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不同年份的气候和栽培条件对冬小麦产量构成因素的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
为了给冬小麦高产栽培提供理论依据.通过多年的高产攻关与小区高产栽培试验,对冬小麦的产量构成因素和产量进行了研究。结果表明.在一定的地区范围内,高产冬小麦丰年穗粒数多,穗粒重高,穗数是构成产量的主导因素,穗粒数次之.千粒重的作用很小.产量随着穗数、穗粒数的增加和千粒重的降低而提高;欠年穗粒数或千粒重大大低于平年.穗粒重低,穗数仍然是构成产量的主导因素.穗粒数次之,千粒重的作用很小,产量随着穗数和穗粒重的增加而提高;平年穗粒数与千粒重互补或穗数与穗粒重互补或穗、粒、重三因素适宜,就能够取得理想产量。因此,不同年份,采取相应技术措施,减少气候条件的不利影响.只有穗数达到甚至突破适宜范围的高限又不倒伏.才能使小麦产量丰年创高产,平年获丰收.欠年不减产。 相似文献
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利用数量化理论Ⅰ方法筛选和确定乡镇域耕地土壤肥力综合评价的4个主导因子,分析表明,土壤质地、灌溉条件、土壤有机质和土壤铅含量这四个因子能代表所评价的研究区土壤肥力所需要的绝大部分的信息,可作为龙海市东园镇和角美镇耕地土壤肥力综合评价的主导因子。 相似文献
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为解析冬小麦产量差的产生机制和高产的限制因子,对河北省曲周县123个农户田块进行田间管理实时跟踪和农户走访调研,结合社会因素分析了田块尺度产量差及其影响因素。结果表明,农户田块的产量范围为7.09~9.93 t·hm~(-2),田块间变异为2.84 t·hm~(-2),田块产量变异较大。小农户生产条件下产量差的产生是由诸多因素综合导致的,这些因素包括品种、播期、播量、耕作方式、灌水、肥料(N、P_2O_5、K_2O)施用量、N基施比、生育期内灌水次数等。其中,造成该地区产量差的主导因素按照影响力由大到小依次为春季第一次灌水时间、播量、播期。同时,农户的学历水平、投入农田管理的时间也是产量差形成的重要因素。因此,小农户生产条件下冬小麦产量的提高需要简化和综合的高产技术措施。 相似文献
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为明确冬小麦品质形成的气候条件,本研究利用2006-2015年中国5个小麦主产省(河北、山东、河南、安徽、江苏)冬小麦的10个品质指标数据及其抽穗至成熟期的气候资料,统计并分析了5个省内冬小麦抽穗至成熟期的气候资源特征、4种筋型(强筋、中强筋、中筋和弱筋)冬小麦的品质特征以及两者的关系。结果表明,不同筋型冬小麦同一品质指标的主导气候因子不同,同种筋型冬小麦的不同品质指标的主导气候因子也不同。整体上看,冬小麦品质形成的主导气候因子为温热和水湿因素。强筋冬小麦品质主要受抽穗至成熟期内≥32 ℃的高温日数和降水量影响,温热条件越好,强筋冬小麦品质越优;中强筋冬小麦品质主要受抽穗至成熟期内降水日数和气温日较差影响,且两者的贡献均为负(延伸性除外);中筋冬小麦品质主要受抽穗至成熟期内最高温度和降水日数影响,最高温度越高,品质越差;对于弱筋冬小麦,抽穗至成熟期内日最高气温≥32 ℃的持续天数越多或空气湿度越大,其品质越差。 相似文献
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当前我国休闲茶庄受自然环境、地域风貌、水土气候等条件影响,各茶庄开展旅游产业的条件都有不同。茶叶经济主导下的农业旅游开发成功与否的关键在于当前产品实施的开发思路与市场、国家政策、实际发展需求和经济消费模式之间是否协调。旅游市场、国家政策、消费需求是制定茶文化农业旅游开发模式策略的三项重要驱动元素,因此,研究茶叶经济主导下农业旅游开发思路也就势在必行了。 相似文献
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研究表明,源库均影响玉米的产量。在不同基因型间源库特性存在差异,而基因型的源库性状表达又受到环境条件的限制和栽培措施的调控。基因型与环境条件之间原有的平衡关系,因新品种应用而打破,需要通过栽培措施调节环境条件,以满足品种遗传潜力发挥的要求,即通过栽培措施调节源库关系来协调个体与群体矛盾,从而在基因型与环境条件间建立新的平衡关系。产量形成过程中,产量的提高和潜力的发挥是作物与环境相互作用的调节过程,表现在源库平衡关系中,源是主导因素,库随源的变化进行调整,达到源库新的平衡。因此,源库不平衡是绝对的,平衡是相对的。 相似文献
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冬季茶树光合作用及其春茶产量的形成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境因子影响着茶树光合作用的进程,研究茶树冬季光合作用和环境因子的关系,分析综合环境因子中的主导因素,将更好地从栽培上创造有利光合作用的条件。原田重雄(1957年)、Wgatulob U.C(1980年)等曾从不同年龄、品种的茶树中研究了光合日变化与光温的关系。Jain N.K(1978年)、袴田胜弘、酒井慎介(1980、1981年)、Maninel L(1981年)等从光合产物的 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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近年来,随着大豆播种面积的增长,受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇(又名根明)与根腐病共同发生危害,严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作,适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献