非洲养蜂业 北非、东非、东北非和西非国家养蜂

本文阐述北非的阿尔及利亚、埃及、利比亚、摩洛哥、突尼斯 ;东非的肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达 ;东北非的吉布提、埃塞俄比亚、索马里兰、苏丹 ;西非的贝宁湾、布基纳法索、冈比亚、加纳、几内亚、几内亚比绍、象牙海岸、利比里亚、马里、尼日尔、尼日利亚、塞内加尔、塞拉利昂、多哥 2 6个国家的最新养蜂情况 ,包括蜜蜂种类、蜜源植物、蜜蜂活动、蜜蜂病虫害、传统养蜂、现代养蜂、蜂蜜猎取、蜂蜜生产等。概述各国的养蜂历史、研究活动、养蜂研究先驱者、养蜂组织机构、培训、会议等情况。非洲全称阿非利加洲 ,位于东半球的西南部 ,地跨赤道…     

秋季适宜食物

主食及豆类的选择:大米、小米、玉米、荞麦、大麦、小麦、糯米、糙米、高粱、豆腐、豆浆、扁豆等。肉蛋奶的选择:羊肉、牛肉、鸭肉、鱼类、猪腰子、猪肺、鳖肉、乌骨鸡、鲍鱼、鳝鱼、蛋类、奶类等。蔬菜的选择:豆芽、菜花、菠菜、胡萝卜、茄子、莲藕、甘薯、马铃薯、山药、芋艿、芹菜、小白菜、莴笋、洋白菜、南瓜、菱角、百合、香菇等。     

畜皮深加工与综合利用——皮革的国内外比较

皮的利用主要是制革和食用。某肉食品厂将猪皮以肉的半价处理 ,真正可惜。制革可用于靴鞋、手套、衣裤、帽子、皮箱、裤带、表带、皮包、皮夹、皮面笔记本、皮面像册、皮球、皮枪套、刀鞘、子弹夹……至于皮毛、可以做皮衣、毛毯……皮的综合利用是传统的手工业 ,主要以牛皮、猪皮、羊皮、马皮、兔皮、狗皮 ,另外还有各种野生动物的皮张如貂皮、獭皮、鹿皮、狐皮、狼皮、虎皮、象皮、鳄鱼皮、豹皮……虽然从 40年代起步的人造革来势颇猛 ,但天然皮那透气、排湿、保暖、御寒、润泽、耐老化等得天独厚的功能 ,使它仍处于领导地位。自古以来 ,…     

30种中药对瘤胃细菌的影响

用30 种中药粉剂和其中的15 种煎剂,在普通琼脂平板培养基上和无机盐纤维素琼脂平板培养基上,对瘤胃细菌的混合培养物和纤维分解菌的生长繁殖进行了观察。结果发现,15 种中药煎剂中对瘤胃细菌混合培养物有抑菌作用的为升麻和大黄;对瘤胃细菌混合培养物有刺激生长作用的为板蓝根、金银花、黄芩、黄柏、姜黄、黄连、木香、柴胡和防风。对纤维分解菌有抑菌作用的为黄芩、黄连、黄柏、姜黄、木香、柴胡、防风。无抑菌作用的为连翘、板蓝根、金银花、大黄、胡黄连、栀子、升麻和款冬花。30 种中药粉剂中,对瘤胃细菌混合培养物有抑菌作用的为丹参、大黄、五倍子、姜黄、白头翁、诃子、连翘、厚朴、栀子、白药子、蒲公英、川黄连、黄芩和黄柏;无抑菌作用的为黄芪、板蓝根、夏枯草、生地、菊花、金银花、龙胆草、黄药子、胡连、青木香;有刺激生长作用的为黄芪、黄药子、板蓝根、生地、胡黄连、青木香。对纤维分解菌有抑菌作用的为丹参、大黄、甘草、姜黄、黄芪、黄柏、蒲公英、川黄连和茵陈。无抑菌作用的为麦门冬、知母、黄芩、五倍子、丹皮、乌梅、黄药子、白头翁、板蓝根、诃子、夏枯草、生地、连翘、厚朴、菊花、金银花、龙胆草、栀子、白药子、胡黄连、青木香。有刺激生长作用的为金银花和龙胆草。     

维生素添加剂对鸡蛋成份的影响

美国俄亥俄州立大学的E．C．Nawer关于饲料对鸡蛋营养成分的影响综合如下：无变化或极少变化的成分：水分、热量。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、磷、铁、钠、钾、氯。镁、铜、硫、灰分、维生素已胆碱、硬脂酸、棕桐酸、胆固醇、氨基酸、酸度。有影响的成分：碘、氟、锰、维生     

上杭县湖洋镇林下放养鸡寄生虫感染调查

为了掌握湖洋镇林下放养鸡寄生虫感染情况,选择三处林下养殖区域开展寄生虫感染调查。结果显示,湖洋镇的林下放养鸡存在不同程度的鸡蚤、羽虱、蛔虫、异刺线虫、绦虫等寄生虫感染。其中A养殖区域的鸡蚤、羽虱、蛔虫、异刺线虫、绦虫的检出率分别为10%、100%、20%、6.7%、6.7%;B养殖区域的鸡蚤、羽虱、蛔虫、异刺线虫、绦虫的检出率分别为16.7%、100%、36.7%、23%、30%;C养殖区域的鸡蚤、羽虱、蛔虫、异刺线虫、绦虫的检出率分别为20%、100%、50%、60%、43%。调查结果可为本地区放牧鸡的科学驱虫提供依据。     

家禽常见药物有哪些

正治疗细菌全身感染的药物:头孢三一嗪、头孢噻呋、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、沙拉沙星等。治疗败血型大肠杆菌的药物:头孢类、氟苯尼考、阿米考星、沙拉沙星、二氟沙星等。治疗肠炎型大肠杆菌的药物:安普霉素、新霉素、粘杆菌素、烟酸诺氟沙星、庆大霉素等。治疗支原体的药物:罗红霉素、泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、替米考星、红霉素、氧氟沙星、强力霉素等。治疗坏死性肠炎的药物:痢菌净、青霉素、林可霉素、新     

法国温室制造业中的一朵奇葩──访法国瑞奇公司

瑞奇公司（ＲＩＣＨＥＬ）是法国专门设计和制造温室设备的实业公司。３０多年来,瑞奇公司在与用户的密切合作中稳步发展。如今,公司在温室制造业中占有欧洲地区的领导地位,已经在世界各地修建完成超过３０００公顷以上的温室。它们分布在：阿尔及利亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、加拿大、智利、希腊、丹麦、埃及、芬兰、几内亚、德国、英国、匈牙利、印度、肯尼亚、韩国、马达加斯加、荷兰、爱尔兰、日本、约旦、科威特、黎巴嫩、利比亚、南非、马耳他、墨西哥、摩洛哥、挪威、波兰、澳门、葡萄牙、新西兰、西班牙、沙特阿拉伯、瑞典、…     

甘肃部分大宗道地中药材地方标准研制进展

中药材质量是保证中药饮片和中成药质量的关键和根本,中药材标准化是保证中药材质量的重要措施,而生产过程的标准化是中药材标准化的重要前提。对当归、党参、黄芩、黄芪、红芪、甘草、柴胡、牛蒡子、板蓝根、大黄、枸杞、秦艽、款冬花、独活、羌活、金银花、半夏、小茴香、杜仲等19种陇药的种子、种苗、产地加工储藏、产地环境气象、施肥、病虫害防治、药材质量规格等标准的研制情况进行调查统计,并与其他省份的研究情况进行对比,以期为甘肃省中药材标准化的进一步研究提供参考。     

《南方十五省市区饲料企业名录》

广受业内人士关注的《南方十五省市区饲料企业名录》已经出版。本书收集广东、广西、湖南、海南、云南、湖北、贵州、上海、安徽、江西、重庆、浙江、江苏、福建、四川十五省、市、自治区的4000多个饲料企业的名单，大16开近500页。每个企业包括企业名称、邮编、地址、电话、传真、负责人、联系人、网址、电子邮箱等项目，联系十分方便。     

Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine and Feline Dermatophytosis

Canine and feline dermatomycosis is the common skin disease in small animal,which not only affects the appearance of the canine and feline, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog and cat owners suffering from dermatomycosis. Dermatomycosis is harmful to health of animals and human beings. The dermatomycosis is difficult to identify, has long treatment cycle and high recurrence, and affected by regional or/and environmental factors, lead to its prevalent and brought great difficulties to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Canine and feline dermatomycosis could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination. In order to curing canine and feline dermatomycosis effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of animal feeding management should be carried.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物研究进展

反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物处于一个复杂的微生态系统,其多样性及营养代谢与该系统中的各项因素存在紧密联系。了解反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性变化和营养代谢机制,是通过人为干预手段改善动物福利、提高动物生产效率、提升动物产品质量、减少温室气体排放的基础。关于反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性及营养代谢与单个环境因子的关系得到了广泛的研究并取得了一些进展,对指导生产实践和保护环境起到了一定作用。综述了近年来国内外反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性,以及微生物与宿主动物、日粮结构、环境因子相互作用及机制方面的研究进展,以期为探索瘤胃及肠道微生物在反刍动物营养代谢中的作用及其机制提供参考。     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

中国家畜家禽寄生虫与寄生虫病概况

为了提供我国家畜家禽寄生虫和寄生虫病总的概况，综合分析了相关资料，归纳出了我国畜禽寄生虫种类构成、分布范围、重要人畜共患寄生虫虫种、我国南北两方寄生虫种类的异同、多宿主寄生虫虫种和家畜家禽寄生虫病概况等几个方面的内容，并作了评述讨论。     

猪排泄物中恩诺沙星和环丙沙星含量的HPLC检测方法

为了对猪排泄物中恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)和环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)进行定量检测,试验建立了测定猪粪尿中ENR和CIP含量的高效液相－荧光检测方法。将猪粪经乙腈－氨水超声提取后,加入三氯乙酸酸化,然后分别将经磷酸酸化后的猪尿和提取后的猪粪溶液经固相萃取小柱富集净化,取净化液进行HPLC分析。HPLC流动相为乙腈(A):柠檬酸/乙酸铵缓冲液(B),梯度洗脱:0~25 min,A 10%~40%;25~30 min,A 40%至10%,荧光检测器的激发波长278 nm,发射波长465 nm。结果表明,ENR和CIP 在尿中的最低检测限(LOD)<0.01 mg/L,在粪中的LOD<0.021 mg/kg,在尿中的最低检测限(LOQ)<0.03 mg/L,在粪中LOQ<0.056 mg/kg,猪尿中的ENR和CIP在0.01~1.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²分别为0.9994和0.9992;猪粪中的ENR和CIP在0.02~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²分别为0.9986和0.9981。ENR在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为79.4%和88.5%,CIP在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为75.8%和89.9%。该方法样品处理简单,检测结果准确可靠,且灵敏度较高,是值得推广的检测方法。     

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action of Cephalonium and Its Application in Prevention and Treatment of Mastitis in Dairy Cow

Cephalonium is a second generation cephalosporin.It is effective to prevent and treat mastitis during dry period.It has a broad antibacterial spectrum,strong bactericidal activity,less allergic reactions and low toxicity,and so on,especially showing a good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococus.In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,pharmacokinetic,pharmacology and toxicology,residue and withdrawal periods,application in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows,and the prospect of the development of cephalonium were investigated and reviewed.     

头孢洛宁的药理作用及其在奶牛乳房炎防治中应用的研究进展

头孢洛宁是第2代头孢菌素类抗生素,是防治干乳期奶牛乳腺炎的有效药物,具有抗菌谱广、杀菌力强、过敏反应少、毒性低等优点,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌展现出良好的抗菌活性。文章综述了头孢洛宁的研究现状、理化性质、药理和毒理、药代动力学、残留及弃奶期及其在奶牛乳房炎防治中的应用,并对其应用前景作了展望。     

白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制及应用的研究进展

近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。     

Review of the Carriage of Zoonotic Bacteria by Arthropods,with Special Reference to Salmonella in Mites,Flies and Litter Beetles

This systematic review considers the relationship between arthropods commonly found in and around livestock premises and zoonotic bacteria. The principal focus is upon insects and arachnids on poultry units, where houses, litter and manure provide good conditions for the growth, multiplication and protection of flies, beetles and mites, and where zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are prevalent. Other members of the Enterobacteriaceae and the taxa Clostridium, Helicobacter, Erysipelas and Chlamydiaceae are also discussed. Salmonella is widely distributed in the flies of affected livestock units and is detectable to a lesser degree in beetles and mites. Persistent carriage appears to be common and there is some field and experimental evidence to support arthropod‐mediated transmission between poultry flocks, particularly carry‐over from one flock to the next. Campylobacter may readily be isolated from arthropods in contact with affected poultry flocks, although carriage is short‐lived. There appears to be a role for flies, at least, in the breaching of biosecurity around Campylobacter‐negative flocks. The carriage of other zoonotic bacteria by arthropods has been documented, but the duration and significance of such associations remain uncertain in the context of livestock production.