肺炎链球菌感染的猕猴肺及气管内IFN-γ蛋白与mRNA表达

采用常规苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosim,HE)染色、免疫组织化学和组织原位杂交技术,观察感染肺炎链球菌的猕猴肺及气管组织的病理学变化与γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)在其中的蛋白与mRNA表达.结果表明:在光镜下感染组的肺呈现大面积充血、出血,淋巴细胞浸润及肺泡腔内出现浆液性渗出物;IFN-γ蛋白表达面积均高于健康组(P<0.05);IFN-γ蛋白产物在肺血管内的光密度值极显著高于健康组(P<0.01),在气管和肺的其他部位光密度值显著高于健康组(P<0.05);IFN-γmRNA在肺气管上皮层、肌层内阳性产物的光密度值均极显著高于健康组(P<0.01),肺泡隔、血管内、气管固有层内阳性产物的光密度值均显著高于健康组(P<0.05).说明肺炎链球菌感染的猕猴肺出现了明显的红色肝变期病理变化,且肺及气管中IFN-γ蛋白及mRNA表达显著增加,表明IFN-γ在肺炎链球菌感染猕猴肺及气管的免疫调节中起到了重要作用.     

IL-2对免疫新城疫疫苗的固始鸡十二指肠(SIgA)分泌的增强作用

研究了白细胞介素-2(IL-2)作为黏膜免疫佐剂对免疫新城疫疫苗的固始鸡十二指肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SI-gA)分泌的增强作用。将不同浓度的IL-2联合新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗经口腔注入8日龄固始鸡,用免疫组织化学技术来检测十二指肠中SIgA阳性细胞及SIgA阳性分泌物的分布和含量。结果表明:①SIgA阳性细胞主要分布于十二指肠肠黏膜固有层及肠腺腔中。②添加IL-2的3个试验组SIgA阳性细胞及SIgA阳性分泌物的含量高于空白对照组和新城疫组。免疫后1~2周,第Ⅳ组SIgA阳性细胞及阳性分泌物的含量最高,与其他组差异不显著。免疫后3~5周,第Ⅲ组SIgA阳性细胞及阳性分泌物的量最高,与其他组差异显著。结论:由结果可知IL-2能增加浆细胞分泌SIgA;延长新城疫疫苗的免疫时间,增强免疫效果,是很好的黏膜免疫佐剂;IL-2的最佳添加剂量免疫后1~2周为50μg/羽,免疫后3~5周为10μg/羽。     

免疫途径对雏鸡分泌型免疫球白A细胞分布的影响

通过饮水，滴鼻和肌肉注射用鸡新城疫弱毒苗免疫鸡，以葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白－辣根过氧化酶（ＳＰＡ－ＨＲＰ）和兔抗鸡分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＳＩｇＡ）间接组化染色，显示消化道相关淋巴组织（ＧＡＬＴ）和呼吸道相关淋巴组织（ＲＡＬＴ）中的ＳＩｇＡ细胞的生成和分布。结果表明：滴鼻和饮水免疫组雏鸡ＧＡＬＴ和ＲＡＬＴ中产生ＳＩｇＡ细胞较早，较多，并于首免后２４ｄ和３０ｄ达到最高峰，肌肉注射组雏鸡ＳＩｇＡ细胞在各相应部位仅零     

免疫途径对雏鸡分泌型免疫球蛋白A细胞分布的影响

通过饮水、滴鼻和肌肉注射用鸡新城疫弱毒苗免疫雏鸡，以葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白－辣根过氧化酶（ＳＰＡ－ＨＲＰ）和兔抗鸡分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＳＩｇＡ）间接组化染色，显示消化道相关淋巴组织（ＧＡＬＴ）和呼吸道相关淋巴组织（ＲＡＬＴ）中ＳＩｇＡ细胞的生成和分布。结果表明：滴鼻和饮水免疫组雏鸡ＧＡＬＴ和ＲＡＬＴ中产生ＳＩｇＡ细胞较早、较多，并于首免后２４ｄ和３０ｄ达到最高峰；肌肉注射组雏鸡ＳＩｇＡ细胞在各相应部位仅零星存在，其数量在整个免疫期间变化不显著。作者还对３种免疫途径与粘膜免疫过程中ＳＩｇＡ细胞的产生、分布、数量变化及其增长与消退规律的影响进行了讨论     

儿童肺炎并发抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨肺炎合并SIADH的发生率、发病机制、临床特点、诊断和治疗.方法:检测25例重症肺炎合并SIADH患儿血、尿钠浓度,血、尿渗透压,血浆ADH水平,并与24例正常对照组进行比较;同时对其临床资料进行分析.结果:所有合并SIADH的患儿均有不同程度低钠血症伴低渗透压(123.28±4.17,253.64±11.82 mmol/L)及高尿钠浓度(47.78±23.61 mmol/L)、高尿渗透压(326.88±97.24 mmol/L)、高血浆ADH水平(8.26±2.19 ng/L),与正常对照组比较差异均有非常显著意义(P＜0.05).24例患儿痊愈,1例死于脑疝、呼吸衰竭.结论:①提高对本病认识;②重症肺炎患儿出现缺氧、酸中毒加重;出现循环和神经症状;出现尿少、体重增加而无皮肤水肿时应高度警惕合并SIADH的可能;③重症肺炎患儿应常规测定血电解质,必要时同时测定血、尿渗透压和尿钠浓度;④诊断SIADH后应积极治疗原发病和纠正低钠血症.轻症患儿限制水入量即可,重症患儿应补充3%氯化钠和应用速尿.     

肉用美利奴羔羊肺炎链球菌感染的诊断与防治

对一起进口美利奴胚胎羔羊发生的以脑炎、关节炎、肺炎为特征的链球菌感染 ,进行了诊断 ,并采取措施 ,有效控制了病情。     

雏鸡感染法氏囊病毒后血清免疫球蛋白的动态

本项研究对传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)人工感染1日龄和4周龄雏鸡后,1～8周血清IgM,IgG和γ-球蛋白含量的动态变化进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄和4周龄雏鸡感染IBDV后,血清IgM和IgG含量均明显低于对照雏鸡,而γ-球蛋白含量仅呈一过性降低,其中血清含量降低的程度和持续时间均较IgG明显。1日龄雏鸡感染IBDV后血清IgM和IgG含量的下降较4周龄感染雏鸡明显,呈现一定的感染日龄差异。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Ⅱ型分泌蛋白结构与功能的研究

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起猪传染性胸膜肺炎,是猪的最重要呼吸道传染病之一。通过筛选APP 3～8 kb随机基因组文库,获得1株阳性克隆。测序拯救质粒得到序列,通过BLAST分析确定此片段为APP Ⅱ型分泌蛋白基因,预计成熟蛋白分子量为45.716 KD。根据序列设计特异性引物PCR扩增该基因,分子克隆表达该Ⅱ型分泌蛋白。Western blot结果表明,该蛋白与APP康复期血清发生反应;研究还发现,纯化的Ⅱ型分泌蛋白能结合C3。     

A群链球菌脂磷壁酸的提取纯化及其抑瘤活性

为了研究A群链球菌制剂中的活性成分脂磷壁酸(LTA)的提纯方法和抗肿瘤活性,以A群链球菌为出发菌株,采用冷酚法提取A群链球菌制剂中的活性成分脂磷壁酸,经Sepharose CL-4B纯化,用红外图谱比较与脂磷壁酸标品(从金黄色葡萄球菌中提取得到)结构的类同,用气相色谱分析脂磷壁酸中脂肪酸和单糖结构组成,并研究脂磷壁酸的抑瘤活性.结果表明:纯化后的脂磷壁酸所含的蛋白质和核酸污染很低,脂磷壁酸的成分中有甘油磷酸基本骨架、脂肪酸和单糖结构;活性试验证明LTA对子宫癌细胞(Hela细胞)、腹水型EAC瘤和S_180肿瘤具有一定的抑制作用.     

重组A群链球菌三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与脂蛋白(a)的相互作用

三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)是A群链球菌(group A Streptococcus,GAS)表面的纤溶酶原(Plg)受体之一,其C末端的赖氨酸残基可以与Plg的赖氨酸结合位点(LBS)相结合.脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]中的载脂蛋白(a)[Apu(a)]与Plg有很高的同源性.因此本实验室提出了Lp(a)可能与GA...     

Vocal tract limitations on the vowel repertoires of rhesus monkey and other nonhuman primates

The vowel repertoire of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was explored by means of a computer program that calculated formant frequencies from the area function of the animal's supralaryngeal vocal tract, which was systematically varied within the limits imposed by anatomical constraints. The resulting vowels were compared with those of humans and with recorded vocalizations of nonhuman primates. The computer model indicates that the acoustic "vowel space" of a rhesus monkey is quite restricted compared to that of the human. This limitation results from the lack of a pharyngeal region that can change its cross-sectional area. These animals thus lack the output mechanism necessary for production of human speech. Man's speech output mechanism is apparently species-specific.     

Functional specialization in rhesus monkey auditory cortex

Neurons in the lateral belt areas of rhesus monkey auditory cortex prefer complex sounds to pure tones, but functional specializations of these multiple maps in the superior temporal region have not been determined. We tested the specificity of neurons in the lateral belt with species-specific communication calls presented at different azimuth positions. We found that neurons in the anterior belt are more selective for the type of call, whereas neurons in the caudal belt consistently show the greatest spatial selectivity. These results suggest that cortical processing of auditory spatial and pattern information is performed in specialized streams rather than one homogeneously distributed system.     

Instrumental conditioning of jugular self-infusion in the rhesus monkey

A technique is described for self-infusion of pharmacologic agents in solution through a permanently indwelling jugular catheter in the rhesus monkey. The results of an experiment utilizing this technique demonstrate that an instrumental lever response can be conditioned, extinguished, reconditioned, and brought under stimulus control and reward-schedule control with saline self-infusion as the reinforcing stimulus.     

Thalidomide: effect upon pregnancy in the rhesus monkey

Thalidomide was administered to 44 female rhesus monkeys immediately after they had mated. There were no live births from these animals, whereas there were 11 live births in 57 untreated monkeys. The results are statistically significant. The hypothesis is advanced that thalidomide killed the embryo prior to implantation.     

牛初乳sIgA分离纯化及其检测方法的研究进展

利用牛初乳开发新的功能性食品和类母乳化食品是当前研究热点,而在牛初乳中,sIgA是一种重要的免疫球蛋白,因此分离及检测牛初乳中sIgA具有重大现实意义。目前分离纯化方法主要有亲和色谱法、嗜硫色谱法、离子交换法、超滤法、酶解法等,检测方法有高效液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、辣根过氧化物酶标记凝集素法、免疫胶体金检测法等。文章对sIgA分离纯化及检测方法进行了简要介绍。     

Measurement of a visual motion aftereffect in the rhesus monkey

A monkey was trained to discriminate between a shrinking and expanding test figure presented after steady fixation of the center of a rotating spiral. Differential shifts in the animal's perception of size constancy were found for clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of the spiral. The magnitude of the aftereffect was within the range found in human subjects.     

Ultrastructure of secretory and high-polymer serum immunoglobulin A of human and rabbit origin

Electron micrographs of immunoglobulins A from human and rabbit colostrum, which were purified on tall agarose columns, revealed Y-shaped molecules (125 by 140 angstroms). The linear dimensions of the arms were 55 to 75 by 25 to 30 angstroms. A molecular model is postulated in which two immunoglobulin A monomers are superimposed on each other in a close-packed state with the secretory piece inserted in the constant region of the alpha-chains. High-polymer (11 or 13S) immunoglobulin A molecules (total span 100 to 110 angstroms) from human serum were composed of four arms (50 to 55 by 20 angstroms) joined at a contrast-rich center.     

Overproduction and elimination of retinal axons in the fetal rhesus monkey

Quantitative electron microscopic analysis reveals 2.85 million retinal axons in fetal rhesus monkeys--a number that is more than twice the 1.2 million present in the adult. More than 1 million supernumerary optic axons are eliminated before birth, simultaneously with the segregation of inputs from the two eyes into separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Selective elimination of optic axons may not only play a role in the segregation of binocular visual connections but, secondarily, may establish the ratio of crossed and uncrossed retinogeniculate projections.     

Expression of streptococcal M protein in Escherichia coli

The structural gene for group A streptococcal M protein, the fibrillar surface molecule enabling the organism to resist phagocytosis, has been cloned into Escherichia coli. The molecule produced by Escherichia coli is slightly larger than the M protein isolated by solubilization of the streptococcal cell wall, but is similar in size to that secreted by streptococcal protoplast and L forms. Immunologically, the molecule synthesized by Escherichia coli has the same type-specific determinants as the streptococcal M protein.