Key Technology of Intelligent Transportation System-Electronic Map

It's recognized that Automobile Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the most effective method to solve the modern traffic problems. ITS is the direction 21st century traffic goes on. It will stimulate more environmental protection, more effective and safer traffic and transport. Electronic Map (EM) plays a very important role on ITS. And it influences the success of ITS directly. The basic conception of EM, functions of EM on ITS, the characteristics of EM in ITS and the ways to get the information of EM are introduced.     

Frequency Shift of Proca Light Caused by a Single Polarized Linearized Gravitational Wave

When light spreads in gravitational wave, its frequency is changed. Usually considering frequency gravitational shift, the rest mass of the photon is neglected. According to Proca equations of weight electromagnetic wave the authors investigate the Frequency shift of Proca light. The results of numerical estimation show that frequency shift of the photon has a small change when considering the rest mass of the photon and it is not detected at present experimental condition.     

EM菌在水产养殖中的应用概述

为了能改善水质、渔业增殖和修复生态环境,EM菌的应用得到了广泛的关注,成为近几年研究的热点。鉴于此,本研究系统梳理了EM菌的定义及来源,综述了国内外近几十年EM菌在水产养殖中的作用效果及其作用机理,阐述了影响EM菌作用效果的因素等;发现EM菌在调控微生物生态结构、降低水环境中有害物质、提高免疫、增重增产等方面有着显著的效果,但EM菌技术的基础理论研究还比较薄弱,且生产技术及应用过程等还存在着不足。因此今后应提高生产技术,建立和提高筛选系统,并开发EM菌在水产养殖研究和应用的新领域,为水产养殖创造更大的经济价值,并为可持续养殖提供可能。     

日本晴/R1126水稻重组自交系群体粒形性状QTL定位

为阐明大穗型籼稻品系R1126稻谷籽粒性状的遗传机制,以其与粳稻日本晴构建的重组自交系F10为材料,通过连续2年田间种植并测定各株系的籽粒粒长、粒宽和粒厚等表型性状,结合利用SSR和SFP等分子标记构建的遗传图谱,对控制该群体的稻谷粒形性状进行了QTL分析。2年试验共检测到10个控制粒长、粒宽和粒厚性状的QTL,其中q GL3-1、q GL3-2和q GL9这3个粒长QTL,以及q GW2和q GW5这2个粒宽QTL在2年试验中能被重复检测;而粒厚性状在2年试验中检测到5个QTL,但均只在1年试验中出现。根据连锁的分子标记信息,q GL3-2、q GW2和q GW5可能分别与已报道的主要粒形基因GS3、GW2和GW5等位;而q GL3-1和q GL9可能为新的粒长QTL,且在2年试验中具有很好的重演性和稳定性,两者的加性效应均能使粒长增加0.2 mm以上,对于改善稻谷外观品质性状具有较好的潜在应用价值。     

QTL analysis for grain weight in common wheat

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for grain weight (GW = 1000 grain weight) in common wheat was conducted using a set of 100 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross ‘Rye Selection 111 (high GW) × Chinese Spring (low GW)’. The RILs and their two parental genotypes were evaluated for GW in six different environments (three locations × two years). Genotyping of RILs was carried out using 449 (30 SSRs, 299 AFLP and 120 SAMPL) polymorphic markers. Using the genotyping data of RILs, framework linkage maps were prepared for three chromosomes (1A, 2B, 7A), which were earlier identified by us to carry important/major genes for GW following monosomic analysis. QTL analysis for GW was conducted following genome-wide single marker regression analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM) using molecular maps for the three chromosomes. Following SMA, 12 markers showed associations with GW, individual markers explaining 6.57% to 10.76% PV (phenotypic variation) for GW in individual environments. The high grain weight parent, Rye Selection111, which is an agronomically superior genotype, contributed favourable alleles for GW at six of the 12 marker loci identified through SMA. The CIM identified two stable and definitive QTLs, one each on chromosome arms 2BS and 7AS, which were also identified through SMA, and a third suggestive QTL on 1AS. These QTLs explained 9.06% to 19.85% PV for GW in different environments. The QTL for GW on 7AS is co-located with a QTL for heading date suggesting the occurrence of a QTL having a positive pleiotropic effect on the two traits. Some of the markers identified during the present study may prove useful for marker-assisted selection, while breeding for high GW in common wheat.     

利用4个姊妹近等基因群体定位水稻粒重和粒形QTL

粒重是决定水稻产量的三要素之一。利用世界上粒重最大的品种之一SLG-1(供体亲本)与小粒品种日本晴(Nipponbare,轮回亲本)杂交,在各回交世代选择粒重较大单株与日本晴回交,构建水稻粒重和粒形的姊妹近等基因系(SNILs)。对获得的73 株BC₄F₁单株进行粒重频率分布统计,选择粒重频率分布在4个峰值处的代表性单株,自交获得4个BC₄F₂ SNILs群体。利用BSA法(分离群体分组混合分析法),从均匀分布在水稻染色体上的1 513对SSR标记中筛选出与粒重和粒形相关的多态性标记19对,以LOD≥2.5作为选择阈值,对粒重、粒长、粒宽和粒厚进行QTL扫描,共检测到6个区域的12个QTL,贡献率从7.22%到53.38%。这些QTL所在区域包含已克隆的粒长GS3和粒宽GW2,也包含没有精细定位的第2染色体的RM6318-RM1367、第3染色体的RM5477–RM6417和第6染色体的RM3370–RM1161等3个区域控制粒重和粒形的5个QTL。其中第3染色体上RM5477–RM6417区间存在粒形贡献率较大的新的QTL。构建含有这些粒重QTL的姊妹近等基因系,为进一步精细定位或克隆新的粒重或粒形QTL奠定了基础。     

Wind-induced Response Analysis on a Large-span Membrane Roof by Considering Non-gaussian Stochastic Wind Pressure Field

The stochastic fluctuating wind pressure field acting on a large-span membrane roof consists of Gaussian and non-Gaussian regions in the sense of statistics. Simulation of this stochastic field is presented based on the zero memory nonlinearity (ZMNL) transformation method. A case study is then given to show that the stochastic wind pressure field samples generated by the proposed method can well represent the specified statistical characteristics of data from the wind tunnel experiment. After that, the wind-induced response analysis is conducted on a membrane roof structure using the Gaussian/non-Gaussian composed wind pressure field samples generated by the proposed method and the Gaussian samples by the traditional method, respectively. Results indicate that response values of some components of the structure induced by the Gaussian samples are lower than those by the Gaussian/non-Gaussian composed wind pressure samples, which means the non-Gaussian characteristics of the stochastic wind pressure should not be ignored. Meanwhile, the total gust response factors of the components caused by the wind excitation are given to meet with the requirement of the designers.     

小麦、玉米粒重动态共性特征及其最佳模型的筛选与应用

为了定量描述小麦、玉米两作物粒重变化共性特征,选用3个冬小麦和4个夏玉米不同熟期型品种进行不同密度的田间试验,对其粒重(GW)动态进行测定,并对GW和灌浆天数进行“归一化”处理得到的3个主要模型进行比较,结果表明,Logistic曲线方程y= a/(1+be^–cx) 具有广泛适应性和生物学意义,具体方程式为y=1.0624/(1+52.8653e^–6.7609x),r=0.9916 (P<0.01)。不同作物、品种、密度处理的方程参数a值基本为1;参数b在密度间变异很小,品种间变幅较大,为45.3379~66.9306;c值在品种和密度间变异均很小,在小麦和玉米间的变幅分别为6.2122~6.8025和7.0199~7.7325。应用本试验及河南焦作高产冬小麦和山东泰安高产夏玉米不同品种的GW试验资料对模型分别进行验证表明,冬小麦和夏玉米的归一化GW动态共性模型的模拟准确度(以k表示),分别为0.9870、1.0057和0.9982、1.0131,精确度(以R²表示)分别为0.9854、0.9918和0.9772、0.9926。说明归一化方法建立的小麦、玉米GW动态共性模型能够准确地反映两作物GW动态共性变化特点。利用该模型,仅根据品种的灌浆期和最大GW,以及参数b值的品种特点,便可还原整个灌浆期的GW动态。计算不同地点、年份及不同品种、密度处理的冬小麦、夏玉米灌浆前、中、后期的GW模拟值与测量值均比较接近,误差小于0.2797。     

Energy-momentum Tensor of Electromagnetic Field Outside Neutron Star With Magnetic Moment

The energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic field outside the neutron star with magnetic moment is cal-cuated based on the metric tensor and 4-dimmensioal potential outside the spherical symmetric mass with magnetic moment. The numerical calculation and the distributed curve indicate that the electromagnetic energy of the magnetic-dipole will be greater in curved space-time than in Minkowski space-time.     

contact stress and steady thermal analysis of herringbone gears in a gas turbine

To obtain the distribution characteristic of contact stress and the bulk temperature on the surface of herringbone gears, parameter modeling of gears was carried out by parametric design language. A numerical simulation was given to calculate the contact stress field and the steady thermal field by combining heat transfer theory, tribology theory, and mesh theory. The distribution of contact stress, the bulk temperature and heat flux also were analyzed. The analysis results show that the distribution of the load along the contact line possesses regularity. The heat flux along the tooth depth direction decreases first and then increases. The effect of thermal conduction of the tooth is stronger than that of convective heat transfer. The conclusion indicates that the finite element emulation method can be used to estimate the transmission performance of herringbone gears.     

Irreversible Electrical Breakdown of Malignant Tumor Cell Under Steep Pulsed Electric Fields

The basic characteristic of electric field is that the substance in the field is in operation by the stress. Under steep pulsed electric fields, there is strong distribution of electric fields on the inside and outside surfaces of cell membrane. In virtue of the difference of the permittivity among membrane, cytoplasm and extracellular medium, there must be the electric field stress on the surface of the membrane. The calculation results showe that cell membrane is stressed from two directions of cytoplasm and extracellular medium under external electric fields. The stress on tumor cell membrane is greatly larger than normal cell membrane, so the tumor cell is more sensitive than normal cell. Tumor cell membrane certainly will be destroyed by electric field stress, then its survival environment and germ plasm will be injured and accordingly the cell will be damaged.     

基于EM38的玛纳斯县土壤剖面盐分的解译模型构建

大地电导率仪(EM38)是快速无损测定土壤盐分的有效方法。为建立新疆农田土壤EM38测试值与土壤盐分关系模型，以新疆玛纳斯县农田土壤为研究对象，利用EM38在野外实地测定土壤表观电导率，并挖掘土壤剖面进行分层采样，室内测定土壤盐分含量，据此构建基于EM38的土壤盐分解译模型。结果表明：（1）利用土壤实测盐分和EM38电导率数据，分别建立不同土壤深度下EM38垂直模式和水平模式以及两者联用的二元线性回归土壤盐分解译模型。（2）3种EM38盐分解译模型的R2随着土壤深度增加而增加，并且在土壤深度小于20 cm时，垂直模式的解译精度大于水平模式，深度大于20 cm后，解译精度则刚好与之相反。（3）二元线性回归模型的解译精度明显优于一元线性回归模型。本研究所构建的EM38土壤盐分解译模型，将为绿洲农田土壤盐分快速调查和动态监测提供可靠的反演参数和模型。     

Long-term effective microorganisms application promote growth and increase yields and nutrition of wheat in China

An eleven years long-term field experiment for soil fertility and crop yield improvement had been conducted at China Agricultural University's Qu-Zhou experiment station since 1993. The field experiment included three treatments: effective microorganisms (EM) compost treatment; traditional compost treatment; and unfertilized control. The results revealed that long-term application of EM compost gave the highest values for the measured parameters and the lowest values in the control plot. The application of EM in combination with compost significantly increased wheat straw biomass, grain yields, straw and grain nutrition compared with traditional compost and control treatment. Wheat straw biomass, grain yields, straw and grain nutrition were significantly higher in compost soils than in untreated soil. This study indicated that application of EM significantly increased the efficiency of organic nutrient sources.     

基于随机场的岩石边坡三维稳定性分析

基于随机场理论，考虑了岩石材料属性的空间变异性对岩石边坡稳定性的影响，将边坡主滑面上的摩擦系数和粘聚力视为高斯随机变量，确定了主滑面上的摩擦系数和粘聚力的均值、方差和协方差，获得了两个随机量之间的相关系数和互相关长度。在此基础上，对岩石边坡进行了三维稳定性分析，确定了岩石边坡的稳定系数和失效概率。数值计算结果表明，摩擦系数和粘聚力的空间变异性对边坡稳定性有重要影响。     

Application of Fe83Ga17 line to magnetostrictive displacement sensors

The range of magnetostrictive displacement sensors (MDS) is directly determined by the electromagnetic properties of the magnetostrictive line (ML). The small measuring range of domestic MDS is caused by the ML of Fe-Ni. In accordance with the problem,applying the ML of Fe83Ga17to MDS is proposed and the possibility is demonstrated from the point of electromagnetic properties. A magnetic field model based on the fourier analysis and electromagnetic theory is firstly built,which lays a foundation for the research on electromagnetic properties. And then,the distribution of the magnetic field simulated by MATLAB helpful for wiedemann effect is obtained. The feasibility of our scheme is demonstrated by the good effect of echo signal finally.     

稻谷粒形与稻米主要品质性状的关系

以包括籼粳、新老不同的类型92个水稻品种为试材,研究了稻谷粒形性状与品质性状的关系。结果表明,谷粒长与谷粒宽和谷粒厚呈极显著负相关,千粒重与谷粒长、谷粒宽和谷粒厚均呈显著或极显著正相关,千粒重主要由谷粒宽和谷粒厚决定。糙米率、精米率和整精米率与谷粒长、谷粒长宽比和谷粒长厚比呈极显著负相关,与谷粒宽、谷     

水稻淀粉合成代谢相关基因与千粒重QTLs的连锁分析

稻米淀粉的合成和积累是水稻千粒重形成的重要基础之一。在水稻千粒重QTLs定位分析基础上，对本研究克隆的14个水稻胚乳淀粉合成与积累相关基因及已报道的和预测的42个相关基因进行了电子定位分析，比较水稻淀粉合成代谢相关基因与千粒重QTLs的连锁关系。发现有38个基因位点与千粒重QTLs连锁，说明千粒重形成与胚乳淀粉积累与淀粉结构形成代谢密切相关。本研究结果将为进一步研究水稻产量形成的分子机理提供参考。     

水稻粒型和粒重的QTL定位分析

利用以两个籼稻品种H359和Acc8558为亲本杂交建立的重组自交系群体及相应的分子标记连锁图，对水稻粒长、粒宽和粒重进行了QTL定位分析。检测到15个与粒长有关的QTL、17个与粒宽有关的QTL及16个与粒重有关的QTL，它们可分别解释75．91％、76．20％和81．40％的表型变异。其中在5号染色体上检测到1个控制粒宽的主效QTL，可解释26．65％的表型变异。粒长和粒宽之间虽然相关显著，但相关系数很小(r=0．180)。而QTL分析结果也显示，两者的QTL位置很少相同。这说明粒长和粒宽有不同的遗传基础。粒长和粒宽与粒重的相关系数分别为0．781和0．461，直接通径系数分别为0．7220和0．3299。QTL定位结果也显示，粒长与粒重的QTL位置相近或重叠的较多。因此，粒长对粒重的贡献较大。     

Application and Progress about Mechanics Technique Integrating with Botany

The survey and progress about the study applying mechanics to traditional botany are summarized. It gives brief analysis to the influence of plant growth and development under the mechanics factors, such as mechanical vibration, strong sound wave (or ultrasonic wave), electromagnetic field and microgravity, et al. In other word, the biological effects of plant caused by environmental stress stimulation are set out (They contain positive effects and negative effects). Furthermore, the profound biological effects and some possible mechanism of the plant tissue and cell are discussed. The paper put forward several main problems about botanical mechanics which must be researched at the beginning of 21st century, and the more significant thing about it is the operation of Ca 2+ which as a Second Messenger, will be probed into. At the end of the paper, the well development tendency and practical prospect of the newly compound subject _botanical mechanics is also presented.     

Saturation and Parameter Variation Influence Precision of Observer

The authors analyze the influence in vector controlled induction machine caused by parameter variation and main flux saturation affects speed estimation of adaptive state observer. According to simulation of the modified scheme with saturated induction motor model, it is proved that when the vector control scheme operates in field weakening region, the main flux saturation will obviously influence precision of speed observer and bring great error of speed estimation. Thereby, the main flux saturation should be compensated to improve performance of the vector control system.