Improvement Algorithm of Generation Cost Based on Reliability

This paper discusses the influenced manner of reliability on bidding, and establishes the direct functional relationship among reliability, generation cost and electricity price in different risk of power generation. In this function model, the generation cost and the price could reflect the current reliability of equipment in a dynamic way. The generation risk is also considered in competitive bidding. The bidding strategy based on this model helps the power plant acquire the optimal benefit.     

Equilibrium Research on Product Quality Index and Pricing Strategy

This paper defines the concept of product quality index to describe the product quality differentiation. The author analyses the inferences of product quality index on the product demand function and the cost functions.Then,it proposes a theoretical model of the equilibrium choices of product quality index,quantity and price By calculating theequilibrium outcome,the paper points out what strategies the enterprise should choose in different conditions.     

A Discussion on How to Control Project Cost during Construction Stage

In this paper, how to effectively control building cost under the current situation is discussed, due to that the engineers take part into project management only in the stage of construction. It points out that the engineers should notice the following issues when applying cost control: they should be experienced with necessary knowledge on building cost and contracts control, analyze each cost in bills of project volume carefully, sign a set of reasonable contracts, pay attention to the site sign, understand their skills of claim for compensation and pay much attention to cost control during settlement stage.     

基于成本核算的征地安置补偿方式比较研究

【研究目的】拟在对征地的多种安置方式进行成本分析基础上,以杭州市虾龙圩村被征耕地为例,研究征地中各种安置方式的成本差异;【研究方法】采用区片综合地价法、社会保障法和基准地价法分别计算货币安置、社会保障安置和留用地安置的安置成本;【结果】货币安置没有考虑到土地预期收益、土地的增值性,安置成本最低,社会保障安置易受被征耕地面积、劳动力人口比例影响,安置成本略高于货币安置的成本,留用地安置考虑到了土地区位,区域经济经济情况等影响土地价格的因素,安置成本最高;【结论】由于各类安置方式的补偿目标、补偿手段、费用计算方法不同,政府当期或近中期支付成本迥异。     

Measurements to Protect Owners'' Benefits under the Non-price Bottom Bidding

Investment on construction projects has become an important factor in improving the development of economy in China.The non-price bottom bidding is a representation that the investment on projects is becoming standardized.During the years of trying out the non-price bottom bidding,the colluding in bidding or bidding below the cost has happened several times,which have damaged the benefits of owners.To solve theses problems,this paper firstly studies the reason of these problems-the failure in the normal relationship between principal and agent.Then,some measures have been presented as follows: building systematic and scientific system of qualification prejudication,judging behaviors of colluding in bidding and bidding below the cost with reason and providing a surety mechanism of the project.The authors hope that these measures are beneficial to non-price bottom bidding.     

The Cost Calculate Method on Choose Vendors Based on the Supply Chain

At present, when the enterprises that have implemented the SCM chose co - vendors, all kinds of methods have been employed to appraise them. These results are always influenced by the members' subjective attitude at any rate. Based on the fact that the cost is the most important factor when choosing, and according to the requirement of the enterprise on the supply chain, the authors research the cost's component on supply chain. The cost includes: quality cost, price cost, stock cost, OOS cost, transportation cost and other cost. By calculating the products'practical cost synthetically , the enterprises could choose the vendors whose cost is cheapest as their co - vendors. The calculate cost is an objective and feasible method to choosing vendors reasonably. Finally, some examples and related discussion are given.     

Problems in China''s Building Market and Their Countermeasures

There is chaos existed in the building market systems to some degrees in recent years, which has not only endangered the engineering quality and safety, but also has caused lower investment benefit as well as corrupted cadres and social vogue. So it is necessary to further rectify the building market. In this paper, the main existing problems including breaching the principle of bidding, contracting, rules of owners, monopolization and blockage, involving main bodies and government branches are analyzed. Then corresponding solutions in domestic building market from the standings of construction procedure, legal system, law execution supervision and management of main bodies are pointed out.     

Study on the Application of Communications Mechanism of Multi-agent Cooperation System in Tender Offer and Bidding

The quantity of work is needed to calculate the cost in tender offer and bidding. We represent the characteristic of KQML and put forward the idea of constructing the cost calculation system, which includes quantities calculation agents and cost calculation agents, applicable for not only tender bidding but also tender offer. The emphasis is to construct the communications mechanism between two kinds of agents by KQML. Then a communications application example between two kinds of Agent is depicted.     

Application of Shadow Profit in the Quoting of Logistic Company

Quoting price is an important technology in the process of logistic company. The degree of the price has direct effect on the enterprise's profit, and whose correctness influences whether an enterprise can hold its client. In the operation of ship, due to the phenomenon of empty container, it is difficult to decide the quoted price to use the traditional quoting method based on the cost, because if the price is too high, the client can't accept it, but if the price is too low, it can't ensure an enterprise's profit. In this article, we will apply the economy meaning of shadow profit in the corresponding theory to resolve the problem of quoting price in the phenomenon of empty containers in operation of ship. The profit model and correspond opposite model are built, the theory and meaning of shadow benefit are discussed, and some classified formulae and quoting guide lines based on shadow profit are proposed. An example will be used to prove that the quoting theory based on shadow profit can validly direct the quoting price of logistic company for the added goods in the phenomenon of empty container.     

Enterprise''s Multi-dimensional Cost Analysis Based on OLAP

With the continuous development of modern scientific management of enterprise, the managers need to study enterprise's cost from all views including product customer department,etc., but there is still not a feasible accounting method to support it. This paper describes an efficient method of developing multi dimensional cost views to support enterprise's multi dimensional cost analysis by incorporating the knowledge activity based on costing and OLAP technology.     

Optimal bidding models of power plants considering transmission congestion

In order to achieve optimal bidding strategy of power plants in electricity market, the authors build optimal bidding model by predicting the bidding coefficients of competitors, and the optimal bidding coefficient without considering transmission capacity is achieved. Based on the bidding coefficients, the market clearing model is built, and the expected market clearing price is achieved. According to the expected values, the authors calculate the power flow. When forecasting the transmission congestion, this paper presents an optimal bidding model taking transmission congestion into account. Based on sensitivity analysis, the output regulation of power plants with minimum cost of eliminating congestion is achieved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can help power plants achieve the optimal profit.     

海洋溢油损失评估体系构建

全球海洋溢油事故频繁发生,已经成为影响经济发展、生态平衡、社会稳定发展的重要制约因素。因此,建立一套全面、系统的海洋溢油损失评估体系非常重要。在前人的研究基础上,将海洋溢油损失分为直接损失及间接损失,建立其子评估指标并提供货币化评估模型及方法,运用直接市场法、问卷调查法、替代成本法、成果参照法、碳税法、影子工程法、恢复费用法等一系列评估方法进行构建。构建全面、系统的海洋溢油损失评估体系能对海洋溢油损失进行有效的货币化定量分析,为中国海洋溢油事故后续赔偿、提高溢油事故应急能力等提供依据。     

北京市鸡蛋及其相关行业市场分析及展望

为了确定北京市鸡蛋价格波动规律及其影响因素,本研究采用指标分析、变异系数、季节调整模型以及HP滤波等方法,结合鸡蛋生产、商品代蛋雏鸡、饲料市场等鸡蛋相关行业市场情况,对北京市鸡蛋批发市场行情进行了分析。结果表明：2002—2012年,北京市批发市场鸡蛋月度价格呈上升趋势,振幅呈阶段性放大特征,大致经历了三个完整的波动周期,每个周期持续时间为37个月,年度内鸡蛋价格呈“一峰一谷”型,高价区集中在7—12月;年度内上市量与鸡蛋价格呈反向关系。玉米、蛋鸡配合饲料以及商品代蛋雏鸡等主要养殖成本增加是鸡蛋价格上升的重要原因之一。因此,应加强监测预警、建立鸡蛋价格保险制度、发展鸡蛋期货,以稳定鸡蛋价格、减少生产经营损失。     

The Bankruptcy System and the Auction Model of Management Buyout

This paper studied how the auction processis influenced by bankruptcy probability, bankruptcy cost, and the corporatetax rate. The study found thatthe bidding price of the management is negatively associated with bankruptcy cost and probability, and positivelyassociated with the corporate tax. However, the expected profit of the outside investor is positivelyassociated with bankruptcy cost and probability, and negatively associated with the corporate tax. When the bankruptcy cost and probabilityis high enough, the acquisition market would be totally inefficient.     

Analysis of Game on Layoff Mechanism for Human Resource in Enterprise

Under the conditions of shortage of demand on goods, the prices of goods and the economic benefit of enterprise will fall. The enterprise should adjust management and decision-making and some employees whose output values are lower than their wages from the enterprise will be fired. The layoff mechanism from the enterprise can provide an efficient way for these employees to leave voluntarily. As long as the total value of reword outward of the enterprise can exceed their total output values, the layoff mechanism can be put in practice. There is the economic game on the final price for the layoff during the process. In the cases of reaching consistent agreement on it or not between the employees and the enterprise, the results of game such as Nash equilibrium and stratagem are respectively discussed. The degree of uncertainty of the faith on the price from the arbitrator will affect largely the equilibrium when the arbitrator is involved.     

再论农产品绿色营销策略

绿色消费和绿色营销是当今国际农产品市场的主潮流,在国际和国内市场竞争的条件下,企业应积极推行农产品绿色营销。在分析农产品绿色营销的现状及存在问题的基础上,对农产品绿色营销的产品、价格、渠道和促销策略进行了研究。     

Dynamic Management of Engineering Cost Based on Internet in Construction Company

According to the need of engineering cost management reform and with the development of computer technology, application of Internet and establishment of national and local engineering cost information system, the construction company should have their engineering cost information system. Especially, there should be the dynamic information system for dynamic management of engineering cost to promote the reform of engineering cost management and satisfy the need of company development.     

密集烤房烟气余热回收系统的设计与应用

对烟叶烘烤过程中产生的烟气余热进行回收利用,可实现节能减排、降低成本的目的。在密集烤房上搭建烟气余热回收系统,并与未采用烟气余热回收的密集烤房进行对照试验。试验结果表明,该系统节煤效果明显,平均每千克干烟叶的耗煤量为1.015 kg,比对照烤房节省0.362 kg,节煤率达到26.29%,烘烤成本降低0.33元/kg,节本率达到19.88%。此外,该系统烤后烟叶的外观质量、等级结构以及烟叶均价与对照密集烤房相比略有提高,不影响烟叶品质。     

Electricity Pricing Regulation in Demand Side Management

Time of use(Tou) price is one of the most efficient measure for modern demand side management(DSM).But a scientifically pricing is based on understanding the function of pricing mechanism and comprehensive analysis to social benefit.The authors develop a pricing model by game theory based on analysis of consumer's response to the time of-use price and analyze the pricing regulation of government for maximum social benefit.A conclusion is drawn,which suggests that government should let the electricity corporation to pricing, but just give a regulation on the average price level.     

江汉平原小麦生产现状及分析——以湖北省天门市为例

江汉平原小麦常年种植面积约40万hm²,是湖北小麦主产区。为了解江汉平原小麦生产现状及存在的问题,于2017-2019年采用入户调查问卷的方式,对以湖北省天门市为代表的172个农户小麦种植情况进行调查,包括小麦生产情况、肥料施用、病虫害防治、农机投入及生产效益,分析影响江汉平原小麦生产的主要制约因素。结果表明,江汉平原小麦平均产量为4762kg/hm²,小麦种植成本为5776元/hm²,其中机械作业费>肥料费用>种子费用>人工费用>农药费用,年均生产效益为3215元/hm²;与稻茬小麦相比,旱茬小麦单产高、种植成本低、生产效益高;不同年际间小麦生产由于气候条件及播种质量的影响差异明显,2018-2019年度小麦产量及生产效益显著高于2016-2017和2017-2018年度。提高江汉平原小麦产量和生产效益,可从农机农艺配套技术、化肥农药减施增效技术和抗灾应变技术以及优化小麦品种布局等方面开展。