2-氰基-3- 氨基-3-脂肪氨基丙烯酸乙酯的合成

以3-氨甲基吡啶和2-氯-5-氨甲基吡啶为原料先与2-氰基-3,3-二甲硫基丙烯酸乙酯反应得到中间体 2a和2b, 不经分离,直接与脂肪胺反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的开环类吡虫啉结构化合物 3 。所有目标化合物(包括 2a和2b )均经元素分析和1H NMR确证,并对其构型进行了讨论。     

2-氰基-3-(6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)胺基-3-脂肪胺基丙烯腈的合成与生物活性

以 3-氨甲基吡啶和 2 -氯 - 5 -氨甲基吡啶为原料先与 2 -氰基 - 3,3-二甲硫基丙烯腈反应 ,产物不经分离再与脂肪胺反应合成了 14个未见文献报道的开环类吡虫啉结构类似物。所有目标化合物均经元素分析、1H NMR确证。初步活性测试结果表明含硫化合物的杀虫活性优于双氨基化合物 ,其中 4 c对豆蚜的抑制率最高达 87.6%。     

2-氨基甲基-3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶盐酸盐的合成

旨在寻找一条适用于工业化生产的合成2-氨基甲基-3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶盐酸盐的新路线。以2,3-二氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶为起始原料,经过亲核取代反应,得到反应物;再与10%HCl水溶液经过亚胺水解、脱羧"一锅法"反应制得目标化合物2-氨基甲基-3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶盐酸盐。反应总收率为79.4%,纯度为99.6%,所有中间体及产物经IR和1H NMR进行表征。该合成技术收率较高,经济合理,操作简单,为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

噻二唑基-3-哒嗪酮类化合物的合成及生物活性

将取代的二酰基肼环合后,得到中间体2-芳基-5-氯甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑,然后与2-叔丁基-4-氯-5-羟基-3(2H)-哒嗪酮反应,合成了8个未见文献报道的含噻二唑基哒嗪酮类化合物,其化学结构经1H NMR、高分辩质谱和元素分析确认。生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对粘虫P.separate W.有较好的抑制生长活性,其中化合物 3b 的EC50值为21 mg/L。     

氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯化合物的合成与抑菌活性

以芳香硝基化合物、2-氯-5-吡啶甲醇和一氧化碳为原料,在Pd-Fe/Ti O2催化下进行羰基化反应,合成了11个新型氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯化合物,其结构经1H NM R和M S表征。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明:在50 mg/L下,大多数目标化合物对4种供试病原菌具有一定的抑制活性,其中化合物3f(4-甲氧基苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯、3h(2,4-二氯苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯)和3j(3,4-二氯苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯)对小麦赤霉病菌Gibberella zeae的抑制率达77.3%以上,3f对苹果轮纹病菌Physalospora piricola的抑制率达82.5%,与对照药多菌灵接近;所有化合物在50 mg/L下对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制活性均优于对照药多菌灵。     

2-氰基-3-取代胺基(或甲硫基)-3-(2-氯-5-吡啶甲胺基)-丙烯酸酯类化合物的合成及生物活性

作者曾模拟新烟碱类杀虫剂的化学结构,合成了一系列含2-氯-5-吡啶甲基的双氰基取代烯酮缩胺类化合物,并对其进行了生物活性测定,发现部分化合物显示了较好的杀虫和除草活性[1],特别是除草活性引起我们的兴趣。为进一步研究此结构类型的化合物的合成及生物活性,我们以酯基替代前文所述化合物中的一个氰基,并保留新烟碱杀虫剂nitenpyram类似物的骨架[2]。由于这种结构与作为光合作用光系统II(PSII)电子传递抑制剂的氰基丙烯酸酯类化合物很相似[3],该类化合物可能会有更好的除草效果。我们依此设计,合成了2-氰基-3-(2-氯-5-吡啶甲胺基)-3-甲…     

N-取代2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰胺的合成及杀菌活性

通过2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰氯与苯胺或氨基吡啶类化合物反应,合成了7 个未见文献报道的N-取代2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酰胺类化合物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、高分辨质谱和元素分析的表征和确认。对8种病原菌进行的初步杀菌活性测试结果表明:目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对水稻纹枯病菌 Pellicularia sasakii 的活性最好(抑制率在72.60%～91.78%之间),其中 6a 的抑制率最高。     

含取代吡啶基的不对称硫代磷(膦)酸酯的合成及杀菌活性研究

从二硫代磷酸二乙酯钠盐或O,O-二乙基硫代磷酰氯出发 ,经酯化、去烷基化反应得到相应的硫代或二硫代铵盐 ,分别与 2 -氯 - 5 -氯甲基吡啶反应得产物 2 a～ 2 c。从 O-乙基硫代磷酰二氯或苯基硫代膦酰二氯出发 ,先与取代苯酚或甲胺反应 ,然后与 2 -氯 - 5 -羟甲基吡啶反应得到产物 2 d～ 2 k和 2 m～ 2 u。O-乙基 - S-丙基二硫代磷酰氯、O-乙基硫代磷酰二氯和苯基硫代膦酰二氯与 2 -氯 - 5 -羟甲基吡啶反应分别得产物 2 l、2 v和 2 w。所合成的 2 3个新化合物对9种植物病菌的离体及活体杀菌活性测试表明 ,其中一些化合物对水稻稻瘟病和水稻纹枯病有一定活性 ,个别化合物活性很好 ,但对其它病菌的活性均较低     

1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-二氟甲基-1H-4-吡唑酰胺类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以2,3-二氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,经肼基化、环合、水解和酰氯化反应,生成1-(3-氯-2-吡啶)-5-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰氯(6),(6)与取代基苯胺(7) 反应,制得13个未见文献报道的1-吡啶基吡唑酰胺类目标化合物。利用核磁共振氢谱、质谱(LC-MS)和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。初步杀菌活性测定结果表明,在 50 mg/L下,大部分目标化合物对瓜类炭疽病菌Gibberella zeae、瓜类灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制活性均不高,仅ZJ-10对瓜类灰霉病菌的抑制率达76.03%。     

吡啶类农药成为消费热点

吡啶（pyridine）,化学分子式C5H5N。从结构与性质上分析,吡啶是苯环上含有一个氮原子取代后所形成的六元杂环化合物,通常将吡啶及其衍生物统称为吡啶碱类,主要包括吡啶,2-甲基吡啶、3-甲基吡啶、4-甲基吡啶和2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶，含吡啶环化合物已成为当今农药开发的热点。     

Identification of a host 14-3-3 Protein that Interacts with Xanthomonas effector AvrRxv

AvrRxv is a member of a family of pathogen effectors present in pathogens of both plant and mammalian species. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strains carrying AvrRxv induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in the tomato cultivar Hawaii 7998. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a 14-3-3 protein from tomato that interacts with AvrRxv called AvrRxv Interactor 1 (ARI1). The interaction was confirmed in vitro with affinity chromatography. Using mutagenesis, we identified a 14-3-3-binding domain in AvrRxv and demonstrated that a mutant in that domain showed concomitant loss of interaction with ARI1 and HR-inducing activity in tomato. These results demonstrate that the AvrRxv bacterial effector recruits 14-3-3 proteins for its function within host cells. AvrRxv homologues YopP and YopJ from Yersinia do not have AvrRxv-specific HR-inducing activity when delivered into tomato host cells by Agrobacterium. Although YopP itself cannot induce HR, its C-terminal domain containing the catalytic residues can replace that of AvrRxv in an AvrRxv-YopP chimera for HR-inducing activity. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the sequences encoding the C-termini of family members are evolving independently from those encoding the N-termini. Our results support a model in which there are three functional domains in proteins of the family, translocation, interaction, and catalytic.     

New Mealybug Species Vectoring Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses-1 and -3 (GLRaV-1 and -3)

Many grape viruses, such as filamentous Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in the Closteroviridae family, are spread primarily through infected propagating material. However, there is increasing evidence that leafroll disease are spread in the field by insect vectors, namely mealybugs and other scale insects. This study was carried out in the northern wine-growing regions of France where Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 and -3 (GLRaV-1 and -3) are the most widespread grape Ampelovirus species. The vineyards were inspected for presence of mealybug and scale insects and grapes infected by GLRaV-1 and -3. Mealybugs, Heliococcus bohemicus, Phenacoccus aceris (Pseudococcidae) and the soft scale insect Parthenolecanium corni (Coccidae), were capable of a transmission efficiency of 14%, 23% and 29% respectively. GLRaV-1 and -3 infections that resulted from virus transmission were confirmed with DAS-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies. This is the first report of GLRaV-1 and -3 transmission by mealybug and coccid species in France, and the first report of the ability of H. bohemicus and Phenacoccus aceris to transmit these viruses to grapevines. The relevance of these findings with regards to maintenance of virus-free grapevine stocks and to control leafroll spread in commercial vineyards is discussed.     

水稻干尖线虫14-3-3(Ab-14-3-3-a)基因克隆与功能分析

水稻干尖线虫是水稻上重要的寄生线虫,严重危害水稻安全生产。14-3-3蛋白调控生物体的细胞代谢、生长发育和逆境适应等一系列生物过程。本研究通过c DNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)分离获得了一个水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)14-3-3基因,命名为Ab-14-3-3-a。Ab-14-3-3-a全长c DNA序列含有59 bp的5'非翻译区(UTR)、编码251个氨基酸756 bp的开放阅读框。Ab-14-3-3-a DNA序列包含4个外显子和3个内含子。Ab-14-3-3-a蛋白与其他植物寄生线虫14-3-3蛋白氨基酸序列高度相似,系统发育树显示与植物寄生线虫位于同一进化分支。原位杂交显示Ab-14-3-3-a特异定位于成虫的背食道腺细胞中,表明其在线虫取食和寄生过程中发挥潜在功能。qRT-PCR显示,Ab-14-3-3-a在水稻干尖线虫各个龄期均表达,其中在成虫表达水平最高,而在发育过程中幼虫表达水平最低。当线虫取食不同寄主时,Ab-14-3-3-a的表达水平具有差异性,线虫取食感病水稻早期,Ab-14-3-3-a表达水平上升1.5倍,而取食灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)时Ab-14-3-3-a表达可提高数百倍。利用体外RNA干扰技术将Ab-14-3-3-a的表达进行有效抑制,结果显著影响了线虫的产卵、成虫发育以及线虫种群数量。综上,Ab-14-3-3-a参与调控水稻干尖线虫的取食行为和发育进程。本研究相关结果有助于拓展植物寄生线虫14-3-3蛋白功能,为深入研究线虫与植物互作机制提供了理论依据。     

A stereoselective versatile synthesis of 3-(2,2- dihalovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids

A straightforward high-yield synthesis of cis-3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylic acids is described which uses only inexpensive starting materials and reagents. The synthesis of these acids, involving a [2+2]-cyclo-addition of halogenated ketenes with 2-methylpropene and two rearrangements (the ?cine’? and the Favorskii rearrangements) as the key steps, exemplifies the conceptually new synthesis.     

2-[4-(对氟苯基)噻唑-2-基]-3-羟基-3-烃氧基丙烯腈的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻找生物活性良好的噻唑基丙烯腈类化合物,利用2-氰甲基-4-(对氟苯基)噻唑( 3 )与取代氯甲酸酯( 4 )在碱存在下反应,合成了15个未见文献报道的2- -3-羟基-3-烃氧基丙烯腈化合物( 5 ),其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱和元素分析表征。初步杀菌活性测试结果表明:所有化合物在试验浓度下均具有一定的抑菌活性,尤其对炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gossypii表现出较好的抑制活性,在质量浓度25 mg/L下,所有化合物的抑制率均在50%以上,其中化合物 5a、5e、5g、5k、5n和5o 的抑制率在80%以上。     

The synthesis of 3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-1- methylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-1-methylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, a metabolite of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin, has been synthesised as a mixture of isomers, in four stages, in high overall yield.     

丹皮酚衍生物——3-羟基-1-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯)-3-(2'-溴苯)-1-丙酮的合成及其抗菌活性

从牡丹根皮中提取丹皮酚,将丹皮酚精制后与2-溴苯甲醛在室温及碱催化下发生亲核加成反应,生成一种丹皮酚衍生物——3-羟基-1-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯)-3-(2'-溴苯)-1-丙酮,产率为78.6%,其结构用紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)及核磁共振谱(NMR),结合元素分析等进行表征。单晶X-衍射(X-ray diffraction)测定结果表明:该晶体属单斜晶系;P2(1)/n空间群;晶胞参数:a=0.99380(15) nm,b=0.80617(12) nm,c=1.9251(3) nm,α=90.0(2)°,β=103.287(2)°,γ=90(2)°,V=1.5010(4) nm3,Dc=1.554 mg/cm3, μ=2.751 mm-1,F(000)=712,Z=4,R1=0.0290,ωR2=0.0660,R(int)=0.0322。该丹皮酚衍生物具有抗菌活性,对植物源真菌油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.36和0.48 g/L,对病源细菌福氏志贺菌Shigella flexneri 51065和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus ATTCC25925的MIC分别为0.02和0.06 g/L。     

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Some New 3-[4(3H)-Quinazolinone-2-(yl)thiomethyl]-1,2,4- triazole-5-thiols

A series of 14 new 3-[4(3H)-quinazolinone-2-(yl)thiomethyl]-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, [¹H] NMR and mass spectral data. Four of the compounds showed insecticidal activity equivalent to that of malathion against the adult stage of the blow fly (Chrysomyia albiceps). However, their activity against the larval stages of this insect species was considerably weaker.     

Synthesis and plant growth regulating properties of derivatives of alkyl 3-benzoyl-3-(3-chloro-4-substituted phenyl)-2-methylcarbazates

Alkyl 3-benzoyl-3-(3-chloro-4-substituted-phenyl)-2-methylcarbazates (isoelectronic analogues of wild oat herbicides) have plant growth regulating properties for various weeds and crops. Some derivatives of carbazates, bearing halogen in the 4-position of the phenyl group, have been shown to have the highest activity of the prepared compounds.