八大关街区嘉峪关紫荆关交口公共绿地景观探究

八大关景观形态的基本构成,是八大关整体形态特征的重要组成部分。本文侧重针对八大关别墅区具有代表性的典型块状公共绿地——嘉峪关路紫荆关路绿地进行调研考察,结合景观形态对青岛城市肌理的影响进行深入分析,在一定程度上为现今的居住绿地尤其是别墅区附属绿地提供借鉴。     

地域文化在城市公园景观设计中的表达与研究

城市公园作为城市公共绿地的重要组成部分,既是当地居民主要的休闲娱乐场所,又能调节当地的生态环境,是对外展示城市形象的窗口。当前随着城市的快速发展,城市公园景观的创新性明显不足,把地域文化作为设计灵感运用到城市公园景观设计中,既能够提升城市公园景观特色,满足人民日益增长的精神追求和使用需求;又能让城市公园作为表达载体,把无形的地域文化展现在公众面前,有助于地域文化的传承,增强公园的文化底蕴。本文主要对地域文化在城市公园景观设计中的表达进行研究,希望能为今后城市公园景观设计提供一点儿新的思路。     

城市道路园林景观施工探讨——以新兴县新洲大道及广兴大道绿化景观工程为例

21世纪是社会快速发展的时代,人们对绿化美化环境的要求越来越高,城市环境问题也受到了越来越多人的关注,尤其是城市道路景观建设的好坏,直接影响了城市的整体形象和城市绿化环境。道路绿地就像一个绿色纽带,将市区内外的公共绿地、居住区绿地、专用绿地、风景游览绿地等各类绿地串联起来,形成一个完整的绿地系统网络。针对新兴县新洲大道及广兴大道绿化景观工程,从我国城市道路景观建设的主要问题出发,探讨城市道路景观建设的内容、类型和应遵循的原则。     

融历史于现代的景观空间建构——菏泽市环堤公园的规划设计

城市公园绿地是城市景观空间的精华所在,结合具有地方特色的历史文化和独有的地域文化与景观,构成地区的标志性景观,是避免当下城市景观空间规划设计中千篇一律的有效措施。     

城市公园景观建设中的生态问题探讨

随着近年来我国城市化进程的不断发展,人们对于城市生活的质量要求也越来越高,因此,我国各大城市的公园绿地建设的标准也越来越高。在实际的城市公园景观建设中,要注重建设生态型景观。可有效提升城市景观形象、城市生态环境和城市居民的生活质量,但目前城市公园景观建设中,还没有与生态规划设计建立有效的联系,本文就城市公园景观建设中的生态问题进行有效的分析和探讨。     

城市街头绿地的重要性——人为景观同自然景观的互补对应

城市街头绿地建设在城市绿化建设中意义非凡。它既能美化城市环境、又能够改善城市的生态环境。街头绿地主要是城市公共绿地建设的一部分,一般分布在城市街头,因此具有分布广、占地少的特点。抓好街头绿地建设,将人为景观与自然景观互补对应,可以充分展现出城市间不同的文化底蕴。     

北京城市公园边界空间宽度对小气候环境的调节作用研究

城市小气候是风景园林规划与设计中直接与人居生活相关的部分,本文基于课题研究,在夏季选取北京地区4个城市公园为例,对城市公园边界不同宽度下的温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物、负阳离子浓度进行实际测量,分析实测数据,探究边界宽度对上述4种气候因子的关联性与影响程度,结果表明,随着边界宽度的增加,温度、可吸入颗粒物会有所降低,湿度、负氧离子浓度反之升高。由此看出,公园绿地边界宽度对小气候具有调节作用,可以为城市公共绿地建设提供一定建议。     

江苏沭阳县城市公园植物配置美景度评价

城市公园是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,合理的植物景观建设对城市环境具有重要贡献,植物景观的美学质量研究对提升城市公园绿地建设有重要意义。文章依据江苏省沭阳县城市公园的建成时间、区位、类型,选择具有代表性的虞姬公园和南湖公园作为研究样本,以公园中典型的30个植物景观作为研究对象,运用美景度评判法对其进行评价。结果显示:按照SBE平均值排列不同功能分区的植物景观,从低到高依次是安静休息区(1.128573)、儿童游乐区(4.149060)、入口集散区(4.944290)、文化教育区(9.158180)、观赏游览区(21.399982)、滨水游憩区(34.794371);分别从配置模式、生长状况、植物景观的季相变化等方面进行分析,得出影响植物配置美景度的因子,以及不同功能分区人们喜欢的植物配置模式,进而提出提高美景度的方法。     

浅谈苏州何山公园植物配置与应用

城市公园在人们的日常生活中扮演着十分重要的角色,反映了一个城市的文化、历史、人文情况,具有重要的历史价值,正是有了这些城市公园,整个城市才变得更加有文化魅力。园林植物、地形、水体、建筑小品组成了城市公园中的各类美景,园林植物创造的景观在其中具有举足轻重的地位。因此,在各类园林绿地中,如何很好地体现植物的观赏效果和艺术价值,选择合适的园林植物并进行合理的配置,在园林规划设计中起着重要的决定作用。通过对苏州何山公园的植物配置以及应用形式的研究,探讨公园绿地的植物景观营造模式。     

桂林虞山公园对城市文化的传承与发展

城市公园绿地不仅仅是城市的游憩场所与生态空间,也是一个城市的文化传承场所。文化是景观的灵魂,城市公园必须充分挖掘、融合并传承城市的历史文化元素。本文以桂林虞山公园为个例,通过对广西桂林市的城市文化元素的阐述与分析,浅述了虞山公园对当地历史文化传承的作用与方式。     

Urban wild food foraging locations: Understanding selection criteria to inform green space planning and management

Urban wild food foraging is increasingly attracting attention as an activity in urban green spaces that encourages urban residents’ interaction with their natural environment. However, little is known about the criteria influencing urban foragers’ selection of foraging locations that could inform urban green space management and planning to encourage urban foraging. To elicit these criteria, we conducted 21 semi-structured expert interviews with urban foraging stakeholders in Vienna, Austria, and analysed the data using qualitative content analysis. The respondents suggested 11 criteria that influence the selection of foraging locations. These are related to spatial factors, management of public urban green spaces and the green space activities of other visitors. However, the respondents reported that urban foragers do not uniformly follow these different criteria, but subjectively assess and apply them depending on the specific locations and the plant materials and mushroom species being targeted. For some foragers, even intensively managed public urban green spaces can offer certain advantages. Thus, urban residents forage in public urban green spaces that have diverse properties and management strategies. We suggest that urban foraging is best supported by biodiversity- and wilderness-friendly green space management that supports access to foraging locations, clear foraging regulations and codes of conduct, and comprehensive information about contamination for urban residents. Implementation of these suggestions would not only benefit urban foraging, but also enhance urban biodiversity and guarantee the multifunctional benefits of public urban green spaces for urban residents and urban nature.     

Global patterns in urban green space are strongly linked to human development and population density

Urban green space is important for alleviating high temperatures, pollution, and flooding in cities. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that urban green space is important for the mental and physical health of humans residing in cities and that urban green space may harbor unique biodiversity. Understanding the extent and drivers of urban green space is thus important. While urban green space has been mapped and studied at local to national scales, the global patterns and drivers of urban green space remain unknown, potentially hampering effective planning and allocation of resources toward reaching sustainable development goals. Here, we quantified the effect of environmental and socio-economic drivers (temperature, precipitation, human development, and population density) on urban green space globally by focusing on national capital cities. We used satellite imagery to map urban green space using two measures: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the fractional cover of “green” land cover classes. NDVI is useful as it includes all vegetated surfaces, also small ones like gardens. However, land cover classes allow the exclusion of certain classes such as sports fields or cropland. We used boosted regression trees to show that climatic variables accounted for 75 % of the relative influence in urban green space, with a positive effect of precipitation and a negative effect of temperature. Importantly, socioeconomic variables accounted for 25 % of the influence on global urban green space, with a positive effect of human development index (HDI) and a negative effect of population density. HDI in relation to urban green space has not previously been tested globally, and our study shows that significantly affects urban greenspace. The results demonstrate that cities where development status is low and population densities are high, typically in the Global South, have less urban green space than the climate would predict. The results therefore suggest that human wellbeing does not only benefit directly from increasing human development and decreasing population densities in urban areas, but that these effects may be compounded by also improving nature’s contribution to people.     

Carbon sinks in urban public green spaces under carbon neutrality: A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

Urban green spaces play essential roles in regulating the global carbon cycle and reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. However, research on the carbon sequestration efficiency of urban public green spaces, which is closely related to the human settlement environment, has not received enough attention. Thus, we systematically analyzed the existing literature in the Web of Science core database using bibliometrics and network analysis combined with the CiteSpace visualization tool. The aim of this review was to elucidate the focus and development trend of research conducted between 2007 and 2022 on carbon sinks in urban public green spaces. Our results demonstrated that: 1) Numbers of related publications are increasing annually, indicating that the subject is receiving increasing global attention. Related research topics primarily focus on two aspects: carbon sink measurement methods and sustainable carbon sink design for urban public green spaces. 2) Methods for measuring and monitoring carbon sinks in the urban public green spaces include sample plot measurement, the assimilation method, the micrometeorological method, the remote sensing (RS) estimation method, and laboratory work. Most methods follow the forestry system approach and lack the methods and techniques to directly assess the carbon sink effectiveness of urban public green spaces. 3) Key factors affecting the carbon sink capacity of urban public green spaces are: plant species selection, plant community structure, green space characteristics, and maintenance management. 4) Future research should focus on encouraging public participation in the design of sustainable carbon sinks in urban public green spaces, advancing biodiversity research on carbon sinks in urban public green spaces, and enhancing the precision of measurements while addressing regional differences. This study contributes to the integration of research on the effectiveness of carbon sinks in urban public green spaces and provides a theoretical reference and guidance reduces prospective urban emission and achieves climate goals.     

城市绿地减灾功能及防灾植物选择

在城市综合防灾减灾体系中，城市绿地占有十分重要的位置。城市绿地是城市规划和建设中的重要组成部分，它不仅具有美化城市环境、净化空气、平衡城市生态系统、为城市居民提供休憩游乐场所等作用，同时，还具有防震、防火、防洪、减轻灾害的功能。详细分析城市绿地在城市综合防灾减灾中的作用，并介绍城市防灾减灾植物的选择。     

Public green spaces and human wellbeing: Mapping the spatial inequity and mismatching status of public green space in the Central City of Shanghai

Public green spaces are fundamental and indispensable to urban settlements, given the diverse social, economic and environmental benefits that they can provide. However, the absence of knowledge regarding the allocation and access status quo consistently hinders the suitability and rationality of follow-up green space planning, which could eventually impair the livability and sustainability of cities. This study evaluates disparities in access to public green space for urban residents and the spatial mismatches among public green space provision, residents’ visits and the demands of socially vulnerable groups within the Central City of Shanghai. The results show that disparities in public green space accessibility exist pertaining to social status and household composition status. Sub-districts with higher social status or larger proportions of family households composed by children and married inhabitants tend to have better public green space access. In contrast, sub-districts with larger proportions of aged or unemployed populations unexpectedly show worse public green space access. To a certain degree, this reduced access can be considered to be an environmental injustice. Additionally, the mismatches among public green space provision, residents’ visits and the demands of socially vulnerable groups are observed to vary in space, indicating potential problems of resource shortage, supply-demand mismatch, underuse and congestion. The findings could offer urban planners and policy-makers insights into optimizing public green space resources and equitably providing proximal public green space to urban residents, especially vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly and the unemployed.     

Private trees contribute uniquely to urban forest diversity,structure and service-based traits

The urban forest provides our communities with a host of benefits through the delivery of ecosystem services. To properly quantify and sustain these benefits, we require a strong baseline understanding of forest structure and diversity. To date, fine-scale work considering urban forest diversity and ecosystem services has often been limited to trees on public land, considering only one or two green space types. However, the governance of urban green spaces means tree species composition is influenced by management decisions at various levels, including by institutions, municipalities, and individual landowners responsible for their care. Using a mixed-method approach combining a traditional field-inventory and community science project, we inventoried urban trees in the residential neighbourhood of Notre-Dame-de-Grȃce, Montreal. We assessed how tree diversity, composition and structure varies across multiple green space types in the public and private domain (parks, institutions, street rights of way and private yards) at multiple scales. We assessed how service-based traits – traits capturing aspects of plant form and functions that urban residents find beneficial – differed across green space types, with implications for the distribution of ecosystem services across the urban landscape. Green space types displayed meaningful differences in tree diversity, structure, and service-based traits. For example, the inclusion of private trees contributed an additional 52 species (>30% of total species) not found in the local public tree inventory. Trees on private land also tended to be smaller than those in the public domain. Beyond patterns of tree richness, size, and abundance we also observed differences in the composition of tree species and service-based traits at site-scales, particularly between street rights-of way and private yards. While species composition varied considerably across street blocks, blocks were very similar to one another in terms of mean service-based traits. Contrastingly, while species composition was similar from yard to yard, yards differed significantly in mean service-based trait values. Our work emphasises that public tree inventories are unlikely to be fully representative of urban forest composition, structure, and benefits, with implications for urban forest management at larger spatial scales.     

The influence of green space on community attachment of urban and suburban residents

Although community attachment and urban green space provide many benefits to local residents, the relationship between them seems to be unknown. The aim of the study was to analyse this relationship. The objective was to investigate the influence of public green space and recreation behaviour on community attachment and explore differences in community attachment between urban and suburban residents of the Vienna region. To a large degree, both study areas border on, and share, the same recreation areas along the Danube River and are subject to urban sprawl. A mail survey was carried out in 2006 to ask local residents (N = 602) about community green space, recreation behaviour, community qualities, ownership of private green space and community attachment. Urban residents showed higher community attachment, valued the community green space higher and perceived a better quality of life in their community than the suburban sample. Regression analysis identified perceived green space supply and qualities, recreation behaviour, and residential variables predicting community attachment. Different predictors were found for the community attachment of the samples, while several public green space-related items were consistent and strong predictors. The study findings suggest that the perceived supply and quality of green space can foster community attachment.     

贵阳市植物景观规划设计探讨

对贵阳市植物景观现状调查分析，强调在城市总体规划中绿地同其它用地一样重要，植物景观规划应是城市绿地系统规划中重要一项。植物景观设计应遵循科学性与艺术性相结合的基本原则，要注重园林植物的形式美和意境美及体现地方文化特色。指出贵阳市植物景观特色的体现重要的一点就是向自然学习，体现植物的最佳适用性，把使用乡土树种、以乔木为主的植物配置从图纸上落实在建设中，以此推行节约型、生态型、可持续发展的园林绿化。最后列出几种宜于贵阳市的植物配置模式以供参考。     

How does enclosed private residential green space impact accessibility equity in urban regions? A case study in Shenzhen,China

Compared with public parks, residential quarter green space (RQGS) is a type of enclosed private green space that is located in residential areas and has higher visit frequency. Generally, in China residential areas with high housing prices have higher quality and more quantity of RQGS. Therefore, the differences in RQGS between residents with different socio-economic status may influence the equity of urban green space accessibility. However, due to the lack of data sources, few existing studies have taken RQGS into account as a part of urban green space supply resources. Based on multi-source geographic big data, this paper takes Shenzhen as the research area to explore the impact of RQGS on the spatial pattern and fair distribution of green space accessibility. The total green space accessibility (TGSA), which includes the accessibility of RQGS, and the public park accessibility (PPA) were calculated using the Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA). Using housing prices to indicate the income level of dwellers, bivariate Moran’s I and multiple regression were adopted to explore equity of urban green space accessibility. The main conclusions were: (1) The accessibility of green space increased by 27.97% on average after considering RQGS and ignoring RQGS could underestimate the accessibility of green space, particularly in the residential quarter with high housing prices near the city center. (2) The regression coefficients of housing prices with PPA and TGSA were 0.042 (p < 0.01) and 0.160 (p < 0.001), respectively, indicating that the advantages of high-income groups in RQGS may further exacerbate the inequity of urban green space accessibility. The research conclusions may provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial structure of green space in urban areas and ensuring the equitable distribution of green space.     

Effect of urban green patterns on surface urban cool islands and its seasonal variations

Urban green spaces often form urban cool islands (UCIs), which are important for human health and urban sustainability. Previous studies have emphasized the cooling effects of urban green spaces on their surrounding areas at landscape level. Less attention, however, has been directed to effects of urban green space patterns on their own UCIs at patch level. In this study, we focused on the effects of spatial patterns of urban green patches on their own surface UCIs. The urban green spaces of Beijing, China, were extracted from one QuickBird image and were classified as Trees, Shrubs, Grass, Crops, River and Lake. Land surface temperatures (LSTs) were derived from four Landsat images, each in one season. The UCI was represented by the minimum LST of each urban green patch. Results showed spatial patterns of urban green patches had significant effects on their UCIs in four seasons. In detail, the size, edge and connectivity of urban green spaces all affected the UCIs negatively, and the influence was stronger in warm seasons. Shape of urban green space also had effects on UCIs, but the effects were stronger in cool seasons. Great differences were found between predictive values of metrics for different green types. Shape metrics were more important for indicating UCIs of River, Trees and Crops than were patch size and connectivity. However, patch size and connectivity metrics were more effective in determining UCIs of Shrubs, Grass and Lake than were shape metrics. Further, among shape metrics, only shape index was a good indicator of UCIs. The results of this study suggest that a combination of specific urban green types and pattern metrics are a prerequisite for analyzing the influence of urban green patterns on UCIs and for urban green design.