环境因素对黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响

温度，光照，ＣＯ２浓度及测定时间等因素均对黄瓜幼苗的光合速度产生不同程度的影响。光通量密度在１４００ｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１左右光合作用达到光饱和点；２５－３０℃时黄瓜幼苗的净光合速率最高，温度上升或下降均明显降低幼苗的净光合速率，同时使光补偿点和饱和点发生变化。     

杂种小麦及其亲本光合作用对生态因子的响应

研究表明,杂种小麦麦优４号在不同生态因子下的光合速率均高于亲本。麦优４号及母本ＮＤ３５的光饱和点约１２００μＥ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,父本扬麦１５８的光饱和点约１０００μＥ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,饱和光强下麦优４号的光合速率分别较ＮＤ３５和扬麦１５８提高８．１２％和２０．１８％。麦优４号及其亲本光合作用最适温度均为２５℃左右,但前者耐高温能力较强。在５０～４００μＬ·Ｌ－１ＣＯ２浓度下,供试品种光合速率均随ＣＯ２浓度提高而直线上升,高浓度ＣＯ２（４００～６５０μＬ·Ｌ－１）下麦优４号光合速率的增加快于亲本。水分胁迫条件下麦优４号较亲本维持了较高的光合速率,且在高渗溶液中下降缓慢。此外,麦优４号能适应更高的氮素水平。麦优４号的光合作用表现倾向于母本。     

西瓜幼苗耐低温研究初报

西瓜幼苗在早春提早定植，常会受到低温的不良影响，研究低温对西瓜纪苗生长发育的影响就显得十分必要，试验对西瓜幼苗在生长箱中进行了低温处理，处理温度为０℃，１０℃１５℃光照强度设定为１００μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和２００μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１，结果表明，不同西瓜品种表现出明显的耐寒性差异，其中野生西瓜种质ＰＩ４８２３２２，ＰＩ４８２２６１，ＰＩ４８２２９９，ＰＩ４８２３０８，ＰＩ４９４５２８     

小麦白粉病的新抗源普通小麦－簇毛麦易位系

小麦白粉病的新抗源普通小麦－簇毛麦易位系小麦白粉病（Ｅｒｙｓｌｐｈｉｇｒａｍｉｎｔｃｆ．ｓｐ．ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉ）是世界各产麦区的重要病害之一，在我国南北麦区都有发生，并日趋严重。近期我国小麦生产上所用品种的白粉病抗源主要来自黑麦，即小麦－黑麦１Ｂ／１Ｒ...     

小麦引种试验及其配套栽培技术研究

５年引进１２个小麦品种鉴选，绵农系列小麦种增产显著，比对照种绵阳１９号增产２７％以上，表现出较好的 性和较强的适应性，抗逆性，适宜海拔６００－１２００ｍ的地区种植。种植密度以１５－２０万基本苗为宜；稻田净作１．７ｍ或１．８３ｍ提厢种植８行麦，６６７ｍ＾２播量１０ｋｇ；旱地分带轮作１．７ｍ提厢种植４行麦，播量５ｋｇ，比其它种植方式获得较高产量。４年累计新增总产１６６２８ｔ。     

中麦2号小麦

中麦２号小麦１品种来源：组合为濮农３６６５－２×７８－３１１７，中国农科院作物所选育。２　特征特性：冬性，分蘖力中等，春季返青早，生长发育快，株高９５ｃｍ左右，穗纺锤形，长芒，白壳，白粒，千粒重４５ｇ左右。角质，粗蛋白含量１５％，湿面筋含量３８％～４...     

矮败小麦连锁特性的遗传转移

以中国春小麦和中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体为轮回父本，分别与我国特有遗传种质矮败小麦杂交并连续回交５次，实现了矮败小麦连锁特性向中国春小麦和中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体的遗传转移；育成了同时含有Ｋｒ、Ｍｓ２、Ｒｈｔ１０基因的矮败中国春小麦和将基因Ｍｓ２、Ｒｈｔ１０、ｋｒ、ｐｈｌｂ集合于一体的矮败中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体。组合矮败／ＣＳ＾４／／黑麦、矮败／ｐｈｌｂ＾４／／黑麦的杂交结实率分别为６４．１％和６７．８％。经     

辣椒光合特性研究

系统测定了辣椒的净光合速率及其日变化。结果表明,参试品种的净光合速率在１２－１４μｍｏｌＣＯ２．ｍ＾－２、ｓ＾－１之间,部分品种差异显著或极显著。不同叶位间净光合速率明显不同,幼叶净光合净速率较高,老叶净光合速率较低,健壮叶片净光合速率最高,光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,有明显的“午休”现象,造成光合“午休”的原因。在１０：００之后以非气孔限制因素为主。光量子通量密度明显影响辣椒净光合速率,光饱和点和     

黄淮海棉区棉麦两熟光能流与物质流研究Ⅰ．共生期棉行光分布与日总量

１９９２～１９９４年针对黄淮海棉区棉麦两熟套种棉花迟发晚熟进行不同配置方式的田间试验研究。结果表明，不同配置方式棉行光分布型不同，宽窄行配置方式棉行光分布呈宽的“凸”字型，等行配置方式棉行光分布呈偏而窄的“凸”字型。共生期间棉茬小麦正处在生长发育旺盛期，丰产小麦株高从５５ｃｍ增加到８５ｃｍ，旗叶和旗下２叶披出宽度达到２０ｃｍ，单位面积株数、单株叶面积和叶面积系数均达到最大并随后逐渐消减，４种配置方式全共生期棉行日总受光量仅为４６．６％±１３．２％，棉花受光量仅为５３．９％±７．６％，光合有效辐射预留棉行为４０８．２８±１１５．５３μｍｏｌｍ－２ｄ－１，棉花为４７３．５９±６６．８５μｍｏｌｍ－２ｄ－１，分别比一熟棉田减弱５３．４％±１３．２％和４６．１％±７．６％。这些结果说明，套种棉花共生期光热资源严重不足是客观存在的，但处理间存在明显的差异。棉茬小麦选择东西行向，推广垄作和选用矮秆小麦品种，采用标准３─２式或４─２式配置方式有利于共生期预留棉行获得较多的光热资源，促进棉花早发。     

春小麦田藜和野燕麦生态经济阈值模型的初步研究

通过对小麦田主要杂草藜、野燕麦不同密度对小麦产量构成因素的影响,及防治中生态经济阈值模型的初步研究,建立了藜、野燕麦不同密度与小麦有效穗数、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和小麦产量损失率间的函数关系式,明确了藜、野燕麦不同密度对构成小麦产量各因素影响作用,制定出适合当地杂草藜和野燕的生态经济阈值,即田间藜密度达到１．４５～１．８３株／ｍ＾２时,野燕麦密度达７．５～８．６０株／ｍ＾２时,分别使用７２％２,４－Ｄ丁酯乳油和１０％骠马乳油进行化学防治。     

氮肥水平对强筋小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

为明确强筋小麦产量与效率相协同的最优施氮量,试验选用‘济麦20’和‘洲元9369’ 2个优质强筋小麦品种为试验材料,设置0、120、180、240、300 kg N/hm ²等5个施氮水平,用烘干法和凯氏定氮法分别测定小麦成熟期干物质量积累和含氮量,用以计算小麦氮素积累及氮素利用相关指标。结果表明,随氮肥投入量的增加,小麦产量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中‘济麦20’在N180和N240下达最高产量7.28 t/hm ²和7.26 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于相对平衡的产量构成因素以及较高的干物质积累量（平均18.54 t/hm ²）;‘洲元9369’在N180下产量最高达7.75 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于较高的单位面积穗数(970.65万/hm ²)、穗粒数（30.83粒）、较高的干物质积累量(20.77 t/hm ²)和收获指数(37.33%)。虽然氮肥偏生产力随着氮肥施用量的增加逐渐下降,但两品种的氮肥回收效率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥生理利用效率均可在N180条件下达到最高值,其中,‘济麦20’最高值分别为62.67%、5.71 kg/kg、9.11 kg/kg,‘洲元9369’的最高值分别为63.65%、7.33 kg/kg、11.55 kg/kg。综合产量水平和氮素利用相关指标,本区域强筋小麦生产中产量与氮素利用效率相协同的施氮量为180 kg/hm ²。     

油菜的生长发育和醣、氮及脂肪代谢特点的初步研究

研究了不同类型油菜品种外部器官的形成、生长与体內醣、氮及脂肪代谢的关系。产量以甘兰类型较白菜类型高。叶面积高峯出现在盛花期前后,净同化率呈“S”形曲线。现蕾抽苔期醣代谢起着主导作用,绝大多数同化产物分配在茎中,同时需肥最多。种子成熟过程含油量的增长,主要由醣转化而成。     

辽宁春季界限温度发生日期的预报方法研究

为了在春季气候预测工作中,尽可能准确地预测辽宁春季稳定通过5℃的日期,采用1961—2010年辽宁省53站逐日气温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析的月平均位势高度场、海平面气压场资料以及由NOAA重构的月平均海温场资料,通过相关分析方法并开展物理因子的普查工作,寻找辽宁春季稳定通过5℃日期的影响因子,并利用多元线性回归方法建立预报方程。结果表明：1961—2010年辽宁春季气温稳定通过5℃日期随时间有提前出现的趋势;稳定通过5℃日期与2月北大西洋海温、1月西北太平洋海温、2月北极涛动、1月印度洋海温、10月阿留申低压强度和1月北大西洋涛动关系密切;建立的预报稳定通过5℃日期的多元线性回归方程具有显著意义。     

Resources,representation, and authority in Jharkhand,India

Abstract: Jharkhand is at the centre of India's struggles to define ‘the environment’ and ‘economically relevant natural resources’. Although cultural labels are applied by leaders who seek influence in these struggles as well as by many of those people who listen, an ethnonational analytic frame does not help answer the questions: How, why and when has the political idea of environment changed in India? When and why has the Jharkhand movement chosen violent tactics? When and why has the Jharkhand statehood movement realised electoral success? Or, why was Jharkhand state formed? To address such questions, a long range historical‐institutional approach is much more fruitful.     

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Involution and Factorial of High Effective Locations

This paper presents the class of high effective locations and its addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution and factorial by the object-oriented programming.     

Sensitivity of Corn, Oats, Peanuts, Rice, Rye, Sorghum, Soybean and Tobacco to UV-B Radiation under Growth Chamber Conditions

Sensitivity of different agronomic crops to UV-B radiation was studied under environmentally controlled conditions. UV-B radiation reduced plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and ash contents. The reduction varied among the different species tested. Narrow-leaved plants (mainly C₄) were less sensitive to UV-B than broad-leaved plants (mainly C₃).     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.     

Ye Yaxin, Jin Jin, Wang Wenjing, Xu Yu

研究Nacl浓度与小麦幼苗生长分裂的关系及对小麦幼苗的遗传损伤。实验结果表明：小麦幼苗生长在含NaCl的介质中，其幼苗生长被抑制，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,幼苗的分裂指数、遗传损伤与盐浓度间有一定的线性关系。结果显示：有丝分裂指数与处理浓度间呈负相关。这表明：NaCl浓度高或作用时间延长时对小麦细胞具有遗传学毒性，小麦幼根细胞有丝分裂指数可以作为监测环境中NaCl含量的定量指标。     

不同蔬菜对重金属汞、铬、砷、镉、铅积累效应的研究

为了对辽宁省葫芦岛龙岗区蔬菜生产基地蔬菜生产结构的调整提供科学的参考,采用原子吸收的方法,对该生产基地的土壤与蔬菜中重金属(Hg、Cr、As、Cd、Pb)的含量进行检测。结果表明：该蔬菜基地土壤中Hg的含量平均为0.42 mg/kg,Cr的含量平均为52.20 mg/kg,As的含量平均为34.92 mg/kg,Cd的平均含量为0.93 mg/kg,Pb的含量平均为98.49 mg/kg,说明该地区的土壤中重金属含量基本符合农业生产的要求;该蔬菜基地蔬菜中Hg的含量平均为0.92 μg/kg,Cr的含量平均为120.09 μg/kg,As的含量平均为13.80 μg/kg,Pb的含量平均为94.17 μg/kg,Cd的平均含量为15.65 μg/kg,并且所测定的蔬菜样本中甘蓝在5种重金属的含量上均比其他蔬菜的含量高,但也能符合国家卫生标准。此实验可为该蔬菜区蔬菜生产结构的调整提供一定的参考。