绵茵陈中绿原酸的提取工艺研究

【研究目的】研究并优化乙醇提取绵茵陈中绿原酸的最佳操作参数;【方法】以绵茵陈为原料,通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定最佳提取工艺;【结果】结果表明：乙醇提取绵茵陈中绿原酸的效果较好;确定的最佳工艺参数乙醇浓度为60％、料液比1:25、提取温度60℃、提取时间1.5h;【结论】采用60％乙醇可以很好提取绵茵陈中的绿原酸。     

杜仲叶中绿原酸醇提法的工艺研究

目的 研究以乙醇为溶剂提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的最佳工艺条件。方法 通过单因素实验研究各因素对提取率的影响,应用正交实验优化工艺条件。结果 乙醇提取杜仲叶绿原酸最佳工艺条件为: 乙醇浓度为60%,浸提温度为60℃,时间为2.5h,物料比1:12。结论 在最佳条件下,绿原酸提取率为2.434%。     

巨大型蒲公英绿原酸提取工艺研究

以巨大型蒲公英为原料,采用乙醇浸提法从蒲公英中提取绿原酸,以绿原酸的含量为指标,对提取工艺中的物料比、反应温度、反应时间、乙醇浓度等因素进行考察,研究结果表明绿原酸最佳工艺为：料液比1∶17,乙醇浓度80%,提取温度60 ℃,提取时间1.5 h。     

沙棘叶总黄酮的浸提研究

优选水浴振荡提取方法。以乙醇为萃取剂,研究了新疆伊犁地区沙棘叶中总黄酮提取的工艺条件。采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定了最佳工艺参数:提取温度为60℃,固液比为1∶20,乙醇体积分数为80%,浸提时间为3h,溶液pH值为10。     

猕猴桃根中三萜类化合物的提取工艺研究

【研究目的】对猕猴桃根中的三萜类化合物的提取工艺进行研究,获得最佳的提取工艺条件;【方法】采用单因素实验考察提取温度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比与提取次数对三萜类化合物得率的影响,并以正交试验进一步优化提取工艺条件;【结果】猕猴桃根三萜类物质的最优提取工艺条件为提取温度80℃,乙醇体积分数65%,提取时间1.5 h,料液比1:20 (g/mL),提取次数1次,在此工艺条件下,猕猴桃根三萜类物质的平均得率为6.7517%;【结论】该工艺应用于猕猴桃根中三萜类物质的提取简单可行,有较好的参考价值。     

超声波法提取蒲公英中绿原酸的工艺优化研究

蒲公英中含有的绿原酸具有抗菌消炎等多种活性。以蒲公英为原料,采用超声波法提取绿原酸,正交试验优化提取工艺。结果表明,提取蒲公英中绿原酸的最佳工艺条件为:蒲公英粉碎度60～80目,料液比1∶30(g/mL),超声功率198 W,乙醇浓度60%,提取时间60 min,超声温度80℃,在此条件下粗品绿原酸提取率达到1.803%。超声波法提取的绿原酸提取率(1.803%)显著高于热水浸泡法(1.257%)和冷浸法(0.984%)(P0.05)。     

超声波法提取延胡索乙素工艺的研究

确定延胡索乙素最佳提取工艺。采用超声波提取法,以延胡索乙素的吸光度为考察指标,结合单因素试验和正交试验,确定了延胡索乙素的最佳提取工艺条件。提取延胡索乙素的最佳提取工艺参数为:以体积分数为70%的乙醇为提取剂,超声功率为350 W,提取料液比为1∶20,超声时间为60 min。结果显示,所确定的最佳提取工艺稳定可行。     

响应面优化超声辅助法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助技术对杜仲叶中的绿原酸进行提取,研究不同提取条件对杜仲叶中绿原酸提取率的影响。结果表明,响应面试验优化杜仲叶绿原酸提取最佳工艺为:液料比16∶1(mL/g),乙醇浓度50%,浸提时间20 min,溶剂pH为5,浸提3次,在此条件下绿原酸提取率为6.338%。     

超临界CO2流体萃取小麦胚芽油工艺技术研究

【目的】研究小麦胚芽油的出油量与各影响因素之间的关系并确定最佳的工艺条件,为工业化生产提供参考;【方法】通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳工艺技术参数;【结果】研究了超临界CO2萃取小麦胚芽油的主要影响因素:萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量,并得到最佳的工艺条件:萃取压力为25MPa,萃取温度为38℃,CO2流量为10kg/h;【结论】利用超临界CO2流体萃取小麦胚芽油具有工艺简便易分离,无溶剂残留等特点,工业化生产是可行的。     

超声波辅助提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的工艺研究

研究超声波辅助提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的工艺。在单因素和正交优化设计实验的基础上,确定了最佳提取工艺条件,提取溶剂乙醇体积分数为45%,料液比为1∶8,超声波屏极电流为0.60A,提取时间为30min,绿原酸提取率可达2.81%。该工艺具有溶剂用量较少,提取周期较短,提取率较高等特点。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...