Numeric Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of a Prestressed Concrete Beam

The finite element of a prestressed concrete (PSC) beam is analyzed in a case of diverse prestressing forces. The mechanical model applied is that advanced by Clough for a concrete beam bearing axial force. The results indicate that the beam frequencies decrease with increasing prestressing force. A dynamic experiment of a non bonded PSC beam was carried out to validate the veracity of the finite element analysis. Test beam frequencies increase with increasing prestressing force. The analysis model thus is unfit for frequency analysis of a PSC beam. The determinant factor of frequencies is analyzed, and the dynamic model is modified according to experimental results. The modified model analysis result shows that: the calculated frequencies of mode 1 agree with the test results well; the frequencies of mode 2 posses some errors; and, the modified model can reflect the direction of frequency change along with the change of prestressing force well.     

Ar+离子束介导白棉全DNA转化彩棉中酚类物质的研究

通过25 KeV不同剂量Ar 离子注入和DNA溶液浸泡法,将白棉全DNA导入彩棉.观察了Ar 离子注入后处理及ck的发芽率;再以彩棉开花期叶片为实验材料,研究茎叶中的茶多酚及多酚氧化酶含量的变化.结果表明:随Ar 离子剂量的升高,发芽率呈现马鞍形变化,GTP、PPO含量也都有不同程度的增长;这说明Ar 离子注入可显著促进外源DNA导入受体,增加了后代的变异频率并且增强彩棉的抗病性.     

多频超声波清洗机在叶类蔬菜清洗中的应用

清洗是蔬菜加工的关键环节,对品质至关重要.采用自行研制的超声及气泡式清洗设备对消费量较大的叶类蔬菜(生菜)进行清洗,以洗净率和破损率为指标,对清洗效果进行评价.结果表明,气泡式清洗在清洗时间40 s,洗菜量500 g条件下,生菜洗净率达到100％,此时破损率为12.89％;采用超声清洗时,在频率68 kHz,功率900 W,时间40 s,洗菜量750 g条件下,生菜洗净率为100％时,破损率为9.62％.可见当清洗时间相同,洗净率均达到100％时,超声清洗方式的洗菜量增加50％,破损率降低25.4％.因此,超声清洗方式更具优势.     

电子束对不同虫态小眼书虱的辐照效应

为了控制小眼书虱对烟草及其它仓储物的危害,利用不同剂量的电子束对不同虫态的小眼书虱进行辐照处理,研究了其辐照效应。结果表明,小眼书虱的卵、若虫、成虫对电子束辐照的敏感性依次降低;100 Gy剂量辐照处理的小眼书虱卵不能孵化;成虫和若虫经辐照后21 d的半致死剂量LD50分别为179.1 Gy和130.9 Gy;300 Gy剂量辐照处理的小眼书虱成虫和若虫分别在63 d和49 d内全部死亡,并且导致成虫不能产生下一代成虫。因此,300 Gy的剂量可以作为电子束辐照防治小眼书虱的参考剂量。     

危害白蜡树云斑天牛种群不同虫态的数量动态和频次比较

旨在为黄河三角洲地区危害白蜡树的云斑天牛的防治提供指导。通过调查白蜡树林地云斑天牛的产卵刻槽、排粪孔和羽化孔的数量,研究卵、幼虫和成虫(蛹)种群数量动态和频次。结果表明,危害白蜡树的云斑天牛种群卵、幼虫和成虫(蛹)的种群增长曲线是凹形,卵期虫口数大,死亡率也高。单株树上卵、幼虫和成虫(蛹)的数量与其频数负相关,随着单株白蜡树受云斑天牛危害加重,同一受害程度树木的株数下降。云斑天牛种群的卵、幼虫、成虫(蛹)的频次统计均为负二项分布,不同虫态所对应的空间分布格局为聚集分布。危害白蜡树和杨树种群云斑天牛种群的空间分布和动态变化基本相同,寄主对云斑天牛的空间分布和动态变化影响较小。     

基于COSIM模型的棉花冷害预测研究

 为了防御和减轻新疆地区棉花低温冷害,对冷害发生进行可行性预测,本文运用COSIM棉花模型逐年模拟石河子地区乌兰乌苏1961－2005年、喀什地区莎车1961－2009年的棉花生长状况,对模拟结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,棉花吐絮日期和7月1日、8月1日、9月1日等关键日期的生物量与冷害是否发生具有显著的相关关系;运用模型预测的准确率、漏报率、空报率对冷害预报因子进行优度评价,认为吐絮期日期、7月1日的发育期指数、8月1日的叶质量占总干物质质量比例和9月1日的生殖器官质量均可以作为冷害预报的要素指标,在新疆棉区应用取得较好的结果,其中用于南疆棉区的冷害预测结果符合度达到97%以上。这说明基于作物模型进行冷害预测是可行的。     

Experimental Analysis on Shear Strengthening Capacity of Secondary Dapped end Beams

Because section steel can only be extended to the edge of the support, when a simple support RC beam is reinforced by bonded section steel, a notch comes into being at the end of the beam which is called a secondary dapped end beam, making the stress state of the beam more complex. Through experimental analysis on 21 dapped end beam specimens shear reinforced by steel plate bonded, the deformation process, performing characteristics and failure mechanism of the specimens were investigated. The result shows that two steel bonded forms, including horizontal steel plate and oblique steel plate with angle 45° bonded, delay the appearance of cracks significantly and improve the maximum bearing capacity by 102% and 93%. Due to the impact of stress concentration at the notch, the main modes of damage include concrete tensile or shear failure with the result of bonding failure of a steel plate. By changing the width of steel plates and analyzing different reinforcement effects, formula of bearing capacity of shear reinforcement was proposed based on the method of truss analogue, which provides a reference for engineering application.     

高能电子辐照对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响

为探讨高能电子束对猕猴桃贮藏品质及生理生化的影响,以‘红阳’猕猴桃为试材,采用250、500、1000、1500 Gy 等不同剂量高能电子束辐照猕猴桃,置于温度为(1±1)℃、湿度85%~90%冷库中贮藏,研究不同剂量高能电子束辐照对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,500~1000 Gy电子束辐照剂量为猕猴桃保鲜的适宜使用范围,结合冷藏温度为(1±0.5)℃、相对湿度为80%~90%贮藏技术,可显著降低果实的呼吸强度,显著抑制果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及Vc含量的下降;对果皮及果肉叶绿素的降解有较强的抑制作用,减缓了贮藏期间果肉的褐变,较好地保持了膜完整性,有效地控制了猕猴桃采后的软化衰老进程,减少了其贮藏期间的腐烂变质,保持了果实鲜艳的外观色彩和果肉色泽。其中辐照剂量为500 Gy的电子束辐照处理结合低温贮藏,可使猕猴桃的安全保鲜期由原来的30 天（腐烂率低于10%）延长至80 天（腐烂率为0）,Vc含量可达129.62 mg/100 g。1500 Gy的电子束辐照剂量在一定程度上对果实造成了伤害,为猕猴桃辐照保鲜工艺的临界点。     

Impact of Temperature in Air-conditioned Room on Blood Rheological Characteristics

Based on the reversed cyclic loading tests of 21 nearly full-size interior joints in completed reinforced concrete frames,the law of bond deterioration of beam bars crossing the joint is tested and analyzed,which is influenced by the axial load ratio,shear-compression ratio,reinforced bar strength,concrete strength and the relative length of beam bars crossing the joint. By the nonlinear fitting method, the formula of the bond stress r between steel crossing interior joints and concrete under different loading step is obtained. According to the loading approach, the propositional formula of the relative length of beam bars crossing the joint hc/d is presented, which is influenced by axial load ratio, shear-compression ratio ,reinforced bar strength and concrete strength.     

不同基因型冬小麦花药出愈率及其愈伤组织的蛋白质电泳分析

用不同基因型的冬小麦品种花药在Ｗ１４２培养基（改进的Ｗ１４培养基）上获得较高的出愈率，但不曲因型之间仍存在着显著的差异。用Ｐｈａｒｍａｃｉａ公司ＰｈａｓｔＳｙｓｔｅｍ电泳仪对不同基因型小麦花药及其愈伤组织蛋白质进行等电聚焦电泳和ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析，观察到不同基因型花药蛋白质之间存在着差异，并且初步认为这种蛋白质差异与出愈率有相关性。不同基因型花药愈伤组织之间观察不到明显的带型区别，但它     

Computation of Natural Frequencies of a Rotating Beam

On Kane's dynamic equation,the ordinary finite element dynamic equation of a rotating beam is developed,and the apparent three dimension element matrices are obtained. Finally the natural frequencies of a rotating beam are figured out and compared with those of ordinary method.     

Experimental Study on a Prestressed Frame of Two Spans Under Unsymmetric Load

By the experimental study on a full-dimensioned prestressed frame of two spans, the relative factors are analyzed such as relative height of equivalent compression zone in critical section, secondary moment, ratio of beam rigidity to column and development of cracks in the top of columns etc., which influence the moment distribution of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete frame from the side of internal force redistribution. It is believed that that the factors of relative height of concrete equivalent compression zone and secondary moment influence the moment modulation in most degree, and ratio of column rigidity to beam also plays a part in the moment modulation to some extent. Second, the plastic joints of frame with excessive spans exit in the span which endure the whole load, at last the whole frame is destroyed because of the destruction of the loading frame, the influence to the non-loading span is little.     

Several Matters to be Noticed During the Moment Modulation Design of Prestressed Concrete Frame

The moment modulation of prestressed concrete frame has some differences compared with that of continuous beam.Based on the analysis of ratio of column linear rigidity to beam one,form of load,second moment and plastic hinge in column,this paper is intended to get some helpful advise for moment modulation design.     

Effect of high proton beam irradiation on pasting properties of rice starch

Rice seed was treated by high proton beam irradiation up to 1,200 Gy in order to elucidate physicochemical properties of irradiated rice starch. The decrease of amylose content in two rice cultivars ranged 3.5 to 3.6% compared to the non-irradiated rice under the highest proton beam irradiation (1,200 Gy). Gel consistency in japonica rice cultivar Ilpum was significantly increased with increasing proton beam irradiation. Its values approached 9.7 in the Ilpum rice cultivar and 8.7 cm in the Hanmaum rice cultivar. The peak viscosity, hot peak viscosity, cool peak viscosity, and setback were significantly decreased with increasing proton beam dose. High proton beam irradiation caused a significant decrease in the onset temperature (T _o ), peak temperature (T _p ), conclusion temperature (T _c ), and enthalpy change (ΔH). Gelatinization range (R) in two rice cultivars was more broaden in higher proton beam irradiation than in low proton beam irradiation. The crystallinity degree of two rice starches irradiated with high proton beam was significantly increased and it ranged from 3.25 and 4.39% compared to the non-irradiated rice starches. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes changes of starch, especially at high irradiation of proton beam.     

Simulation Analysis of Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam in Salt-frost Environment

Considering the damage of concrete mechanical properties and bonding behavior between the steel bar and concrete after the freezing and thawing function in the numerical simulation, the nonlinear analysis on flexural performance of reinforced concrete beam which experiences different salt-frost cycles is conducted, and the evolution law of resistance performance of reinforced concrete beam is studied. It is shown that, in the salt-frost environment, the decrease of concrete mechanical properties is the main reason that causes the degeneration of RC beam on flexural performance, while the reduction of bonding property has an unobvious effect on the beam resistance performance. When the salt-frost cycles reach a certain level, the beam failure pattern would change from the under-reinforced failure to over-reinforced failure. The freeze-thaw damage of bonding property in the beam-ends anchorage zone has a certain effect on the beam resistance behavior, especially for the more serious freeze-thaw degree, the resistance performance of the beam reduces about 4% than the perfect anchor beam.     

Design Approach on Flexural Load-carrying Capacity of Steel Beam to CFST Column Joints with External Stiffening Ring

A 3-D finite element model is established by ABAQUS to simulate the behavior of the joints with concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column to steel beam using external stiffening ring.The load versus deformation curves of this type of joints are compared between theoretical and experimental results,and in good agreement.Parametric analysis is performed to study the flexural load-carrying capacity of the joint.The width of external stiffening ring,the steel ratio of CFST column,the ultimate strength of steel beam,the strength of steel tube and beam,the concrete strength,the axial load ratio,and the beam to column linear stiffness ratio are considered as parameters.The simplified practical design approach is proposed based on parameter analysis of the flexural load-carrying capacity of these joints.The practical calculated values are in good agreement with the FEM results.     

Experimental Research on the Seismic Behavior of the Interior Joint with High Shear - Compression Ratios in the Frame

The reversed cyclic loading tests of 5 nearly full-scale beam-column assembly specimens with high shear-compression ratio under different axial loads in reinforced concrete plane frames have been completed,which cover the shortage in the field of high shear-compression parameter among seismic joint experiments in the world.Based on relatively complete measuring and analyses of the law for the bond and slip of the beam bar through the joint,the stress of the level stirrup legs and hysteretic dissipated energy and the change of rigidity,the characteristic of shear transfer mechanisms and damage development and comprehensive seismic behavior of the assembly are proposed in this paper.It makes it possible to improve design codes and to establish relatively reasonable analytic modes and hysteretic modes in inelastic dynamic response analyses of the frame.     

基于主成分分析的吸鱼泵对鱼类损伤评价方法

采用主成分分析法建立吸鱼泵的损伤综合评价方法,为吸鱼泵的研究与改进提供装备技术参数。使用真空吸鱼泵对鲫鱼进行吸捕试验,获取鱼体损伤数据。通过测定体表损伤面积比率、24 h存活率、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力、肌酐(Cr)含量等多个关键指标值,采用主成分分析法进行相关性分析,建立损伤综合评价模型。结果显示：采用主成分分析法提取出3个主成分的累积贡献率达到78.232%,可反映出鱼体损伤的大部分情况;损伤评价综合评价模型：F=0.285X₁+0.111X₂+0.316X₃+0.366X₄-0.118X₅+0.234X₆,真空吸鱼泵对鱼的体表和内脏无显著损伤情况,综合得分-0.102,与对照组接近,表明真空吸鱼泵对鱼的损伤影响很小。研究表明,SOD活力、白细胞数和体表损伤面积比率是对损伤评价影响较大的数据指标,采用主成分分析法建立的综合损伤评价模型可以作为评价鱼损伤情况的一种可行方法,为吸鱼泵的改进研究提供了有力参考。     

天竺葵品种、胡瓜钝绥螨和花粉对西花蓟马为害水平影响

研究了天竺葵品种、释放胡瓜钝绥螨和添加花粉对西花蓟马为害水平的影响。结果表明,是否添加花粉和添加花粉的时间对西花蓟马的为害水平没有影响,而品种对西花蓟马的为害水平有显著影响,并且品种和胡瓜钝绥螨对西花蓟马的为害水平有交互作用,在每一个相同的胡瓜钝绥螨处理下,西花蓟马对品种Sybil Holmes为害水平明显高于Amethyst 96。在不同品种上,胡瓜钝绥螨作用不同,对于品种Sybil Holmes来说,是否释放胡瓜钝绥螨以及不同释放比例对西花蓟马的为害水平没有影响,而对于品种Amethyst 96,在胡瓜钝绥螨与西花蓟马为1∶2高比例释放胡瓜钝绥螨处理下,西花蓟马的为害水平明显低于1∶10低比例释放和没有释放胡瓜钝绥螨的处理。     

1961—2018年吉林省水稻低温冷害时空变化特征

为了研究吉林省水稻低温冷害时空演变规律,采用水稻生长发育和产量形成气象影响模式,判定吉林省1961—2018年水稻障碍型和延迟型冷害,利用数理统计方法分析水稻低温冷害时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2018年吉林省水稻障碍型和延迟型低温冷害发生站数比呈降低趋势,障碍型低温冷害主要以轻度冷害为主,中度次之,重度最少。重度延迟型冷害发生站数比高于轻度和中度冷害。障碍型冷害发生站数比在1981—1990年最高,延迟型冷害发生站数比在1971—1980年最高。吉林省水稻障碍型低温冷害发生频率呈由西向东逐渐升高的趋势,20世纪90年代之后,冷害主要分布在东部。延迟型冷害发生频率也由西向东逐渐上升,但轻度和中度冷害主要集中分布在中西部,重度冷害主要集中在东部。研究成果可为吉林省合理搭配不同熟性的水稻品种,充分利用热量资源,抵御低温冷害提供保障。