大麻花叶挥发油成分研究

对大麻花叶挥发性成分进行了研究,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大麻花叶挥发油,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了大麻花叶挥发性成分。从大麻花叶挥发油中共分离出95个色谱峰,鉴定了75个化合物,占挥发油总量的88.05%,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物(Caryophylleneoxide,含量为13.2%)、β-石竹烯(β-Caryophyllene,含量为9.90%)、β-瑟林烯(β-selinene,含量为3.82%)等。结果表明:大麻花叶挥发油中鉴定出萜烯及其衍生物33种,杂环类化合物8种,酮、醇、酯类化合物18种,烷烃类13种,其他类3种;其中萜烯及其衍生物成分含量及数量最多,占挥发油总量的56.03%。     

不同化学类型樟树叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

为明确不同化学类型樟树叶挥发油化学成分组成特点,采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取5种不同化学类型樟树叶挥发油,运用GC-MS法对其化学成分进行分析,并比较了不同化学类型樟树叶挥发油含量和组成的差异。结果表明:芳樟叶挥发油共鉴定出54种成分,占挥发油总量的96.41%,其主要化学成分为芳樟醇、樟脑、石竹烯、桉叶油醇等;异樟叶挥发油共鉴定出53种成分,占挥发油总量的94.99%,主要为异橙花叔醇、芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、樟脑等;油樟叶挥发油共鉴定出53种成分,占挥发油总量的96.67%,主要为桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、松油醇、樟脑等;脑樟叶挥发油共鉴定出57种成分,占挥发油总量的95.73%,主要为樟脑、芳樟醇、石竹烯、桉叶油醇等;龙脑樟叶挥发油共鉴定出48种成分,占挥发油总量的95.61%,主要为龙脑、芳樟醇、左旋乙酸冰片酯、樟脑等。5种化学类型樟树叶挥发油化学成分在组成和含量上有所差异,鉴定出的共有成分有25种,主要为芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、松油醇、樟脑等,但是含量水平存在差异。     

SPME/GC-MS法分析云南蒸酶茶的香气成分

采用固相微萃取技术和气质联用分离技术(SPME/GC-MS)对云南蒸酶茶的香气成分进行分析鉴定,从云南蒸酶茶共检测出30种主要挥发性化合物,以醇类化合物为主,包括芳樟醇、橙花叔醇、香叶醇、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、B-紫罗酮、莰烯、香叶基丙酮等绿茶中常见的香气成分。其中,芳樟醇及其氧化物类物质的含量(27.22%)和橙花叔醇类物质(2.79%)较高,是云南蒸酶茶香气的主要呈味成分,对蒸酶茶香气的形成起关键作用。     

三种桂花在不同开花期头香成分的研究

采用固相微萃取(SPME)分别吸附富集金桂、银桂和丹桂3个不同品种桂花在不同开花期的头香成分,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析鉴定,对GC-MS总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析其头香成分,并分别考察了3种桂花在不同开花期头香成分的变化。其中金桂鉴定出22种化合物,银桂鉴定出18种化合物,丹桂鉴定出8种化合物,3种桂花均含有反式罗勒烯、乙酸-4-己烯酯、顺式芳樟醇氧化物、反式芳樟醇氧化物、β-芳樟醇、反式香叶醇和τ-癸酸内酯这7种化合物。金桂中α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮和τ-癸酸内酯的含量较高,故香气甜润馥郁;银桂中反式罗勒烯含量较高,故香气清幽淡雅;而丹桂中缺少α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮和罗勒烯等化合物,故甜香不够,清香不足。结果表明:SPME-GC-MS是一种可用于分析不同品种桂花和不同开花期鲜花头香成分变化的简单可行的分析方法,3个不同品种桂花的花香既具有一定的相似性,又存在着一定的差异性。     

柳叶红千层挥发油的化学成分研究

用挥发油提取器提取柳叶红千层枝叶的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC—MS）分析其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,鉴定出25种化合物,占挥发油总量的97．17％以上,主要成分为1,8-桉叶素（54．98％）,α-松油醇（10．75％）,α-蒎烯（10．64％）,芋烯（6．55％）等。     

12个山茶属植物花的挥发性物质研究

应用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱—质谱联用方法,对贵州、云南两省12种山茶属植物物种及类型花的挥发性物质及其相对含量进行分析.共分离鉴定出237种挥发性化合物,占总挥发性化合物种类的99.58％.主要包括醛类、酮类、醇类、酯类、萜烯类、烷烃类、酸类及其他类等8类化合物.以怒江山茶花的挥发物种类最多(88种),离蕊金花茶最少(41种).有51种化合物为12个物种及类型中的多数植物所共有.其中,100％共有的5种;90％共有的8种;80％共有的10种;70％共有的10种;50％共有的18种;50％以下共有的100种.有86种化合物为各物种所独有.归类分析表明,醇类比例最高,达29.87％;萜烯类次之,为27.79％;再次为酯类,为22.48％.化合物中相对含量第1为L-芳樟醇,相对含量达75.94％;第2为(Z)-3-己烯酯,为42.48％;第3为庚烷-2-酮,为31.67％;第4为(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇和(S)-2-庚醇,分别达23.79％和20.95％.     

蒙山地区黑松松针及枝条挥发油成分的气相质谱-色谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏技术提取了蒙山地区黑松松针及枝条挥发油,经气相色谱-质谱分析,共分离和鉴定出48种化学成分,其主要成分为萜烯类,其他成分为烷烃类、醇类和酯类等。其中松针挥发油中分离鉴定出43种挥发性成分,主要为α-蒎烯（25．02％）、莰烯（6．20％）、β-蒎烯（12．140．4）、3-蒈烯（4．89％）、α-松油醇（8．22％）、异松油烯（5．87％）、β-石竹烯醇（3.78％）等;枝条挥发油中分离鉴定出29种挥发性成分,主要为α-蒎烯（35．67％）、β-蒎烯（19．50％）、D-柠檬烯（14．33％）、异松油烯（4．31％）等。松针及枝条挥发油共有成分24种,其中萜烯类22种,醇类2种,但二者还含有各自的特异性成分,表明挥发油成分在不同组织中存在差异。     

红海榄胚轴中挥发油和脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱—质谱联用分析法,分析测定红树植物红海榄胚轴中挥发油和脂肪酸的成分。结果表明,挥发油中分离出29个峰,鉴定出29种化合物,酚类物质有11种,是最多的一类,其总量达到了挥发油总量的47.12%。其中3-甲氧基-1,2-丙二醇含量最为丰富,占挥发油总量的26.39%;另外,还含有对甲基苯酚、橙花叔醇、榄香素等具有芳香气味的中药有效成分化合物。脂肪酸中分离出30个峰,鉴定出26种化合物,其中脂肪酸有8种,占脂肪酸总量的19.55%;十六酸(棕榈酸)、8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)含量比较高,分别占脂肪酸总量的7.59%、4.25%、3.22%。     

萼翅藤果实挥发油的GC-MS分析

首次采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析萼翅藤（Calycopteris floribunda）果实挥发油化学成分,共鉴定出66种化合物,占挥发油总量的7749%,主要成分有反-桂醛（1048%）、壬醛（712%）、苯甲酸苯乙酯（580%）、芳樟醇（518%）、苯乙酸苯乙酯（445%）等。     

萼翅藤枝叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

运用水蒸气蒸馏法提取萼翅藤枝、叶中的挥发性化学成分,并进行GC-MS分析。结果表明,萼翅藤枝挥发油中共鉴定出82个化合物,其相对含量占挥发油总量的75.73%,主要成分有十四烷酸、壬醛、己醛、反-桂醛、癸醛等;叶挥发油中共鉴定出67个化合物,其相对含量占挥发油总量的69.37%,主要成分有反-桂醛、3-己烯-1-醇、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮、2-己烯醛、6-甲基-3,5-庚二烯-2-酮等。     

4种润楠属植物精油成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取润楠属(Machilus)的短序润楠(M.breviflora)、浙江润楠(M.chekiangensis)、红楠(M.thunbergii)、凤凰润楠(M.phoenicis)4种植物的鲜叶精油;采用色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对精油样品进行分离和鉴定,共鉴定出108种挥发性化合物;用气相色谱面积归一法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果表明,4种植物精油中均出现的成分是香橙烯、δ-杜松烯、蓝桉醇、α-古芸烯、a-葎草烯、芳樟醇、匙叶桉油烯醇、反式石竹烯,其中芳樟醇、匙叶桉油烯醇具有较高的药用价值。     

Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Seseli annuum wild-growing in Serbia

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Seseli annuum, wild-growing in Serbia, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC and GC/MS. A total of 43 components were identified representing 96.5% of S. annuum oil. The most abundant compounds were germacrene D (29.8%), sabinene (10.3%), beta-ocimene Z (9.8%) and limonene (8.6%). The essential oil showed antifungal activity against fifteen fungi with MICs between 12.5 to 50 microl/ml.     

不同方法提取川桂叶挥发油的比较研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE-CO2)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)从川桂叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了挥发油的化学组成,并进行了比较.结果表明:两种方法所得挥发油存在较大差别,超临界CO2流体萃取得到挥发油的产率为1.6%,主要成分是香豆素(32.5%),芳樟醇(19.9%),棕榈酸(10.4%),而水蒸气蒸馏法得到挥发油的产率为0.9%,主要成分是芳樟醇(69.0%)、丁香烯(4.6%)、氧化丁香烯(2.7%).     

Toxicity of essential oil compounds against diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,and their impact on detoxification enzyme activities

Essential oils are by-products of plant metabolism that are now known to interfere with basic metabolic, physiological and behavioral functions of insects, thereby having promise for use as pest control agents. Accordingly, four essential oil compounds, thymol, 1,8-cineole, linalool and pulegone, were evaluated against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), to determine their acute toxicity. Thymol and 1,8-cineole were highly toxic to third instars with a LD₅₀ of 0.22 and 0.41 μg/larva, respectively. Linalool and pulegone were moderately active against this insect species, exhibiting <45 % mortality in up to 15 μg/larva. However, in biorational mixtures pulegone was synergistic to both thymol and 1,8-cineole where the increase in activity was almost twofold. Thymol and 1,8-cineole, though active individually against P. xylostella larvae, were antagonistic as biorational mixtures. Linalool was antagonistic in all combinations. In various assays with detoxification enzymes in treated conditions, there was a significant increase in enzyme levels both in vivo and in vitro. Thymol and 1,8-cineole were the active toxicants against P. xylostella, with significant potential to control this pest as biorational mixtures in a synergistic combination with pulegone. Induction in enzyme levels by these compounds suggests possibilities of resistance, which at present remains a speculation, but cannot be summarily ignored because the induction of enzymes due to involvement of detoxification enzymes in the metabolism of a broad range of xenobiotics and secondary metabolites in plants is well known.     

昆明引种的双荚决明花挥发油化学成分分析

用水蒸汽蒸馏的方法提取了双荚决明花的挥发油,通过GC-MS对其进行分析,用面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量。实验结果表明,双荚决明花挥发油的化学成分可分为脂肪酸、酚类及烷烃类,其中十六烷酸（脂肪酸类化合物）的含量最高,为47.850%;烷烃类化合物9个,总含量为37.876%,以正二十七烷的含量较高,为12.594%;甲基-二特丁基-苯酚含量为5.874%。本实验结果为双荚决明的进一步研究提供了参考。     

Antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Artemisiae argyi leaves

Introduction Artemisia species, widespread throughout the world, are important medicinal plants, which are receiving phytochemical attention due to the biological and chemical diversities (Tan et al. 1998). Artemisias (Compositae) are one of the most popu…     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified, of which the major components were beta-terpineol (13.4%), beta-pinene (9.4%) and alpha-pinene (6.9%). The essential oil showed significant antimicrobial activity.     

萃取法提取薄荷油的化学成分比较

采用水蒸气蒸馏(SD)法和超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)法从薄荷中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS技术对其化学成分进行了分析.SD法提取薄荷油的出油率为1.15%,SCDE法提取薄荷油的出油率为2.43%.GC-MS分析表明,SD法提取的薄荷油中含44种化学成分,占总挥发油的97%以上,其中薄荷醇相对含量为69.4%;SCDE法提取的挥发油中含38种化学成分,占总挥发油的92%以上,其中薄荷醇相对含量为61.8%.     

岭南花椒果实精油成分的分析及对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性

采用GC-MS分析了岭南花椒Zanthoxylum austrosinense果实精油的化学成分,并采用浸液法和三角瓶法测试了该精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus幼虫、蛹及成蚊的毒杀活性。在岭南花椒果实精油中共鉴定出48种化合物,占该精油挥发性成分总量的97.39%;该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊4龄幼虫的LC50值分别为163.42和65.08μg.mL-1;熏蒸剂量为109.4μg.cm-3时,岭南花椒果实精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为4.32和5.52 min;该精油对两种蚊虫成蚊的24 h毒杀LC50值分别为47.14和25.78μg.cm-3。试验数据表明,岭南花椒果实精油对蚊虫有显著的杀虫活性,具有开发成高效环保的灭蚊剂的潜力。     

Chemical composition of Eucalyptus erythrocorys essential oils and evaluation of their herbicidal and antifungal activities

The chemical composition of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Tunisian Eucalyptus erythrocorys Linn. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifteen compounds were identified, representing 97 % of total oil, which was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (66.7 %), particularly in 1,8-cineole (54.8 %). The yield and the physico-chemical properties of oil were determined. The study of antifungal activity revealed that E. erythrocorys essential oil significantly inhibited the growth of five plant pathogenic fungi especially Bipolaris sorikiniana and Botritys cinerea. Moreover, herbicidal properties of the oil, tested on Sinapis arvensis L. and Phalaris canariensis L. indicated that the E. erythrocorys oil completely inhibited the seed germination at high concentration (1.5 μl/ml), while at low doses (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 μl/ml) the oil acted by decreasing and delaying the germination and inhibiting the seedling growth of all tested weeds.