富硒樱桃生产技术试验研究

以早大果、红灯、乌克兰大樱桃为材料,研究了同一品种喷施不同浓度、不同次数及不同品种喷施同浓度富硒叶面肥,对樱桃果实硒含量的影响。结果显示：乌克兰大樱桃1000倍液喷施3次后樱桃果实的含硒量最高,达到0．0248 mg／kg ;但无论是1600倍还是1200倍液,在不同时期各喷施2次,其果实硒含量和喷施3次的果实硒含量差异不大。乌克兰大樱桃、红灯和早大果1000倍液喷施3次后,果实硒含量并没有很大差别。     

50％多菌灵水分散粒剂防治苹果轮纹病田间药效试验

采用50％多菌灵水分散粒剂500倍液、750倍液、1000倍液5个浓度与50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂750倍液，在苹果的果实膨大期共施药3次，对苹果轮纹病分别在采收期、贮藏期（15d、50d）进行防效试验。推荐50％多菌灵水分散粒剂使用剂量为500～750倍液。     

旱涝收腐殖酸叶面肥在甜樱桃上的应用试验初报

谢花后至采收前及采收后，对甜樱桃叶面喷施500倍、1000倍、1500倍旱涝收腐殖酸叶面肥。结果显示：1500倍可促进新梢加长生长，而影响新梢基部加粗；500倍可抑制新梢加生生长，促进新梢基部加粗；1000倍液可促进新梢基部加粗，对新梢长度影响不大。喷施3种浓度的埋涝收叶面肥可使叶面积、叶片厚度、百叶干重不同程度的增加，坐果率和株产明显提高。喷施1000倍和1500倍液的单果重明显增加、500倍则略有降低。综合评价认为，以用1000倍液效果较好。     

友好--170植物营养剂在冬枣树上的试验初报

2002年，对友好—170植物营养剂(山东省东营市友好生物技术有限公司生产)的增产提质效果进行了试验。试验园位于东营市利津县虎滩乡春雨公司冬枣基地。供试材料为3年生冬枣，共1hm^2，1600株；对照为邻地同龄树约1．3hm^2，2200株，均为第1年结果，此前均未采取任何促花措施。于冬枣树萌芽前、花前、仡后、第1次果实膨大期、第2次果实膨大期、采收前各喷1次友好—170植物营养剂750倍液，全年共喷6次。叶面和叶背均匀喷施。不喷施赤霉素，萘乙酸等。对照园不喷施友好—170，但按常规管理喷施赤霉素等。其他管理相同。     

喷施多菌灵和甲基托布津对葡萄农药残留的影响

对设施栽培条件下的2个葡萄品种进行了不同浓度、不同时期喷施70%甲基托布津和50%多菌灵试验,结果表明,喷施50%多菌灵250、500、1 000倍液4 d与8 d后,套袋果的农药残留量均达到无公害果品质量要求,以1 000倍液间隔8 d后的残留量最低,而未套袋果的残留量均超标.喷施70%甲基托布津800倍液4 d与8 d后,套袋果均未检测出残留,但甲基托布津在植物体内可转化为多菌灵,果实内是否存在多菌灵残留仍需进一步检测验证.     

纽荷尔脐橙喷叶面肥增产效应初试

用金橙多液肥1 500倍液和氨基酸复合肥300倍液、0.3%进口复合肥在纽荷尔脐橙于开花前后叶面喷施4次,结果表明,与对照（清水）相比,金橙多液面肥或氨基酸复合微肥对纽荷尔脐橙着果率及产量的影响有不同效应。其中喷施金橙多液面肥1 500倍液相应产量分别达到24.9 kg、17.5 kg,极显著高于对照。喷氨基酸微肥300倍液也效果显著。     

怎样使苹果增色

1激素增色法①喷施乙烯利。在苹果正常采收前10~30天,喷施750~1000倍液的乙烯利溶液,并加入40~60毫克/升的萘乙酸钠,既可防止采前落果,同时药后全红或半红果可达80%~90%,而且提高含糖量。但应注意只能喷施健壮树,同时使果面充分着药。②喷施稀土。在果实膨大期和着色期喷2次500~600毫克/升的稀土溶液。③喷布比久(B9)。于采果前45~60天喷1次1000倍的比久溶液。2叶面喷肥在果实生长的中后期,喷施2~3次0.3%~0.4%的磷酸二氢钾溶液,间隔10~15天喷1次,能明显促进果实着色;另外,在着色前和着色期喷施2~3次叶面宝、喷施宝、美果露、惠满丰等叶面肥…     

龙眼初果树喷施“垦易”的丰产优质效应

“杨康，垦易”是种无毒无公害的微生物（活性）有机肥。它具有增强植物吸收利用功能，提供制造植物生长所需营养物质、螫合土壤中的各种养分被植物再吸收的作用。为验证该肥液在龙眼果实上的效应，在莆田县果树研究所龙眼试验园进行了本试验。供试品系有八年生“松风本”，行株距A米×3．3米。选择长势较一致的健壮果树作为试材。“垦易”是山东东营市中美合资的生物肥料有限公司生产的果蔬专用肥250ml瓶装。试验设“垦易”不同浓度和喷施次数：（l）300倍液3次；（2）400信液3次；（3）500倍液3次；（4）300倍液2次；（5）400倍液2次；（…     

大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白（VDAL）在生菜上的应用效果

摘要：为了明确新型植物免疫激活蛋白大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白对生菜苗期生长状况、品质和产量的影响，以散叶生菜大速生为试验材料，研究了在苗期喷施大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白可湿性粉剂（VDAL）2 500倍液、2 000倍液、1 500倍液、1 000倍液和500倍液，以及6%寡糖·链蛋白300倍液对生菜生长的影响效果。结果表明：喷施VDAL 1 500倍液处理对生菜有明显的壮苗和增产效果，生菜VC含量最高，为167.3 mg/kg，硝酸盐含量低于其他处理且显著低于VDAL 2 500倍液处理；所有处理均未测出亚硝酸盐成分；不同浓度处理间产量差异不显著，但是VDAL 2 500倍液、1 500倍液、1 000倍液处理的产量均显著高于清水对照。在生菜生产中，推荐使用VDAL 1 500倍液。     

25%啶菌噁唑乳油防治番茄灰霉病药效试验

为验证25%啶菌噁唑(菌思奇)乳油对番茄灰霉病的防治效果,我们开展了相关药效试验。试验结果表明,25%啶菌噁唑750倍液和500倍液连续施药2次后,第2次药后7d对番茄灰霉病的防效分别为63.46%和66.01%,防治效果较好,且番茄未出现药害症状。     

锌浸种对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

以黄瓜种子为研究材料,设置了7个锌浸种浓度（0,1,50,100,150,200,250mg／L）,研究了不同浓度的锌浸种处理对黄瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明,低浓度（0～100mg/L）锌处理对黄瓜种子的萌发有促进作用,在锌的浓度为100mg／L时,其发芽率最大,种子萌发第7天时的单株鲜质量、单株干质量、芽长、根长也达到最大值,且抑制率最低,高浓度（〉100mg／L）锌处理则对种子萌发表现出一定的抑制作用。     

不同水氮水平对全立架露地栽培伽师瓜光合特性与水分利用效率的影响

探讨不同水氮水平对全立架露地栽培伽师瓜膨果初期挂果叶片光合特性及水分利用效率日变化的影响,以期为全立架露地栽培伽师瓜的合理水氮管理提供依据。田间试验于2012年在新疆全立架栽培伽师瓜主产县岳普湖县进行,灌水定额3个水平为:5250、6750、8250m3·hm-2;施氮量3个水平为:0、225、375kg·hm-2;灌溉方式为沟灌。结果表明:全立架露地栽培伽师瓜膨果初期挂果叶片净光合速率日变化及气孔导度日变化均呈双峰曲线型,不同水氮水平下净光合速率的峰值分别出现在11:00-13:00和17:00左右,光合"午休"出现在15:00左右。6750、8250m3·hm-2的灌水量提高叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的效果明显,且具有较低的气孔限制值,但8250m3·hm-2高灌水量的瞬时水分利用效率低于6750m3·hm-2灌水量6.7%;适宜的灌水量下,225、375kg·hm-2的施氮量可提高叶片的净光合速率和瞬时水分利用效率,且程度相近。适宜喀什地区全立架露地栽培伽师瓜膨果初期挂果叶片进行光合作用的水氮组合为施氮素225kg·hm-2、灌水6750m3·hm-2,其在获得较高净光合速率的同时,也有助于水分利用效率的保持。     

CTRP3 increased insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes via decreasing expression of inflammatory factors

AIM:To investigate the effects of C1q/TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) on the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS:The insulin resistance model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was induced by palmic acid cultivation. The adipocytes were treated with different concentrations of recombinant CTRP3 protein (10, 50, 250,1 250 μg/L) for 12 h, and for different times (2, 6, 12, 24 h) at the concentration of 250 μg/L. The glucose consumption was detected by the glucose oxidase method. The glucose transport ratio was measured by 2-deoxidation-［3H］-glucose intake method. The contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) was measured by real-time PCR. The protein expression of GLUT-4 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS:Compared with normal control (NC) group, the glucose consumption and glucose intake ratio of insulin resistance (IR) group was decreased by 50.6% and 57.9%, respectively. Compared with IR group, with the increase in CTRP3 (10, 50, 250,1 250 μg/L) in intervention groups, the glucose consumptions were increased by 22.1%, 42.9%, 76.6% and 80.5%, respectively, and the glucose intake ratios were increased by 39.0%, 68.0%, 108.0% and 111.0%, respectively. With the increased duration (2, 6, 12 and 24 h) of CTRP3 treatment at the concentration of 250 μg/L, the glucose intake ratio was increased by 23.0%, 79.0%, 109.0% and 114.0%, respectively. The contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were decreased by 17.4% and 17.1% respectively as treated with CTRP3 at the concentration of 250 μg/L for 12 h, and the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was decreased by 26.0% and 18.9% respectively, while the mRNA and protein expression of GLUT-4 was increased by 61.5% and 55.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: CTRP3 may increase the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, improving the insulin signal transduction and increasing the expression of GLUT-4.     

钾肥对白羽品种葡萄的影响

1983—1985年在肖县苗山园艺场成年白羽品种葡萄上设株施250、500、750g氯化钾肥料作试验。3年结果表明,钾肥在施后第2年能增加产量,提高含糖量,增加新梢结果系数,但不显著;其主要作用是增强抗病性,在试验范围内病穗率随施钾量增多而减少;株施250g钾肥其有效期不超过两年;在碱地上施用氯化钾为避免Cl~-的不良影响,每株一次施量不应超过250g(51.5kg/亩)。     

A Gis-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.)

A geographic information system (GIS) approach was used in conjunction with forest-plot data to develop an integrated moisture index (IMI), which was then used to predict forest productivity (site index) and species composition for forests in Ohio. In this region, typical of eastern hardwoods across the Midwest and southern Appalachians, topographic aspect and position (rather than elevation) change drastically at the fine scale and strongly influence many ecological functions. Elevational contours, soil series mapping units, and plot locations were digitized for the Vinton Furnace Experimental Forest in southeastern Ohio and gridded to 7.5-m cells for GIS modeling. Several landscape features (a slope-aspect shading index, cumulative flow of water downslope, curvature of the landscape, and water-holding capacity of the soil) were used to create the IMI, which was then statistically analyzed with site-index values and composition data for plots. On the basis of IMI values for forest land harvested in the past 30 years, we estimated oak site index and the percentage composition of two major species groups in the region: oak (Quercus spp.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) plus black cherry (Prunus serotina). The derived statistical relationships were then applied in the GIS to create maps of site index and composition, and verified with independent data. The maps show the oaks will dominate on dry, ridge top positions (i.e., low site index), while the yellow poplar and black cherry will predominate on mesic sites. Digital elevation models with coarser resolution (1:24K, 1:100K, 1:250K) also were tested in the same manner. We had generally good success for 1:24K, moderate success for 1:100K, but no success for 1:250K data. This simple and portable approach has the advantage of using readily available GIS information which is time-invariant and requires no fieldwork. The IMI can be used to better manage forest resources where moisture is limiting and to predict how the resource will change under various forms of ecosystem management.     

醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑混用对防治草莓白粉病的增效作用

醚菌酯是防治草莓白粉病的新型杀菌剂,为筛选出对草莓白粉病具有增效作用的醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的混配组合,通过活体盆栽试验对草莓白粉病进行复配药剂筛选。结果表明：50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂（WG）与10%苯醚甲环唑WG（质量比分别为1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、1∶9）复配剂的共毒系数（CTC）分别为157.91、121.83、116.65、114.07和108.08|5个配比中,1∶1和1∶3配比表现增效作用,其余3个配比表现相加作用。综合增效作用和防治效果两方面考虑,醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑1∶1配比最佳。     

Growth of vetivergrass for cutslope landscaping: Effects of container size and watering rate

A slope greening technique using vetivergrass has been adopted in Hong Kong on shotcreted surfaces. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash is the most commonly used species. Soil packed PVC tubes of 250 mm long and 150 mm in diameter are installed on slopes to form planters for vetivergrass growth. However, there is a paucity of information on the optimal tube size for grass growth. Together with soil characteristics, tube size determines water and nutrient availability and the space for growth. This study aimed to assess the suitability of containers of different height and diameter, and the effects of different watering rates on the growth of vetivergrass in a greenhouse experiment. Seven container dimensions and three watering rates were evaluated, and the growth of vetivergrass was measured every three months in terms of aboveground biomass for a year, while underground biomass was determined at the end of the experiment. In general, increasing water supply, diameter and height supported a denser cover of vetivergrass for the purposes of erosion control and decorating hard surface of cutslopes. Vetivergrass grew better when watered at rates equivalent to 1× and 2× the amount of annual precipitation than that at 0.5×, but the effect of watering diminished with decreasing diameter and height. Grass dry matter production increased with the diameter and, to a lesser extent, height of the PVC tubes. If watering is not possible, i.e. under 0.5× or 1× watering rate, a PVC tube with 250 mm height and 150 mm diameter seems to be the most suitable container. On the other hand, if irrigation is feasible, a smaller container can be used without detrimental effect on grass growth.     

辣椒穴盘育苗中椰糠替代草炭的效果分析

草炭是短期内不可再生资源,而椰糠作为栽培基质可实现园林废弃物的资源化再利用,为探索椰糠替代草炭用于辣椒穴盘育苗的可能性,采用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩和椰糠作为育苗基质原料,复合基质中保持20%珍珠岩和20%蛭石（体积比）不变的条件下,以草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为3∶1∶1常用复合基质作为对照组,设计7种育苗基质组合,研究不同比例椰糠替代草炭对辣椒穴盘苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明：复合基质中椰糠替代草炭的处理对辣椒苗期生长指标、干鲜质量和SPAD值影响不尽相同,其中与对照相比,以椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1（体积比）处理效果最佳,不但促进了辣椒幼苗的生长,显著增加了株高、茎粗,而且能显著提高辣椒全株干、鲜质量,辣椒的壮苗指数高于对照,但壮苗指数、SPAD值均与对照无显著差异。综上所述,育苗基质中椰糠替代草炭能够有效改善辣椒幼苗质量,且椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1（体积比）为最佳辣椒育苗基质组合,说明椰糠可以全部代替草炭用于辣椒穴盘育苗。     

无公害农药防治北五味子白粉病田间药效试验

使用6种无公害农药对北五味子白粉病进行了室外防治试验,结果表明,选择的6种无公害农药均能有效防治北五味子白粉病,3次施药后各药剂的防治效果均在90%以上,北五味子植株经三唑酮1 250倍、天音3 000倍、良美6 000倍处理后,植株生长正常,而北五味子植株经药剂农特安800倍,粉锈醇2 500倍处理后,叶片尖部枯萎,出现黑斑,甚至枯死.良美属于生物农药,其主要成分为多抗霉素,对植株的生长影响较小,值得推广.     

环境因子对万寿菊开花的影响

通过分析不同营养配比和pH值处理万寿菊水培液的开花情况,试验得出,增施磷肥对万寿菊开花的影响较小;配施磷钾肥主要影响万寿菊的单株花朵数和花型大小;而配施钾肥对万寿菊的花期、单株花朵数和花型大小均有较好的影响。万寿菊开花较适宜的水培条件是pH值6．5,即弱酸到中性的环境。此时万寿菊的花期较长、花型较大、单株花朵数较多,花的颜色也最靓丽。