带裂缝混凝土氯离子扩散作用试验研究及数值模拟

为了准确评估带裂缝工作混凝土结构的耐久性能,针对氯离子在带裂缝混凝土中的扩散过程进行研究。提出了无损制备裂缝的方法,可高效易行地在混凝土侧面及内部产生裂缝。对带裂缝的水泥砂浆试件进行氯盐溶液浸泡试验,深入研究了单缝和双缝试件中氯离子的扩散作用,修正了氯离子的扩散系数,并对带裂缝混凝土的氯离子扩散过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：氯离子会沿裂缝发展方向及垂直于裂缝发展方向扩散,随着水灰比的减小,砂浆试件的抗氯离子扩散性能明显提高,在一定范围内,当裂缝间距增大,双缝间的氯离子扩散交互影响作用明显减小,ANSYS软件的模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。     

Test Analysis on Prestressed Frames with Three Kinds of Beam-column Section Strength

"Strong column with weak beam","strong beam with weak column" and"column & beam with equal strength"can be existed in one-storey prestressed concrete frames and the top storey of mult-storey prestressed concrete frames.Through the test of four prestressed concrete frames under vertical load,three kinds of prestressed concrete frames performances are studied,such as ultimate load,deflection,displacement ductility,redistribution of internal force.When the relative height of equivalent compression zone is smaller enough,the test proves that three kinds of prestressed concrete frames can realize full redistribution of internal force and have better displacement ductility,the width of cracks and deflections can satisfy the rules of code for design of concrete structures.     

Cause Analysis and Treatment Measure on Cracks in New Reinforced Concrete Restricted by Old Web Concrete

In this paper, the cause analysis about cracks on the new concrete web poured in multi -span continuous box -girder of a main bridge was introduced. This bridge is a prestressed concrete one with variable cross sections and an 80 -meter main span. When casting reinforced concrete in large volume in box girder during vehicle transport service, the shrinkage cracks in cast -in place reinforced web concrete were formed due to the restriction of old web concrete. Then, the control measure taken on these cracks is discussed.     

Test and Finite Analysis to Non-strong Column and Weak Beam Concrete Frames

Through the test of two concrete frames under vertical load and nonlinear finite programme analysis,the performances of strong beam with weak column and equal strength column and beam are studied,such as ultimate load,deflection,displacement ductility,redistribution of internal force.When the reinforcement is proper,the research proved that strong beam with weak column" and "equal strength column and beam" have better displacement ductility and can realize full redistribution of internal force,the width of cracks and deflections can satisfy the rules of code for design of concrete structures.     

Meso-scale numerical investigation on the crack process of concrete cover induced by rebar non-uniform corrosion

Concrete cover cracking induced by corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major influencing factor for durability and serviceability of reinforced concrete structures. In order to investigate the cracking process of concrete cover induced by rebar corrosion, the heterogeneity of concrete meso-structure and non-uniformity of rebar corrosion are accounted for. The undamaged concrete is assumed to be a three-phase composite material composed of aggregate, mortar matrix and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). And a concrete random aggregate structure is established for the study on the mechanical behavior of the non-uniform radial corrosion expansion. In the present simulations, non-uniform radial displacement is adopted to simulate the non-uniform corrosion of the rebar; the plasticity damaged model is used to describe the mechanical behavior of the mortar matrix and the ITZ, and the aggregate is assumed to be elastic. The cracking of concrete cover due to the non-uniform corrosion of the middle located rebar is numerically simulated. The comparison of the analysis and the test result on failure pattern of cover concrete shows fairly good agreement. And then the failure patterns under uniform corrosion and non-uniform corrosion obtained from the macro-scale homogeneous model and the meso-scale heterogeneous model are compared. Furthermore, the influences of concrete cover thickness and rebar diameter on the failure pattern of concrete cover, the expansive pressure and the corrosion rate of the rebar when cover concrete cracks are investigated.     

A new type of prestressed concrete hollow girder design for overcoming the typical diseases

This paper proposes a new type of prestressed concrete hollow girder based on the summaries of the current studies on longitudinal cracks and hinge cracks. The match prefabricated method is used with shear key at interface to solve the problem of hingle cracks, and the two-way prestressing strand techniques are used to assure the longitudinal load-bearing capacity and to prevent the emergence of longitudinal cracks because of pressure existing at the match interface. In order to reduce the temperature difference between the internal and external of the prestressed concrete hollow girder, drilling holes are carried out at the bottom slab of girder every distance. To ensure the adhesive effect between the girder and deck pavement, we designed grooves at the top slab of girders. The finite element analysis results of a design example show that the pressure stress of bottom slab of girder is about 2.58 MPa and 0.16 MPa, which are effective to avoid the appearance of longitudinal cracks and hinge cracks.     

3D Meso scale Failure Simulation of Four phase Composite Concrete

Taking into account the influence of the internal micro cracks on the strength and deformation of concrete, a four phase composite material model was proposed, in which it included mortar, aggregate, interface and random defects. Meso scale unit in concrete was subjected to elastic plastic damage constitutive of increments form in strain space. With the simulation of mesh concrete crack growth by damage elimination, the damage processes of concrete under 3 D uniaxial compression and the elasto plastic damage process of concrete under uniaxial tension with heterogeneous specimen were obtained. It was shown that the proposed four phase model added the simulation of random defects, with which it was more appropriate to the actual situation in concrete forming. The percentage of random defects in volume was the key to determine the weakening degree of macro strength of concrete. The cracks occlusion was obvious for the lower homogeneous uniaxial tension specimen and the fracture was clearer for higher homogeneous specimen. The simulation results was in good agreement with test results.     

Study of Cracks on Rubber Concrete Beams Based on Fractal Theory

The flexural performances of a rubber concrete beam and a ordinary concrete beam are studied under concentrated load through the experiment. The influences of the content of the rubber powder in the rubber concrete beam on the bearing capacity and the crack width of beams are analyzed. The experimental results show that the crack distributions on two beam surfaces possess the characteristics of self-similar in statistical sense. The maximum crack width of the rubber concrete beam is less than that of the ordinary concrete beam under the same load level. The performance of anti-crack of the concrete beam is improved by adding the crumb rubber. Using the fractal theory, the fractal dimension values of the surface crack of the beams under different load grades are calculated and the relationship between the fractal dimension and the maximum crack width of the surface cracks is established.     

高性能混凝土板式构件的早期收缩特性及预测模型

以桥面板等高性能混凝土板式构件为研究对象,通过实验测试了板式构件不同截面厚度位置处早期收缩分布情况,探讨混凝土早期收缩变形与温度、湿度发展过程。结果表明,混凝土板式构件的内部厚度方向不同位置处的相对湿度随龄期都呈现逐渐减小趋势,并呈现两阶段特征,同时,混凝土板式构件早期收缩变形厚度方向不同步,导致板式构件表面产生拉应力,当拉应力大于当时混凝土的抗拉强度时,混凝土表面就会出现浅层裂缝,这与实际工程中发现的板式构件表面开裂情况相吻合。混凝土板式构件早期收缩变形与相同配合比混凝土的早期自由收缩变形进行比较,引入相对约束度并建立了混凝土板式构件早期收缩变形的预测模型,并验证了该模型的准确性,其特点是能预测高性能混凝土板式构件不同截面厚度位置的早期收缩变形,对控制混凝土桥梁板式结构的早期收缩裂缝具有实际意义。     

Experimental Research on the Shock and Wearing Resistant Concrete Blended with Polypropylene Fiber

The shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete blended with polycarboxylate superplasticizer and polypropylene fiber were studied.Results show that,compared with concrete added with silica fume,the high water-reducing effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and fly ash reduced the consumption of cementitious material and the amount of cracks decreased significantly.Together with the action of polypropylene fiber,the shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete enhanced remarkably.     

Analysis on Longitudinal Cracks and Deflection of the Pre-stressed V-shape Slab Roof Structure

In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of the prestressed V-shape Slab Roof structure, especially the effect of temperature change on the stress of slab. The calculated results indicate that when the temperature changes, the tensile stress at the lower extreme fibers of the flange plate near rib exceeds the tensile strength of concrete subjected to the combined action of triaxial stresses and results in the longitudinal cracks of the flange plate. The deflection analysis is based on the mechanical model of the prestressed V shape slab with the longitudinal cracks. The calculated results are in general agreement with the field observations.     

A Model Analysis to Beam Bar Slippage of Seismic Structure Joints

Many experimental results indicates, beam bar slippage within joints is a frequent local nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures under the rare earthquakes. For the sake of modeling and evaluating seismic behaviors of reinforced concrete structures entirely and rational, the model way of the quantity and hysteresis order of beam bar slippage within joints, which was found in the elasto plastic earthquake response of structures, is discussed thoroughly. And the personal characteristics of several structure analysis ways to model the beam bar slippage within joints are evaluated respectively. Based on the results already gotten, a hysteresis model of beam bar slippage within frame joints is advanced, and the relative issues are also discussed. The beam bar slippage model suggested is convenience to the elasto plastic dynamic response analysis of whole reinforced concrete structures.     

A Preliminary Survey on Analysis Method of Building Structures Under Post-Earthquake Fire

Considering the impact of post-earthquake fire on building structures in structure design, an analysis method is proposed to analyze and simulate the response of building structures under post-earthquake fire. Based on the seismic response and thermal stress analysis, this method considers the structure seismic damage through a simplified seismic damage model, and the simulation of the response of building structures under post-earthquake fire was reached by linking the heat transfer analysis and thermal stress analysis to the results of seismic damage. A single-storey concrete frame and a multi-story concrete frame were analyzed with this method and compared with experimental results of the same concrete frame under fire without seismic damage. It is shown that the collapse mode may change for seismic damaged structures and the fire resistance decreases with the increasing of seismic damage degree.     

钢砼组合结构PBH剪力键的疲劳性能

为了研究钢箱-砼组合结构中PBH剪力键在反复荷载作用下的疲劳性能,设计制作了PBH剪力键试验模型,进行了24万次疲劳推出试验。在疲劳破坏形态和试验滑移及应变数据分析的基础上,利用数值工具开展肋板开孔孔径、穿入钢筋直径、混凝土强度3个参数的PBH剪力键疲劳寿命影响因素分析。研究表明：PBH剪力键的疲劳破坏形态与静载破坏相似,表观表现为混凝土面多处斜向劈裂裂缝、内部榫孔混凝土压碎、穿入钢筋局部屈服;疲劳破坏演化过程分为疲劳损伤开始、发展、破坏3个阶段,其中疲劳发展阶段占整个疲劳阶段的91.7%,结构刚度在疲劳损伤开始和发展阶段退化较慢,在疲劳破坏阶段退化较快;肋板开孔孔径、穿入钢筋直径、混凝土强度3个参数对PBH剪力键疲劳寿命影响均有明显影响,其中穿入钢筋直径对疲劳寿命的影响尤为突出。     

Numerical Simulation on Whole Construction Process of High-Rise CFST Structures

The time-changing analysis model for concrete filled steel tubes was established based on the time-changing concrete model of CEB-FIP MC90, in which the interaction between steel tube and concrete core was considered by the restraint conditions of master and slave nodes. The numerical simulation method was developed for analyzing the whole construction process of high-rise CFST structures. A real structure was taken as numerical example, in which the influence of concrete creep and shrinkage as well as construction process was considered. The results of numerical simulation are compared with those obtained from on-site monitoring. It is shown that the concrete creep and shrinkage as well as construction process have big influence on high-rise CFST structures, which should be taken into account in designs and constructions.     

内框架箱型混凝土结构施工活荷载实测分析

施工期早龄期钢筋混凝土结构与模板支撑系统组成临时承载体系为时变结构,其承担的荷载主要有新浇筑混凝土自重与包括施工人员和设备荷载以及混凝土浇筑时产生的冲击和振捣荷载在内的施工活荷载。将多层连续施工时变结构体系模拟成一组弹性支撑连续板,根据该模型分析了施工期现浇钢筋混凝土结构的受力特性。根据现场实测数据,以构件有效承载面积为统计对象,计算了混凝土施工荷载的统计参量,并参考相关研究成果,以95%的置信度对施工期活荷载标准值进行反演,建议施工活荷载标准值取2.5 kN/m 2。     

Spatial Multi-scale Relative Humidity Values for Concrete Structures

According to the spatial features of environmental actions, on the basis of the spatial multi-scale model framework (including the global environment, regional environment, engineering environment, surface environment and internal environment of concrete) and the mathematic model for environmental actions, the spatial multi-scale relative humidity values for concrete structures were studied. That is, based on the influential factors of relative humidity on the different spatial scales, the relative humidity values in concrete were deduced by adjustment step by step from the values on the global environment to the regional environment, the engineering environment and the surface environment of concrete. It was found that using the superposition method of conventional statistic model and spatial residual error, the quantitive relationship of relative humidity values in the regional environmental scale and the engineering environmental scale can be established effectively. Moreover, the relative humidity values on the surface of concrete structural elements are related with the temperature values on the surface of concrete structural elements, and the difference of relative humidity values between the surface and the inner part of concrete should be considered in the durability assessment of concrete structures.     

Effect of Reinforced-Concrete Deterioration on Structures

s:It is proposed that the research of the structural durability is necessary considering the structural damages under the effect of deterioration of reinforced concrete. The most common reasons, which cause the deterioration of structures in China, are reinforcement corrosion and freeze thaw cycles of concrete. Based on the summarizing of research works of the effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structures, it is indicated that the structural durability research should be carried out either in view of material science or that of structural science, and should be also considered the interaction of several factors with uncertain nature instead of the determined individual factor analysis. The structural durability of serviceable should be paid much more attention while researching the durability of structural capacity. The effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structural capacity, rigidity and durability should be researched henceforth.     

Review of Research on Damage of Corrod Reinforced Concrete

The research result shows that the corrosion of reinforcement is one of the dominating factor for decreasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, the significance of the research of corroded reinforced concrete is presented, and an attempt is made to integrate the latest development with regard to the mechanical behaviors of reinforcement corrosion, the damage of concrete due to corroded bars, bond relationship between corroded bars and concrete, as well as the load capacity of corroded reinforced concrete flexural member and compressive member and the seismic behavior of corroded reinforced concrete element. And the trend of its development in future is discussed as well.     

Experimental Study on a Prestressed Frame of Two Spans Under Unsymmetric Load

By the experimental study on a full-dimensioned prestressed frame of two spans, the relative factors are analyzed such as relative height of equivalent compression zone in critical section, secondary moment, ratio of beam rigidity to column and development of cracks in the top of columns etc., which influence the moment distribution of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete frame from the side of internal force redistribution. It is believed that that the factors of relative height of concrete equivalent compression zone and secondary moment influence the moment modulation in most degree, and ratio of column rigidity to beam also plays a part in the moment modulation to some extent. Second, the plastic joints of frame with excessive spans exit in the span which endure the whole load, at last the whole frame is destroyed because of the destruction of the loading frame, the influence to the non-loading span is little.