南阳黑猪与长白猪肉品质的差异性研究

为了研究南阳黑猪与长白猪肉品质的品种间差异,试验选择28日龄断奶南阳黑猪与长白猪各18头,按品种分为2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各半),进行为期180 d的饲养试验,经屠宰后测定两品种猪肉品质的差异。结果表明:南阳黑猪背最长肌L*值、b*值、胴体瘦肉率、眼肌面积、滴水损失均显著低于长白猪(P0.05),熟肉剪切力极显著低于长白猪(P0.01);a*值、肉色评分、大理石纹评分、胴体脂肪率、肌内脂肪含量均显著高于长白猪(P0.05);pH1值、pH24值二者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明南阳黑猪肉品质优于长白猪。     

双氯醇胺对肥育猪脂肪与蛋白质代谢的影响

用添加10、15和20mg/kg双氯醇胺的饲粮饲喂“杜长大”肥育猪,均导致了试验猪背部皮下脂肪还原性辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH,下同)生成酶活性降低,其中以15mg/kg剂量组最为明显,分别使苹果酸脱氢酶活性降低35％(P<0.01),葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性降低55％(P<0.05),异柠檬酸脱氢酶降低63％(P<0.05);此外,双氯醇胺还使屠宰后30天肌蛋白的降解速度明显减慢。血清生化指标测定结果表明:双氯醇胺(15mg/kg)使血清尿氮浓度降低25％(P<0.05),血清胆固醇下降22％(P<0.05)。由上述结果推测:双氯醇胺通过减少脂肪合成,抑制肌肉蛋白质降解和促进蛋白氮利用发挥其营养再分配作用。     

杜洛克与南阳黑猪杂交试验研究

选取纯种南阳黑猪和杜洛克×南阳黑猪杂交猪各30头(公母各半),分2组,每组分为3个重复,每个重复10头猪。分析南阳黑猪和杜南杂交猪在胴体品质、肌内脂肪含量及达100 kg体重所需日龄方面的差异。结果表明:相比南阳黑猪,杜南杂交猪可缩短17.88%达100 kg体重所需日龄,眼肌面积提高2.06%(P0.05),背膘厚降低17.63%(P0.05),瘦肉率增加2.52%(P0.05),肌内脂肪含量降低6.06%(P0.05)。根据试验结果可推断:导入50%杜洛克猪血统在加快南阳黑猪生长速度的同时有望保留南阳黑猪肉的良好品质。     

枫泾猪与长白猪精液品质初步比较

从精液的常规品质,蛋自质氨基酸含量以及精子形态三个方面将6头4.5～8.5月龄的枫泾猪精液及6头5.5～10.5月龄的长白猪精液品质作了测定和比较,结果表明每次射精量按每千克体重所能排出的精液量计算时,枫泾猪显著高于长白猪(分别为1.8及1.1毫升/千克,P<0.001)。枫泾猪精液的活力和pH值也都显著高于长白猪(P<0.001),精液的蛋白质含量约为3克/100毫升,精液中的氨基酸以谷氨酸含量最高,其次为门冬氨酸和亮氨酸。枫泾猪精清的谷氨酸含量显著高于长自猪(P<0.005),而异亮氨酸含量显著低于长白猪(P相似文献   

猪超数排卵影响因素的研究

为了解猪品种、激素剂量、超数排卵次数对供体母猪超数排卵效果的影响,试验以北京黑猪、大白猪、长白猪为研究对象,采用不同浓度的孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)进行处理,对相关指标进行测定.结果表明:超数排卵后,北京黑猪的平均黄体数极显著高于大白猪和长白猪的平均黄体数(P<0.01),长白猪的平均黄体数显著高于大白猪的平均黄体...     

低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

旨在研究低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取180只1日龄北京鸭,公母各半,1~28日龄为预试期,29日龄挑选出体重相近的北京鸭72只,公母各半,采用单因素试验水平设计,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+40 mg/kg的低聚壳聚糖。试验期间测定生长性能指标;于49日龄、70日龄每组随机挑选16只北京鸭,公母各半,胫静脉采血,测定其血清生化指标。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖组公母各周龄的体重均差异不显著(P0.05),公母北京鸭的平均日增重分别提高5.28%、2.20%,但差异不显著(P0.05),平均日采食量、料重比有下降趋势(P0.05)。(2)49日龄北京鸭低聚壳聚糖组母鸭血清中白蛋白、球蛋白的含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),而母鸭血清中总胆固醇的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);公、母鸭血清中乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶的含量均略高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。70日龄北京鸭低聚壳聚糖组母鸭血清中总蛋白、球蛋白的含量(极)显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01),而母鸭血清中的白球比显著低于对照组(P0.05),公、母鸭血清中的总胆固醇含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05);公、母鸭血清中的乳酸脱氢酶均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),血清中的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶略高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。由此提示,在基础日粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭的生长性能、料重比等虽然无显著的影响,但可在一定程度上促进北京鸭的生长发育,提高其生产性能;可提高血清中的蛋白含量,降低血清尿素、尿酸、胆固醇的含量。     

猪TLR4基因2个突变位点的PCR-SSCP分析

为了研究Toll样受体4(TLR4)的多态性与动物对相关病原的免疫力的相关性,试验选择北京黑猪、长白猪、野猪、杜洛克猪、大白猪、民猪6个中外猪种,利用PCR-SSCP和克隆测序方法对TLR4基因第3外显子1 824位点的G/A和3’UTR 208位点的T/C多态进行群体遗传学分析。结果表明:1 824位点北京黑猪与野猪、民猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪和大白猪的基因型分布存在显著差异(P<0.05);3’UTR 208位点基因型分布在猪种间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

五莲黑猪与杜长大猪的胴体品质及营养成分比较分析

为研究五莲黑猪与杜长大猪的胴体品质及营养成分差异,本实验随机选取25 kg左右、健康无病、发育整齐的五莲黑猪、杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元杂交商品猪(杜长大猪)健康仔猪各20头,在同一个猪场中采取中等营养标准饲喂至约100 kg体重时屠宰,测定胴体性状和猪肉品质指标。结果表明:在胴体性能上,五莲黑猪的屠宰率(75.40%)与杜长大猪(75.90%)差异不显著,而五莲黑猪的胴体长、眼肌面积和腿臀比例低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);五莲黑猪的瘦肉率低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);在肉质性状上,五莲黑猪的肌内脂肪含量是杜长大猪的1.93倍(P<0.05),肌肉水分含量低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);五莲黑猪的总饱和脂肪酸含量低于杜长大猪(P<0.01),总不饱和脂肪酸高于杜长大猪(P<0.01),游离脂肪酸高于杜长大猪(P<0.05);鲜味氨基酸含量高于杜长大猪(P<0.01)。由此可见,五莲黑猪的瘦肉率显著低于杜长大猪,但其在肌内脂肪含量、脂肪酸、鲜味氨基酸含量方面优于杜长大猪。     

超微绿茶粉对良凤花鸡脂类代谢的影响

选用健康的1日龄商品代肉用良凤花鸡420只,公母各半,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,试验鸡自由饮水、采食。试验预试期3 d,从第13天开始,以后每隔10 d逐只称重,并以组为单位计算耗料量。结果显示:添加绿茶粉对肉鸡生长性能没有不良影响,对肉鸡的料重比有降低趋势(P>0.05);可以显著降低肉鸡血清中的甘油三酯(TG)(P<0.05)、胆固醇(TC)(P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P<0.05),显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(P<0.05),显著降低肉鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05)、肝脂率(P<0.05),且对第二阶段与脂类代谢相关的血清生化指标的影响比第1阶段更显著。结果表明:在日粮中添加超微绿茶粉可在不影响肉鸡的生长性能的情况下降低体脂蓄积。     

苹果酸酶活性与猪脂肪沉积及肉质性状间的关系

本文主要通过比较鄂西黑猪、长♂×(野♂×鄂♀)♀三元杂交猪、长大二元杂交猪肌肉苹果酸酶的活性与肉质性状的差异来探讨肌肉苹果酸酶活性与猪肌肉品质的关系。结果表明,鄂西黑猪的肌肉ME活性和肌内脂肪含量、背膘厚显著高于长野鄂杂交猪和长大二元杂交猪(P<0.05),而长大二元杂交猪的肌肉pH2、滴水损失和剪切力显著高于鄂西黑猪(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,肌肉ME活性与肌肉IMF含量呈显著正相关,而与滴水损失和剪切力呈显著负相关(P<0.05),ME活性与肉色呈正相关,但相关性不显著(P>0.05)。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.