Study on Treatment and Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes after Completion of Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River

After completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River, protecting and improving the ecological environment of this area is becoming increasingly important factor in comprehensive progress of the economy and society of Chongqing City. The industrial solid wastes are one of the crucial factors influencing the environment quality of Three Gorges Area and they are also the hot and difficult problems influencing the development of economy and society of Chongqing City. At this point, firstly, the discharge, present situation, prospect and development of treatment and utilization of industrial wastes in Chongqing are summarized. Secondly, the experience at home and abroad are analyzed. Then, the way and foreground for recycling the wastes with new technology are also discussed. Finally, countermeasure for treatment and utilization of industrial solid wastes after completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River is brought up. The study on treatment and utilization technology of industrial solid wastes will be beneficial not only to the protection of ecological environment of Three Gorges Area, but to the development of new Chongqing City as well. In a word, it will have great environmental, social and economic benefits.     

苎麻组织培养和遗传转化研究进展

苎麻是优良的精纺纤维,也是重要植物蛋白饲料资源和新型生物质产业的基础材料,本文从组织培养和遗传转化两个方面,结合本实验室工作综述了苎麻组织培养和遗传转化研究的最新进展。在苎麻组织培养的外植体中以下胚轴和子叶最适宜,而在激素使用以6-BA诱导器官分化的效率最高,并以此为基础建立了苎麻再生体系。在苎麻遗传转化方面,目前以农杆菌介导法应用最多。本文还指出了苎麻转基因研究中存在的问题,并对生物技术培育苎麻新品种和促进苎麻生产的可能性进行了讨论。     

A Review on Medical Waste Management and Treatment in Chongqing Three Gorges Region

Medical waste ,belonging to one of top-ronking toxic wastes, should be safely deposed of. The characteristics and harmness of the medical wastes are introduced, and the practical status of medical wastes in Chongqing three gorges region, including waste management and disposal methods, is investigated. Because of the special characteristics of the waste, the paper proposes some measures for managing and separate collection and treatment in the region, including separate collection, sealed transportation, pretreatment, incineration and safe landfill, so that the ecological environment and water resource can be protected from pollution in the Three Gorges region.     

Solid Waste Management Information System Based on GIS in Chongqing

The large quantity of MSW (municipal solid waste) and ISW (industrial sold waste) piled up in Chongqing has been threatening ecological environment and water resource. Efficient management is the important guarantee of disposing solid waste. This paper describes the data system of Management Information System of the Solid Waste in Chongqing based on the GIS, construction of information database, overall structure, main functions, etc. Integrating related solid waste technology with computer and geographical system, it can provide the reliable, scientific and convenient management and decision-making support of solid waste in Chongqing. The information system, developed by means of Geographical Information System (GIS) on the basis of a great deal of data and graphs of solid waste of Chongqing, includes six sub-systems as follows:data input sub-system;data query sub-system;database management and maintenance sub-system;database of modal management sub-system;application and output sub-system;system management. This system provides friendly and easy operational interface, and plays a significant role in the disposal and management of solid waste in Chongqing.     

Assessing Bio-mechanical Properties of Isolated Myocardium With Ultrasound Indentation System

Rubbish of landfill is the resource put down at the incorrect place. In case of taking unfit measure, there will be not only the waste of available resource, but also leading to secondary pollution and losing the initial meaning of sanitary landfill. This paper discusses three usually occurred secondary pollutions in sanitary landfill,namely the water pollution,air pollution and soil pollution. Then it gives a series of advices,measures and reclamation of solid wastes. It pays more attention to the method of preventing leachate leaklng,the design and material for the impervious layer and the leachate collecting and so on. Then it introduces the technology of rubbish disposing and its new tendency in the future.     

The Study of Flammable Harmfuf Wastes Used as the Substifute Fuel in Cement Production

The discussion was made for research Conditions on flam mable harm ful wastes ued as the substifute fuel in cement production. The con clusion shows that this way is successful in energy saving and cost reduction,and it can be benifialin resource recovery and an effective way for cen tral dispOsal of regional flammable harmful wastes.     

Effect of Natural Resource on Improving Indoor Thermal Environment in Chongqing

Analyzes the potentials of natural resource to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resource including solar energy, wind, water and earth etc. The building forms, systems and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site-decision, building form design and computer simulation which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.     

利用固体废弃物微生物发酵产氢研究进展

归纳了厌氧发酵产氢微生物的种类、产氢途径及产氢原理以及利用固体废物发酵产氢的研究现状和发展趋势,重点阐述了当前利用富含碳水化合物的有机废弃物,如纤维素与淀粉含量高的农业与食品垃圾,诸如农作物秸秆、水果皮渣等作为发酵产氢的基质材料的研究进展。通过分析各种生物制氢的特征及研究进展,指出目前的研究主要集中于厌氧发酵产氢,但是近期的研究报道表明耦合的暗发酵-光发酵是更具有发展潜力的生物制氢方法。     

木薯渣、桉树渣固体发酵Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WJ22研制生物有机肥的配方研究

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WJ22为实验室保存的香蕉根际促生功能菌。利用牛粪有机肥和菜籽饼为基本原料,海南当地农业废弃物木薯渣和桉树皮为添加原料,研究该菌株的固体发酵配方工艺,最终获得利用该菌株研制的促生生物有机肥。结果表明,拮抗菌WJ22在菜籽饼含量为15%、木薯渣含量为20%、桉树渣含量为20%的原料混合物中固体发酵效果最佳,菌株数量超过2×109 cfu/(g·干重),远远超过国家固体生物有机肥的标准[2×107 cfu/(g·干重)]。盆栽试验结果表明,该配方研制的生物有机肥能够很好地促进香蕉苗期的生长。     

Preparation of Cementitious Material Based onAlkali GGBS Manganese Alloy Slag System

Manganese alloy slag is an industrial waste produced from manufacture of manganese alloy. Recent years environment pollution of manganese slag has been becoming heavier and heavier with the development of manganese industry. Aiming to sort out this problem, combination of manganese slag and ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) were applied to prepare alkali activated cementitious material. Compressive strength and flexural strength of cementitious material prepared with combination of alkali slag manganese slag were measured. And micro structure of hydration production was investigated by scanning electro microscope (SEM). It was shown that the flexural and compressive strength of cementitious material with alkali GGBS manganese slag system were decreased with the increase of replacement of GGBS by manganese slag. The increase of the fineness of manganese slag was favorable for strength improvement of the alkali GGBS manganese slag material. It was concluded that ground manganese slag had hydraulic activity in alkali activated cementitious material and the activity was lower than that of GGBS.     

Optimizing of Industry Structure of Chongqing in the Development of the Western Region

Before the gap enlarging among the areas in the western region, and on the basis of the theory and model of development pole, this paper studies the way of optimizing of industry structure of Chongqing in order to accelerate the rate of progress of the development of the western region, and to advance its economy power during it. By indexing the system's construction and analysing the demonstration, we consider that the instrument manufacturing sector, building, transport equipment manufacturing, general machinery, finance and insurance, and service industry of IT should be cultivated and supported as the cut-in industries in Chongqing.     

Building Mode of Informationization in Manufacturing Enterprises on Condition of Chongqing Industrial Cluster

Chongqing, the old industry base of China, whose main economic support is mass manufacturing that make up of traditional industries such as mechanism, enginery and metallurgy. This mass has come into being middle system organizations whose core is some big firms like Changan and Jialing, in addition, many related kit factories act as branches. These organizations have agility operation and high efficiency, but there are problems because of technology asymmetry which leads to low efficiency of the industry gathers supply chain when facing high informationization market cornpetition. By analyzing the character and deficiency of the Chongqing manufacturing industry gathers, through providing a framework of information service platform to enhance the mid-rain enterprises innovation capability and complex competition. Research on building method and operation method of enterprises informationization platform has been done successfully.     

A Primary Investigation on Concrete Made from Iron and Steel Slags for Building Ecological Artifical Reefs

A method of orthogonal test was used to optimize the strength of the cementitious material for preparing the concrete of high-strength artifical reefs.The results show that with the ratio of iron slag:steel slag=7:1,and when 10% cement clinker and 10% gypsum of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste (FGDW) was mixed with 80% iron and steel slags powder,the mixed cementitious material had an optimized strength.The optimized specific surface area are 480 m 2/kg and 550 m 2/kg for iron slag and steel slag powder respectively.The ordinary portland cement can be totally substituted by such a mixed cementitious material with iron and steel slags as its major components in preparing the concrete for building high-strength artificial reefs.A concrete with a compressive strengh over 65MPa can be prepared by using such a mixture as a cementitious material and steel slag grains as its fine and coarse aggregats which have been stubilized by a hot-simmering method. Hydration processes of net slurry were analysized by XRD and SEM methods. The results show that the hydration products in the system are mainly AFt and C-S-H gel. The results also show that the pozzolanic reaction of iron slags could be largely promoted by the coordinations of steel slags,clinker and FGDW.     

Present Situation of Water Resources in Chongqing and Countermeasures for Sustainable Utilization

The water resource is a material base for living and development of human beings, it is also an important component for study of the strategy for sustainable development of the today's society. In this paper, from the situation of water resource in Chongqing, according to the problems in development and utilization of water resource, some countermeasures are suggested to solve the problem of water deficiency and promote the sustainable utilization and development of the water resource.     

石蒜属植物鳞茎发育机理及调控研究进展

石蒜属植物是一类兼具药用与观赏价值的鳞茎类植物,产业化开发潜力大,然而其鳞茎发育缓慢、繁殖效率低,严重制约了商业化的发展。本研究就石蒜属植物鳞茎膨大以及小鳞茎发生这两个过程中的生理机制和调控措施展开综述,重点分析这两个生物学过程中碳水化合物代谢以及内源激素调控的变化规律,总结了包括外施激素、施肥以及农艺措施等人为调控石蒜鳞茎发育的手段,指出了目前石蒜的基础研究薄弱,配套的产业技术体系不完善等问题,并提出未来可以从加强石蒜鳞茎发育的基础研究、摸索形成高效繁育技术体系和高效生态栽培技术体系、以及打造石蒜观赏药用一体化产业链等方面入手,加速石蒜产业化的发展。     

Preparation of the supplementary cementitious material offerronickel submerged arc furnace slag and its properties

The ferronickel submerged arc furnace slags are stored up more and more, as a result, seriously influenced the sustainable development of the nickel industry. By grinding, the ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag is mechanically activated, then can be used as supplementary cementitious material, thus a comprehensive utilization way of ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag is developed. Using such processed slag to replace cement from 10% to 40% in mass, with the increase of replacing dosage, the water demand of standard consistency of cement paste is lowered, the fluidity of mortar is raised; the compressive strength of mortar is decreased; the flexural strength is increased followed by a decrease after the dosage is above 10%, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength is increased. The experimental results indicate that the ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag can be used as supplementary cementitious material and has an increase of flexural strength and effect of plasticizing and water reducing.     

北方农牧交错区生态循环农业发展模式路径研究——以河北省承德市种养废弃物资源化利用模式为例

推动农业废弃物资源化利用,对当前推进中国农业生态化转型、实现人居环境的不断改善具有重要意,而科学评估现有农业废弃物资源化利用模式、了解其再利用的物质循环导向十分必要。在运用归纳演绎法梳理承德市当前废弃物资源化利用面临的形势和存在的主要问题的基础上,进行实证分析,为其今后发展提出相应对策建议。研究认为,承德市农业废弃物资源化利用方面仍存在一定问题,总体呈现在废弃物资源化利用率低、社会各级重视度低和生态化转型技术尚不成熟。在上述问题研究基础上提出对策建议,即统筹规划,加快相关政策法规落实;加强科研攻关,做到产学研相协调;激励补偿,调动社会各界对资源化利用的参与度和积极性;加快生态型农业转变,完善种养结合,打造废弃物供需平衡;构建资源化利用市场,推动相关产业融合发展。     

生物质-垃圾混合燃烧特性及其环境分析

由于生物质-垃圾混合燃烧可以明显提高垃圾入炉热值、并缓解生物质露天无序燃烧所造成的大气污染和交通安全威胁等,因此逐渐成为国内外研究的重点。但是生物质掺烧的同时也带来了结渣加剧、腐蚀增强和PM10、二噁英排放量增大等问题。本文针对生物质的特点及其与垃圾混燃过程中产生的环境问题进行分析,对生物质掺烧进行综合的评价和认识。     

Building Technology and Art of Tujia Folk Houses in the Southeast Chongqing

以"陕秋白"大白菜成熟叶球为试材,研究了低温条件下4种保鲜液的保鲜效果.结果表明,在保持切割白菜9分水平上,各处理的效果依次为D＞C＞ck＞B＞A;在7分水平上,各处理的效果依次为D＞A＞C＞ck>B;在5分水平上,A、C、D处理效果相近,高于对照,处理B与对照相近.总体比较,0.01%NaHSO3的D处理和0.01%NaClO的C处理保鲜效果较好.并对保鲜期间出现的褐变、霉变、愈伤组织等现象进行了分析与讨论.     

Analysis on the Disposal of the Industrial Solid Waste in the Three Gorges Region

The second step of water storage for Three Gorges Reservoir will be executed in Jue,2003. Because there is still a large quantity of industrial solid waste(ISW) dumped on the reservoir bottom where should be cleaned before water storage and wastes should be disposed. After a full investigation and analyze, the total amount of ISW in the Chongqing reservoir area is about 1.66 million tons. According the principles of safe, economical and reliable, this paper describes the ISW's treatment. The ordinary ISW which is harmless and non toxic after identification should be treated on-site, the ISW that exceeds the national standards should be removed and be disposed in the landfill, and the hazardous waste should be removed for disposition or storage.