广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山昆虫名录(VI)

本文报道广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山管理站所辖林区半翅目蝽科1种,鞘翅目豉甲科7种、瓢虫科1种,鳞翅目螟蛾科48种,双翅目虻科1种、寄蝇科35种,膜翅目蚁科41种,共134种。     

脊软木甲的形态特征和生物学特性

河北出入境检验检疫局京唐港办事处检验检疫工作人员在进境美国原木中截获了一种铁定甲虫---脊软木甲Phellopsis porcata Leconte，经确认，为我国首次截获。描述脊软木甲的分类地位、世界分布、形态特征、生物学特性等，同时提供软木甲属已知种类检索表，为今后植物检疫和昆虫鉴定工作提供借鉴。     

大步甲的分子系统与进化模式

大步甲主要分布于北半球,全世界大约有1000余种。因大步甲后翅退化,不能飞行,其移动能力和扩散范围都受到很大程度的限制,因此,容易产生地理隔离和遗传分化,从而成为研究物种分化和生物多样化的好材料。近年来,通过对大步甲分子系统的详细研究,不仅很大程度上解明了大步甲各分类群间的系统发育关系,而且对大步甲的系统演化过程和形态进化模式也有了较深的理解,获得了很多重要的见解。在此做一个简单的综述。     

入侵种喜旱莲子草——主要天敌昆虫

喜旱莲子草是一种水陆两栖的重要入侵杂草,中国首批16种重要入侵物种之一。本文介绍了生物防治喜旱莲子草的天敌昆虫莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygophila、Vogtia malli、Amynothrips anderso- ni、阿根廷跳甲Disonycha argentinensis、Systena nitentula和虾钳菜披龟甲Cassida piperata等天敌的分类地位、形态特征、生物学、生态学特性以及国内外寄主专一性研究、释放效果与评价。     

甲黄隆对水稻幼苗的安全性研究

本文研究了甲黄隆对水稻不同品种及幼苗不同生育阶段的安全性。结果表明,水稻不同品种对甲黄隆的敏感性表现较大差异,仅协优10号耐药性最强,IC50值为9．608mg／Kg;其次为黑宝、威优77和汕优63;赣早籼31号最敏感,IC50值为0．008mg／Kg。水稻幼苗以芽期对甲黄隆最敏感,依次为一心潮和一叶一心期。     

葛藤天敌紫茎甲幼虫空间分布研究

本文研究了葛藤天敌紫茎甲Sagra femorata Lichtenstein的空间水平分布和垂直分布，结果表明：(1)紫茎甲幼虫在水平呈聚集分布，基本成分是个体群，且具聚集度对密度的依赖性，幼虫田间理论抽样公式N=(3．3401／M^ 0．5147])／D^2；(2)紫茎甲幼虫垂直分布符合负二项分布和核心分布。     

跳甲聚集信息素的合成研究进展

跳甲是危害蔬菜、水果、谷物等农作物的重要害虫.跳甲聚集信息素的化学成分包括14种倍半萜类化合物和6种不饱和醛类化合物,可用于跳甲诱集与种群监测,在害虫绿色防控方面极具发展前景.本文首先按手性中心的构建方法,包括手性源法、手性诱导法与不对称催化法,详细阐述了倍半萜类跳甲聚集信息素的合成方法;然后依据碳碳双键的合成方法分类...     

气调胁迫下3种中药材储藏期害虫

研究了药材甲（Stegobium paniceum）、烟草甲（Lasioderma serricorne）和咖啡豆象（Araecerusfasciculatus）3种中药材储藏期害虫谷胱甘肽转移酶的酶活性,探讨了该酶在CO2气调胁迫下的应激反应。结果表明,药材甲、烟草甲和咖啡豆象的谷胱甘肽转移酶比活力分别为（0．3392±0．0155）、（0．9660±0．2593）nmol／（min·mg）和（O．3702±0．0328）nmol／（min·mg）。CO2气调对3种昆虫GSTs的影响研究结果表明,在CO2气调处理3、6、9h时,药材甲、烟草甲和咖啡豆象成虫的GSTs酶比活力均有一定程度的升高。可见,CO2气调亚致死处理对3种实验昆虫GSTs有一定的诱导激活作用。研究结果对于储藏物害虫气调杀虫机制的分析有指导意义。     

坡度图在黄土高原土地利用遥感信息提取中的应用

黄土高原地形破碎,基于地物光谱特征的计算机分类往往不能满足精度需求,必须依靠由地理信息系统提供的辅助数据来提高分类精度。本文在遥感图像处理软件ERDAS IMAGINE的支撑下,利用监督分类方法研究了坡度图在土地利用信息提取中的应用。结果表明,坡度图辅助土地利用信息提取能获得较好的效果,其总精度提高了16．41％。     

氧氟·甲戊灵34％悬浮剂的研制

本文对氧氟·甲戊灵34％悬浮剂的配方进行了研究,对润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂等进行了筛选,确定了配制方法和较佳配方组成。试验结果表明：该配方产品质量稳定．各项指标和贮存稳定性符合悬浮剂的要求。     

基于Taxokeys的小蠹科昆虫辅助鉴定多媒体专家系统的构建

本文以检疫工作中所涉及的小蠹科昆虫辅助鉴定多媒体专家系统的构建过程为例，详细介绍了基于Taxokeys的昆虫辅助鉴定多媒体专家系统的构建方法，包括开发方法的选择，开发工具的选择，以及整个系统的开发过程；并在开发过程中对原平台系统进行了改进，使平台更适合于昆虫学专家以及口岸一线从事植物检疫的人员来构建辅助鉴定多媒体专家系统。     

The potential and prospects of proximal remote sensing of arthropod pests

Bench‐top or proximal remote sensing applications are widely used as part of quality control and machine vision systems in commercial operations. In addition, these technologies are becoming increasingly important in insect systematics and studies of insect physiology and pest management. This paper provides a review and discussion of how proximal remote sensing may contribute valuable quantitative information regarding identification of species, assessment of insect responses to insecticides, insect host responses to parasitoids and performance of biological control agents. The future role of proximal remote sensing is discussed as an exciting path for novel paths of multidisciplinary research among entomologists and scientists from a wide range of other disciplines, including image processing engineers, medical engineers, research pharmacists and computer scientists. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆列当种类、危害与防治现状

列当是一种根部全寄生恶性杂草,影响作物生长,对农业生产造成了巨大破坏。目前,列当防治措施主要包括轮作、种植诱捕作物、化学防治等,但尚无适用于大部分地区及作物的有效防治措施。本文综述了新疆列当种类、寄生特点、危害和目前采取的防治措施,并对列当的萌发刺激物、防治机理和化学除草剂在大田应用提出展望,以期为新疆相关防治工作提供参考。     

外来植物薇甘菊的开发利用前景

薇甘菊是一种危害极大的外来入侵植物,近年来薇甘菊防控技术与途径的研究成为薇甘菊研究的热点,但薇甘菊作为一种生物资源也一直受到关注.从薇甘菊在害虫防治、病原微生物防治、生态环境影响以及其他应用等方面进行了详细介绍,并对薇甘菊的开发利用前景进行探讨与展望,以开拓薇甘菊防治的新思路.     

Progress in research on resistance in arthropods

This is a short review of the history of the extensive research on resistance in the post-DDT era, in relation to advancing experimental technique. The subject began as a serious concern to applied entomologists only, gradually involved other disciplines, notably genetics and biochemistry; and the inherent interest and challenge of the problem attracted the attention of experts in these fields. It will be convenient to divide the 25 years involved into three periods: the years up to 1952, the decade 1953-62 and the decade 1963-72. The various types of investigation can be categorised as: (1) detection and measurement, (2) genetic studies, (3) primary toxicology and (4) biochemical toxicology.     

纳米载导RNAi技术在害虫防治中的研究和应用

每年重大病虫害的流行和暴发都会对农业产生重大的影响，进而造成严重的经济损失，随着化学试剂的施用其抗药性也逐渐增强，因此探索新的绿色、安全、高效的害虫防治技术具有十分重要的意义。RNAi作为一种研究基因功能的工具，在开发新的害虫防治策略方面显示出巨大的潜力，但RNAi的效率受限于核酸酶的降解作用，为了改善dsRNA的有效递送，研发了纳米载导技术且被广泛应用于害虫防治。同时，基于工程菌高效合成靶向昆虫dsRNA的技术为田间推广提供了可行性及技术支撑。本文主要对RNAi技术及纳米载导RNAi技术在害虫防治中的研究和应用进行了总结和归纳。     

生姜对南方根结线虫侵染的生理生化反应

 本试验就生姜感染南方根结线虫后几种生理生化指标的变化进行了研究.结果表明,接种南方根结线虫后,生姜体内各种生理生化指标主要在初次侵染前期和二次侵染前期表现出一定的反应,其余时间则基本丧失这种反应,且生姜不同部位对南方根结线虫侵染的反应程度也有很大差异,以叶片的反应最为剧烈,根系次之,根茎反应最弱.结合南方根结线虫的生活周期,本文提出了生姜对南方根结线虫的生理生化反应主要表现在侵染初期,对再次侵染则部分丧失敏感性的论点.     

Impact of tricyclazole and azoxystrobin on growth,sporulation and secondary infection of the rice blast fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae

BACKGROUND: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch sp. nov., is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide, causing substantial yield losses every year. In Italy, its management is based mainly on the use of two fungicides, azoxystrobin and tricyclazole, that restrain the disease progress. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of the two fungicides on the growth, sporulation and secondary infection of M. oryzae. RESULTS: Magnaporthe oryzae mycelium growth was inhibited at low concentrations of azoxystrobin and relatively high concentrations of tricyclazole, while sporulation was more sensitive to both fungicides and was affected at similarly low doses. Furthermore, infection efficiency of conidia obtained from mycelia exposed to tricyclazole was affected to a higher extent than for conidia produced on azoxystrobin‐amended media, even though germination of such conidia was reduced after azoxystrobin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents for the first time detailed azoxystrobin and tricyclazole growth–response curves for M. oryzae mycelium growth and sporulation. Furthermore, high efficacy of tricyclazole towards inhibition of sporulation and secondary infection indicates an additional possible mode of action of this fungicide that is different from inhibition of melanin biosynthesis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evolving strategies for biological control of weeds with plant pathogens

Current biological control strategies involve the use of exotic or native biocontrol agents, proven to be host-specific and lethal. This is a successful field of endeavor, attractive lo a large cadre of entomologists and a few plant pathologists. The main limitation is that each weed species must be attacked by a separate host-specific agent and these organisms are not always lethal. Only by using a radical paradigm shift can we reach a new strategy of biocontrol. In this strategy, lethal, broad host-range pathogens are genetically modified to permit their safe release. Either they are rendered host-specific or they are given a chemical dependency that prevents their spread or long-term survival. This genetic-manipulative approach offers numerous and diverse scenarios for biocontrol. Host-specific promoters or toxins, host-dependency by multiple auxotrophy, or mutants dependent on specific environmental conditions are all approaches that lend themselves to genetic modification. Such self-delimiting pathogens may have the advantage of repeated marketability, environmental safely and multiple target weeds.