全域旅游背景下县域公共服务建设研究 ——以山西省宁武县为例

以宁武县为例,基于全域旅游背景,分析全域旅游验收中对公共服务的要求,以及宁武县旅游公共服务全域发展的现实基础和宁武县旅游公共服务全域发展的困境,提出全域旅游背景下实现宁武县公共服务建设的优化措施,旨在为解决创建全域旅游示范区县域地区旅游发展、旅游公共服务建设提供参考性建议.     

全域旅游背景下宁夏葡萄酒旅游发展

宁夏是全域旅游示范区(省),葡萄酒产业是宁夏的特色优势产业,葡萄酒旅游既是产业融合的产物,也是推进全域旅游示范区建设的载体。葡萄酒旅游具备"全景、全时、全业、全民"发展的潜在优势,但也存在体制机制不健全,与旅游结业合度较低,旅游基础设施薄弱,产品业态单一、主题不突出等现实问题。基于此,提出优化顶层设计,构建全域统筹、全民参与机制;提升产业融合度,推动"旅游+葡萄酒"发展;加强基础设施建设,推进城乡统筹发展;强化"四态融合",激活产品业态创新的葡萄酒旅游发展战略。     

海南全域旅游之特色城乡景观设计——以海南琼海市嘉积镇温泉村为例

在海南省全域旅游的大背景下,如何使全域旅游理念与城乡景观设计完好结合,成为大家新的思考。文章以海南省琼海市温泉村景观设计为例,介绍温泉村自然环境与绿化现状,以及结合当地特色农作物——油茶所设计的村庄主干道、油茶育苗与种植基地、亲水空间的景观;解析该案例的景观构思、空间利用、树种选择等设计要点。     

全域旅游视角下海南乡村景观保护策略探究——以琼海为例

"全域旅游"的创建使海南乡村景观的规划和改造成为了热门话题。然而在乡村改造过程中对传统景观的保护还不成熟,造成资源的浪费。海南全域旅游的发展推动了乡村旅游,乡村景观的保护与全域旅游息息相关,两者互相影响,相辅相成。文章以琼海市城镇化建设为鉴,探讨了全域旅游视角下如何保护与提升乡村景观,同时为海南全域旅游的发展提供了新的思路和方法。     

灵宝市全力创建国家苹果质量安全示范区

本刊讯（特约通讯员张邓灵）日前，河南省灵宝市召开了创建国家苹果质量安全示范区动员大会，安排部署创建国家苹果质量安全示范区工作。2010年11月．该市被国家质检总局和省人民政府确定为“河南省出口食品农产品质量安全示范区”。     

特色蔬菜旅游资源融入全域旅游开发路径研究——以苏州“水八仙”为例

农业是经济发展的基础,但发展缓慢;随着全域旅游的推进和发展,"旅游+农业"的产业融合是推动农业发展的必然趋势;特色蔬菜旅游资源作为农业的重要组成部分,相比较于一般农产品,有先天的旅游开发优势,在融入全域旅游开发中,要做到全景开发、全时开发、全业开发、全民开发。笔者以苏州"水八仙"为例,分析了特色蔬菜旅游资源融入全域旅游发展中的开发路径。     

基于多源数据的自然旅游地旅行者时空分布及其驱动因素

为真实反映旅行者行为,优化自然旅游目的地的规划与管理,以“两步路”中的旅行者活动标记点作为数据源,根据标记点集中程度界定的自然旅游目的地为研究对象,借助GIS时空分析工具及地理探测器分析,总结旅行者的时空分布特征,并选取自然环境因子、人文社会因子作为驱动指标,探究旅行者空间分布的驱动因素。研究结果发现：(1)旅行者活动表现出明显的空间异质性特征,形成了27个旅行者活动热区。(2)旅行者年际分布处于集聚状态,最近邻指数呈现“U”型曲线形式,空间分布均比较集中,但热点区域年际变化明显,“单核心”集聚到“平行多核心”再到“双核心”“单核心”,说明该旅游目的地内部竞争格局处在变动中。(3)夏、秋2个季节旅行者活动集聚,旅行活动热区比较集中,但不同季节旅行者空间分布差异性明显。(4)景点、餐饮、住宿等服务设施是旅行者活动空间分异性的决定因素,其中景点是主导因素。综上所述,以旅行者标记点为主的时空大数据能更细致的刻画自然旅游地的旅游者行为特征。     

辽宁休闲农业示范点空间分布特征

采用农业农村部公布的147个辽宁休闲农业示范点,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析、最近邻比率、核密度强度分析和空间热点分析等方法,对辽宁休闲农业空间特征和影响要素进行探究,从而了解辽宁休闲农业示范点空间分布的现状,分析其空间分布的影响因素并总结分布规律,以期对辽宁乡村旅游、休闲农业土地资源的健康发展提供支持。结果表明:农家乐数量最多,主要集中在沈阳;观光农业园和休闲农庄在地区分布上差异显著,在辽东地区分布较为稀少,在辽南地区分布较多,休闲渔业和民俗文化园在沿海地区分布较多;辽宁省休闲农业示范点平均最近邻比率为0.68,分布模式为集聚型,各类型休闲农业的空间分布不均衡,各地市发展结构差异显著。热点区主要集中在大连和营口,而盘锦的大洼区、丹东东港地区、锦州和抚顺地区的分布密度低于平均值。综上所述,辽宁5类休闲农业示范点的空间分布差异较大,总体呈现集聚型分布,局部有明显差异;其总体空间分布特征与交通网络分布、水系网络分布、社会经济有一定的正相关性。     

基于“三生”空间理念的景中村空间优化策略——以杭州大明山景中村为例

空间优化对乡村资源整合与经济结构调整有重要影响。以杭州大明山景中村为研究对象,引入"三生"空间理念,根据景中村发展的特色,分析了发展存在的困境与机遇。根据规划前村庄存在的问题,从生产空间梳理引导、生活空间改善优化、生态空间修复提升3个方面着手,实现景中村"三生"空间协调发展。对全域旅游与乡村振兴实践具有一定借鉴意义。     

全域旅游背景下秦皇岛乡村旅游景观的发展策略研究

良好的旅游景观环境是促进旅游业发展的重要因素之一,在全域旅游理念的引导下,以秦皇岛地区为例,分别讨论乡村旅游景观的开发利用、全域旅游对乡村旅游景观的要求、优化乡村旅游景观的方法,并且提出了促进乡村旅游景观发展的产业链建设、自然景观建设和加强综合管理机制的建议。     

How does enclosed private residential green space impact accessibility equity in urban regions? A case study in Shenzhen,China

Compared with public parks, residential quarter green space (RQGS) is a type of enclosed private green space that is located in residential areas and has higher visit frequency. Generally, in China residential areas with high housing prices have higher quality and more quantity of RQGS. Therefore, the differences in RQGS between residents with different socio-economic status may influence the equity of urban green space accessibility. However, due to the lack of data sources, few existing studies have taken RQGS into account as a part of urban green space supply resources. Based on multi-source geographic big data, this paper takes Shenzhen as the research area to explore the impact of RQGS on the spatial pattern and fair distribution of green space accessibility. The total green space accessibility (TGSA), which includes the accessibility of RQGS, and the public park accessibility (PPA) were calculated using the Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA). Using housing prices to indicate the income level of dwellers, bivariate Moran’s I and multiple regression were adopted to explore equity of urban green space accessibility. The main conclusions were: (1) The accessibility of green space increased by 27.97% on average after considering RQGS and ignoring RQGS could underestimate the accessibility of green space, particularly in the residential quarter with high housing prices near the city center. (2) The regression coefficients of housing prices with PPA and TGSA were 0.042 (p < 0.01) and 0.160 (p < 0.001), respectively, indicating that the advantages of high-income groups in RQGS may further exacerbate the inequity of urban green space accessibility. The research conclusions may provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial structure of green space in urban areas and ensuring the equitable distribution of green space.     

Spatial impacts of multimodal accessibility to green spaces on housing price in Cook County,Illinois

This study explores the impacts of multimodal accessibility to green space on housing price. Quantifying the benefits of green space accessibility is important for supporting green infrastructure planning and guiding land use development. In this study, we calculate multimodal travel times (walking and driving) from each residential property in Cook County (Chicago metro), Illinois to each articulated (public or significant private) green space. A gravity-model based method is used to compute accessibility (by travel mode), which considers the access to multiple green spaces and weights prioritization. Green spaces are divided into seven categories depending on their type and size to differentiate their potential benefits. Hedonic models using housing structural features, locational attributes, socio-economic factors and green space accessibility as explanatory variables, are used to evaluate housing price (using housing transactions records from 2010 sales in the county). The spatial effects of green space accessibilities on housing prices are explored by an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with and without fixed locational effects, and a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Results show walking and driving accessibility to all sizes of recreational, medium conversational and private green spaces present positive impacts on housing price, with some negative impacts to larger (and smaller) conservation areas. The relationship also exhibits different heterogeneous spatial pattern over the study area between walking and driving accessibility to green space, possibly related to economic variation.     

Optimizing urban green space patterns to improve spatial equity using location-allocation model: A case study in Wuhan

Green space allocation aims to support the UNs sustainable development goals (SDGs) and to mitigate the conflicts between supply and demand. Previous studies have shown that the uneven distribution of populations and natural locations of green space results in environmental inequity. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on strategies for reducing mismatches of supply and demand by optimizing spatial patterns in highly dense cities. Developed urbanized areas are featured in fewer spaces for greening. In this study, we set three scenarios for coordinating the provision and demand of urban green spaces at a block scale. Taking the main city of Wuhan as an example, we apply the location-allocation model in order to identify potential sites for new green spaces. Then, the simulations of the three scenarios are used to depict various development strategies by evaluating the improvement of green equity. Our results show that the levels of green space accessibility are lower on the west side of the city center, while relatively higher on the east side, due to abundant natural resources. The Gini coefficient is 0.715, indicating unequal access for citizens to green space. Increasing green areas could enhance green equity, and the most effective way to allocate new increments is based on the accessibility. For developed cities, blocks with lower accessibility should be given priority when increasing green areas; doing so could offset the shortage of large green areas and reduce green inequity within daily walking distances. Optimal green space planning of small and functional parks near communities has the potential to meet higher recreational demands in densely populated areas.     

河南番茄褪绿病毒的分子鉴定

2014年在河南省郑州、济源、新郑、中牟、扶沟等地发现大量保护地番茄植株的叶脉间出现褪绿症状,疑似由番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)侵染引起。以这5个地区的番茄病叶为样本提取总RNA,利用ToCV HSP70h(Heat shock protein 70 homolog,热激蛋白70家族)基因的特异引物对样本进行RT-PCR检测,均扩增出约460bp大小的目的条带。PCR产物测序和序列分析结果表明,该序列与国际上报道的ToCV HSP70h的序列相似性达到99%以上,表明ToCV是为害河南省番茄产区造成褪绿症状的主要病原之一。     

Assessment of spatial equity of urban park distribution from the perspective of supply-demand interactions

Urban parks have been widely recognized for the critical functions they provide in enhancing health and wellbeing. However, parks are known to be inadequately provided and non-uniformly distributed in cities, leading to an increasing interest to examine spatial equity of park distribution. Such studies have mostly focused on the distributional attributes of park supply in determining spatial equity, while the role of residents’ demand is usually ignored or not adequately assessed. In addition, people’s preferences for park use were normally ignored and nearest parks were assumed as supplier of park services. Moreover, even though equity assessment is scale-dependent, few studies adopt a multi-scale assessment. We report on a study to address these gaps. A multi-scale Supply-Demand Equity Index (SDEI) was developed to assess spatial equity of park distribution from the perspective of supply and demand interactions, and data were collected at a fine scale of neighborhood level. Residents’ accessibility to their most often used parks and nearest parks were used to assess and compare supply level; while residents’ perceptions obtained from surveys and population density were used to assess and compare demand level. Results showed that supply measured by accessibility to most often used park more accurately reflects supply, and demand assessment on the basis of perception could reflect variations among different social groups and reveal otherwise hidden patterns of spatial inequity. It was also shown that SDEI could identify areas where mismatch between supply and demand occurs. We demonstrated in a single study that different definitions and approaches of quantifying spatial equity can lead to distinct conclusions, therein highlighting that the complex nature of equity requires nuanced approaches and providing a broader view of equity assessment. In addition, the implications of this study for urban park planning and management were highlighted.     

Establishing a "dynamic two-step floating catchment area method" to assess the accessibility of urban green space in Shenyang based on dynamic population data and multiple modes of transportation

As an integral part of the urban environment, urban green space (UGS) is of great significance in maintaining urban ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Spatial accessibility is an important indicator of UGS distribution and can be calculated by the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA). However, problems exist in previous studies using 2SFCA: (1) the dynamics in population distributions are ignored when measuring UGS demand; and (2) travel costs are calculated for only a single mode of transportation. To address these problems, this study proposes a dynamic two-step floating catchment area method (D2SFCA) based on the Baidu heatmap and direction application programming interface and compares it with the traditional 2SFCA to investigate the characteristics of and differences in UGS accessibility in the first-ring built-up area of Shenyang, China. The results show the following: (1) the dynamic population distribution data calculated by the heatmap yielded the highest population density raster (581.0–1342.0 p/hm²) in areas with dense road networks and the lowest population density raster (2.0–91.0 p/hm²) in areas with railways and rivers, thereby more accurately reflecting reality and better quantifying the UGS demand than the static population distribution data; (2) the D2SFCA and 2SFCA findings had a slightly different distribution, and the D2SFCA assessment results more accurately reflected actual patterns, especially when the road data were inaccurate. In summary, the D2SFCA is more suitable for assessing accessibility and can identify specific areas that lack UGS. This study provides a scientific basis and methodological support for improving the services level and equity of UGS.     

河南部分地区番茄黄化曲叶病毒和番茄褪绿病毒复合侵染的分子鉴定

为调查河南省部分地区番茄病毒病危害情况,于2019年10月采集16份表现黄化、曲叶症状的番茄植株,利用分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定。结果表明:供试样品均被TYLCV(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus)侵染,31.75%的样品被TYLCV和ToCV(Tomato chlorosis virus)复合侵染;DNA全序列比对分析发现,供试样品中分离的TYLCV河南菌株与TYLCV-Is等地区的核苷酸序列同源性均达到94%以上,其中TYLCV-HN-AY-1分离物与TYLCV-Almeria(NC004005.1)序列相似性最高,为99.5%;对供试样品TYLCV抗病基因分子检测发现,部分番茄样品含有Ty-1、Ty-2、Ty-3/Ty-3a,表明部分TYLCV株系已突破Ty-1、Ty-2、Ty-3/Ty-3a的抗性。该结果对指导河南省番茄的安全生产具有重要意义。     

Association between urban greenspace,tree canopy cover and intentional deaths: An exploratory geospatial analysis

Greenspaces can provide restorative experiences, offer opportunities for outdoor recreation, and reduce mental fatigue; all of which may improve community health and safety. Yet few studies have examined the neighborhood-level benefits of greenspace in reducing violent deaths. This study explored the association between three distinct greenspace metrics: public greenspace quantity, public greenspace accessibility, neighborhood tree canopy cover, and intentional deaths (i.e., homicides and suicides). Generalized linear models and spatial error models investigated the association between greenspace, tree canopy and intentional deaths in three geographically distinct cities in North Carolina, USA. Results revealed that increased neighborhood greenspace accessibility and tree canopy cover were associated with reduced intentional deaths in all three urban areas. Neighborhood greenspace accessibility was the most protective factor across all study areas. The association between neighborhood greenspace accessibility and intentional deaths was more significant for non-firearm deaths as compared to firearm deaths, indicating that weapon type may be an important consideration for neighborhood greenspace interventions. Compared to predominantly White neighborhoods, predominantly Black neighborhoods had higher rates of homicide in Asheville and Durham and higher rates of suicide in Charlotte. Future policy and research should focus on improving equitable access to existing and future greenspaces, especially in primarily Black neighborhoods.     

A GIS-supported method for detecting the hydrological mosaic and the role of man as a hydrological factor

A Geographical Information System (GIS)-supported method was developed for predicting the spatial distribution of soil wetness as an indicator to determine the probability of an area to act as a groundwater recharge or discharge area. The method was based on overlays of maps with the distribution of hydrological response-determining factors. An application was made for the Svartå river basin (south-central Sweden). Changes in the soil-wetness mosaic due to human activities were also analyzed. Since the 1870s drainage and forestry had, according to the analysis, decreased by 5% the parts of the basin that act as discharge areas during wet spells. In the agriculturally dominated sub-basins, the alterations were larger. Forty percent of the open land had been artificially drained. The main shift of soil wetness index classes was caused by an alteration of areas that earlier fluctuated between groundwater discharge and recharge into typical recharge areas. For the plains, the shift from discharge areas to recharge areas was also significant. A conceptual water partitioning model was used to assess the spatial distribution of water flows (evaporation and recharge), as a response to climatic inputs, for areas with different physiographic and vegetative characteristics. The present water flow pattern was compared with the response mosaic of the 1870s. The increased maximum daily recharge peaks during autumn constitute the only significant change in the hydrological response for the studied area as a whole. The consequences that the desiccation of the landscape have on chemical and biological processes were discussed.     

新疆果蔬生产集聚与产地预冷的空间差异分析

基于探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法,以新疆84个市县为空间观测单元,利用2009-2015年果蔬产量和保鲜储藏设备量数据,对新疆果蔬生产集聚和产地预冷保鲜现状进行全局和局域时空差异实证分析。结果表明:果蔬生产空间分布具有集聚性,但蔬菜和果用瓜的集聚区有所不同,而产地预冷保鲜未见明显集聚区,且发展水平较低;全局Moran′s I统计分析可以看出,果蔬生产存在显著的空间自相关,而产地预冷保鲜呈随机分布,无明显相关性;通过局域分析空间相关模式及时空演变态势可以看出,蔬菜分布变化较小,果用瓜H-H集聚区有扩大趋势;蔬菜生产集聚在乌昌地区、果用瓜生产集聚在吐哈地区,喀什地区是果蔬生产的双集聚区;最后,该研究为解决生鲜农产品"最先一公里"问题提出了政策建议。