改进试管凝集试验法检测布鲁氏菌病抗体

为证实改进的试管凝集试验（SAT）的使用价值,分别用微量试管凝集试验（MSAT）和SAT以国际标准血清为参比检测6份牛布鲁氏菌病阳性血清的抗体效价。结果表明：MSAT和SAT试验结果一致,而且MSAT具有稀释方法更简便、精确,省时省力,可节约血清、抗原等试验原材料,试验结果容易判定,重现性良好等优越性。     

Direct agglutination test for Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a small protozoan parasite in the phylum Microspora. It has been shown to naturally infect several host species, including humans. Infection with microsporidia is usually asymptomatic, except in young or immunocompromised hosts. Currently, serological diagnosis of infection is made using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although these methods are sensitive and reliable, there are several drawbacks to the IFA and ELISA tests. Cross-reactivity between other Encephalitozoon species is common, and specialized equipment is required to conduct these tests. This paper reports the development of a direct agglutination test for detecting IgG antibodies to E. cuniculi. The utility of the agglutination test was examined in CD-1 and C3H/He mice infected with E. cuniculi or one of 2 other Encephalitozoon species. Test sera were incubated overnight with eosin-stained microsporidia spores in round-bottom microtiter plates. In positive samples, agglutination of spores with antibodies in test sera resulted in an opaque mat spread across the well. The results indicate that the agglutination test is 86% sensitive and 98% specific for E. cuniculi, with limited cross-reactivity to Encephalitozoon intestinalis. No cross-reactivity to Encephalitozoon hellem was observed. The test is fast and easy to conduct, and species-specific antibodies are not required.     

Lectin agglutination of thermophilic Campylobacter species

Agglutination tests with lectins indicated differences in the surface composition of strains of the thermophilic (optimum temperature 42 degrees C) Campylobacter species C. coli, C. faecalis, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni and C. laridis. All strains examined were agglutinated by the protein-reactive agglutinins of Mangifera indica (mango) and Persea americana (avocado) and a large proportion was also agglutinated by the carbohydrate-reactive lectins of Canavalia ensiformis (Jack bean) and Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ). Reactions with other lectins varied widely between strains, even of the same species and serotype. Lectin agglutination may be useful as a supplementary procedure for characterizing individual Campylobacter isolates for epidemiological purposes.     

Heparin-induced agglutination of erythrocytes in horses

Heparin was administered subcutaneously 2 times a day for 4 days to 5 horses. An additional group of 5 horses was used as time-matched controls. Significant decreases in PCV, erythrocyte count, and hemoglobin concentration were observed during heparin therapy. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the heparin-treated horses increased to a peak value of 66.1 fl on the last day of treatment. Erythrocyte creatine concentration and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased moderately during the treatment. These data indicated that the rapid, profound increase in MCV during heparin therapy was not primarily a result of release of large immature erythrocytes from the bone marrow. A second experiment was subsequently performed, using 3 horses. These horses were given heparin 2 times a day, as was done in the first experiment. Saline wet mounts of erythrocyte suspensions were examined once a day for the presence of agglutination. Cell suspensions were examined with or without exposure to a dilute trypsin solution, and erythrocyte counts were done on each suspension, using an electronic cell counter. Agglutination of erythrocytes was evident on the first day of treatment and became more pronounced as treatment progressed. Exposure to trypsin solution reversed the agglutination. The apparent erythrocyte count decreased and MCV increased sharply in the samples processed normally, but there was little change in those suspensions exposed to trypsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Latex agglutination test for canine parvovirus

Canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected in faeces from dogs with diarrhoea by a specific slide agglutination test using latex particles coated with anti-CPV monoclonal antibody (LA-anti-CPV). The agglutination of LA-anti-CPV with CPV on a glass slide was evident macroscopically within 2 min. The sensitivity of the latex agglutination (LA) test was similar to that of the hemagglutination test. The LA test is available for the rapid diagnosis of CPV infection at an animal hospital.     

Canine-specific tail-in,head-out sperm agglutination

An interesting pattern of tail-in, head-out sperm agglutination was identified in a Brucella canis seronegative subfertile dog. Centrifuged seminal plasma from this dog could induce a similar pattern of agglutination in six other dogs, but not in ejaculates from a single stallion and two rams. The agglutination pattern was short-lived and appeared to depend on motility of spermatozoa, although intensity of agglutination may have been affected by concentration of agglutinating factor.     

Classification of Bacteroides nodosus by agglutination tests

One thousand two hundred and sixty seven isolates of Bacteroides nodosus from 292 sheep in 58 flocks were examined. Of these, 1260 could be classified by slide agglutination into 8 serogroups designated A to H. Up to 6 serogroups were detected in individual flocks, with up to 4 serogroups being detected in a single foot. Of the 292 sheep examined, 38 (13%) carried mixed serogroup infections. Determination of the range of serological types infecting a flock frequently required the examination of a number of isolates from each of a number of sheep. Cross-tube agglutination tests carried out on 44 isolates and their antiserums indicated that members of some serogroups could be divisible into subgroups or serotypes. These results suggested that 16 or more serotypes of B. nodosus might exist. The nature of the antigens responsible for both slide and tube agglutination reactions needs to be determined.     

牛、羊布鲁氏菌病试管凝集试验与微量凝集试验检测方法的比较

血清学检测方法因其快速、安全、高效等特点被广泛应用于布鲁氏菌病的检测和诊断。本文通过对保存的226份牛、羊血清样品同时使用试管凝集法与微量凝集试验进行检测并比较分析其在诊断中的意义。结果显示,微量法与试管法两者的符合率为97.79%,两种检测方法无统计学差异。但微量法的阳性检出率要高于试管法,同时由于微量法具有操作简便、快捷及结果判定更为直观、简单等优点,因此,微量凝集试验更适宜在我国基层布鲁氏菌病大量样本监测、诊断中推广应用。