稚鳖粘液性肠炎病的病原及防治研究

从患粘液性肠炎病稚鳖的肝、心血中分离到６株致病菌,其形态、生理生化特性一致,鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。采取二氧化氯（０．５ ｇ／ｍ_３）水体消毒,内服氟派酸（拌饵 １ｇ／ｋｇ饵料）能有效地防治该病。     

蒸煮脱毒菜籽饼代替大豆鱼粉配制全价料对肥育猪饲喂效果试验

菜籽饼经蒸煮脱毒后，其中有毒成分异硫 氰酸酯由４．３７１ｍｇ／ｇ降到０．８３ｍｇ／ｇ，■唑烷硫酮由１． ０７ｍｇ／ｇ降到 ０．７４５ｍｇ／ｇ。用蒸煮脱毒菜籽饼作蛋白饲料 配制全价日粮与含大豆、鱼粉等蛋白饲料的全价日粮饲喂 生长肥育猪作对比试验，结果表明在日粮中添加１５％的蒸 煮脱毒菜籽饼，试验组平均日增重６７７ｇ±３５．５９ｇ，与对照组 平均日增重６８５ｇ±３４．２５ｇ相比，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；精肉 比试验组为３．５７：１；每增重１ｋｇ较对照组降低饲料成本 １４％。试验表明用蒸煮脱毒菜籽饼可替代大豆鱼粉饲喂生 长肥育猪，对猪无毒副作用，经济效益显著。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).