生物敷料对大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合的作用

为了评价生物敷料对烧伤创面的治疗效果，将SPF猪皮细化处理后制成软膏制剂，以其作为生物敷料对大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤进行了治疗试验，对照组采用普遍油纱布敷料处理，观察烧伤大鼠创面愈合程度，记录愈合时间，并测定了大鼠在烧伤前后的血液学指标。结果显示，试验组比对照组创面愈合时问短，愈合率高，血液学指标恢复较快。     

CLINICAL TECHNIQUE: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy-General Principles and Use in Avian Species

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an adjunctive wound management modality that has been shown to augment the treatment of acute and chronic dermal and subdermal wounds in human and veterinary medicine. The proposed effects of NPWT are multifactorial and include improvement of wound perfusion, reduction of interstitial edema and substances inhibitory to wound healing, enhancement of granulation tissue formation, and reduction in bacterial contamination from a wound bed. Together, the proposed benefits of NWPT can lead to enhanced efficiency of wound healing when this treatment modality is applied to a wound. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the mechanism of action of NPWT. Case selection, system application and management, as well as contraindications to NPWT therapy are presented. Potential uses, practical application, and limitations of use of NPWT in avian species are discussed.     

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma application on cutaneous wound healing in dogs

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and efficacy of intralesional injection as a method of application to acute cutaneous wounds in dogs. Healthy adult beagles (n = 3) were used in this study. Autologous PRP was separated from anticoagulant treated whole blood in three dogs. Cutaneous wounds were created and then treated by intralesional injection of PRP in the experimental group, while they were treated with saline in the control group on days 0, 2 and 4. The healing process was evaluated by gross examination throughout the experimental period and histologic examination on day 7, 14 and 21. In PRP treated wounds, the mean diameter was smaller and the wound closure rate was higher than in the control. Histological study revealed that PRP treated wounds showed more granulation formation and angiogenesis on day 7, and faster epithelialization, more granulation formation and collagen deposition were observed on day 14 than in control wounds. On day 21, collagen deposition and epithelialization were enhanced in PRP treated groups. Overall, PRP application showed beneficial effects in wound healing, and intralesional injection was useful for application of PRP and could be a good therapeutic option for wound management in dogs.     

Equine wound management: are there significant differences in healing at different sites on the body?

Abstract Trunk/body wounds heal rapidly with prominent Contraction while wounds on the limb commonly fail to heal or heal slowly by centripetal epithelialization. often with insignificant contraction. Chronic exuberant granulating wounds on the limbs heal well after grafting from donor sites on the trunk. Indolent wounds are less common but may granulate significantly following moist wound-healing management. Sarcoid transformation is an increasingly important cause of healing failure. Sarcoid transformations on the trunk are commonly verrucose while those on the limb are usually aggressive and fibroblastic. The primary objective of wound management should be to encourage rapid progression from acute inflammation to repair without intervention of chronic inflammation which is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of wound healing failure. Wounds fail to heal because there is disruption of the normal delicate balance of growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Wounds should be managed in such a way as to restore the balance of healing processes without damaging any of the cells involved in healing. Resumen Las heridas localizadas en el cuerpo o tronco curan rapidamente con contracción elevada, mientras que las de las extremidades no curan o curan lentamente por epitelización centrípeta, a menudo con contracción insignificante. Las heridas crónicas con tejido de granulación exhuberantes en las extremidades curan bien después de injertos a partir de áreas del tronco. Las heridas indolentes son menos frecuentes pero pueden granular significativamente después de un manejo húmedo de la curacion de la herida. La transformación sarcoidal es una causa cada vez más frecuente de fracaso de la curación. Las transformaciones sarcoidales en el tronco son generalmente de tipo verrucoso mientras que las de las extremidades son normalmente agresivas y fibroblásticas. El objetivo principal del manejo de heridas tendría que ser la estimulación de una progresión rápida de una inflamación aguda a la resolución sin intervención de inflamación crónica, que es un factor significativo en la patofisiología del fracaso en la curación de heridas. Las heridas no curan porque se produce una alteración en el frægil equilibrio normal de factores de crecimiento y mediadores inflamatorios. Las heridas tendrian que ser manejadas de forma que se restaure el equilibrio del proceso curativo sin dañar ninguna de las células implicadas en la curacion. [Knottenbelt, D.C. Equine wound management: are there significant differences in healing at different sites on the body? (Manejo de heridas equinas: existen diferencias significativas en la curación en diferentes areas cutaneas?). Veterinar.): Dermatology 1997; 8 : 273–290] Zusammenfassung Wunden am Rumpf heilen schnell und mit deutlicher Kontraktion, während sich Wunden an den Gliedmassen oft nur geringfügig zusammenziehen und entweder gar nicht oder nur langsam vom Rande her epithelisieren. Chronische, stark wuchernde Wunden an den Gliedmassen heilen nach Gewebetransplantation vom Rumpf zufriedenstellend. Indolente Wunden sind weniger häfig, können aber nach benetzender Wundversorgung deutlich granulieren. Sarkoide Transformation ist ein wichtiger Grund für Wundheilungstörungen. Sarkoide Transformationen am Rumpf sind gewöhnlich warzig, jene an den Gliedmassen üblicherweise aggressiv und fibroblastisch. Das wichtigste Ziel der Wundversorgung sollte es sein, eine schnelle Entwicklung von akuter Entzündung zur Heilung zu fördern, ohne in die chronische Entzündung einzugreifen, die ein massgeblicher Faktor in der Störung der Windheilung darstellt. Der Grund für eine nichtheilende Wunde ist eine Störung des enipfindlichen Gleichgewichts zwischen Wachstumsfaktoren und Entzündungsmediatoren. Wundversorgung soll das Gleichgewicht des Heilungsprozesses wiederherstellen, ohne Zellen zu beschädigen, die zur Wundheilung beitragen. [Knottenbelt, D.C. Equine wound management: are there significant differences in healing at different sites on the body? (Wundversorgung beim Pferd: Sind signifikante Heilungsunterschiede an verschiedenen Körperstellen vorhanden?). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 273–290] Résumé Les plaies affectant le tronc cicatrisent rapidement avec une contraction proéminente tandis que les plaies des membres cicatrisent ma1 ou lentement avec une épithélialisation centripète, et souvent avec une contraction insignifiante. Les plaies présentant une granulation chronique exhubérante sur les membres cicatrisent bien après greffe à partir d'un fragment prélevé sur le tronc. Les plaies atones sonl moins fréquentes, mais peuvent présenter un tissu de granulation significatif après application de pansements humides. La transformation en sarcoïde est une cause de plus en plus importante d'échec de cicatrisation. Les transformations en sarcoïdes sur le tronc sont fréquemment verruqueuses, alors que celles localisées sur les membres sont généralement agressives et fibroblastiques. Le but premier du traitement d'une plaie est de promouvoir la progression rapide d'une inflammation aigüe en cicatrisation sans passage par l'inflammation chronique qui est un facteur significatif dans la pathophysiologie de l'échec de cicatrisation des plaies. Les plaies ne cicatrisent pas parce qu'il y a un déséquilibre de la balance délicate entre facteurs de croissance et médiateurs de l'inflammation. Les plaies doivent être traitées de manière à restaurer l'équilibre des processus de cicatrisation sans altération des cellules impliquées dans l'inflammation. [Knottenbelt, D.C. Equine wound management: are there significant differences in healing at different sites on the body? (Traitement des plaies équines: y-a-t-il des différences significatives de cicatrisation en fonction de la topographie corporelle?). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 273–290]     

Treatment of chronic septic osteoarthritis of the antebrachiocarpal joint with a synovial‐cutaneous fistula utilising arthroscopic lavage combined with ultrasonic assisted wound therapy and vacuum assisted closure with a novel wound lavage system

This case report describes the successful management of a chronic multidrug resistant infection of the antebrachiocarpal joint with a synovial‐cutaneous fistula 7 weeks after initial trauma in a 14‐year‐old Icelandic stallion. Resolution of the multiresistant Enterobacter cloacae (extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase) infection from the joint and complete closure of the fistula was achieved by arthroscopic lavage under general anaesthesia repeated on 3 occasions, surgical debridement, ultrasound assisted wound therapy and vacuum assisted closure. Lavage of the wound with the vacuum assisted closure in place was facilitated via the novel VeraFlo instillation system consisting of specially designed therapeutic regulated accurate care pad tubing. The combination of these therapies resulted in resolution of the septic arthritis and fistula. Six weeks after admission the horse was discharged from the hospital with a completely healed wound and was not lame at a walk.     

Colonic,ureteral, and vascular injuries secondary to stick impalement in a dog

Objective – To report the surgical repair, case management, and outcome of a dog with sepsis and severe intraabdominal trauma secondary to a penetrating stick injury. Case or Series Summary – A 1.5‐year‐old, spayed female, mixed‐breed dog was presented to the emergency service after incurring a small laceration on the medial aspect of the left pelvic limb while running in the woods. The wound was surgically explored and a primary closure achieved. The patient was discharged the same day with oral antimicrobial therapy. The following morning the dog was represented to the emergency service for acute vomiting. Abdominal radiographs were performed and demonstrated loss of serosal detail and pneumoperitoneum. An emergency celiotomy was performed and revealed distal colonic perforation, left ureteral laceration, and lacerations of the left common iliac vein. Ureteronephrectomy, as well as primary closure of the distal colonic perforation and left common iliac vein lacerations, were performed. The patient recovered and was ultimately discharged from the hospital 5 days later. Follow‐up 1 year later revealed no significant physical exam or biochemical abnormalities. New or Unique Information Provided – A seemingly benign penetrating stick injury initially deemed to be superficial in nature was later demonstrated to have resulted in sepsis following severe intraabdominal trauma that included lacerations of the distal colon, left ureter, and left common iliac vein in a dog. Successful surgical management and intensive care led to a full recovery without any residual impairment noted a year later.     

Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice

Abstract Interactive dressings have been successfully used in human wound management to modify the microenvironment at the wound interface to improve the conditions for tissue repair. Only minimal investigation has as yet been carried out to determine the comparative performance of these products in veterinary practice. Some confusion exists with reference to the performance profiles and composition of the product groups. This review will attempt to clarify these differences and indicate their potential for use in veterinary practice. Resumen En la especie humana, se han utilizado favorablemente vendajes interactivos en el manejo de heridas, para la modificación del microambiente a nivel de la interfase de la herida, mejorando las condiciones para la reparación del tejido. Solamente se ha llevado a cabo hasta el momento una investigación mínima para determinar el efecto comparativo de estos productos en veterinaria. Existe una cierta confusión por lo que refiere a los perfiles de rendimiento y composición de los distintos productos. Esta revisión intenta clarificar estas diferencias e indicar su potencial uso en veterinaria. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (Vendajes interactivos utilizados en el manejo de heridas en tejidos blandos humanos y su potencial en veterinaria). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242] Zusammenfassung Interaktives Verbandsmaterial wird in der Humanmedizin zur Wundversorgung erfolgreich angewendet, um die Mikroumwelt an der Wundoberfläche zu beeinflussen und so die Bedingungen zur Wundheilung zu verbessern. Bis jetzt wurden nur wenige Untersuchungen durchgeführt, die die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Produkte in der Veterinärmedizin vergleichen. Es bestehen Unklarheiten bezüglich der Leistungsprofile und Zusammensetzung der Produktgruppen. In dieser Übersicht wird der Verusch unternommen, die Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten und das Verwendungspotential dieser Produkte in der Veterinärmedizin darzustellen. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (In der Humanmedizin verwendetes interaktives Verbandsmaterial und dessen Potential in der Veterinärmedizin). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242] Resumé Les pansements interactifs ont été utilises avec succès dans le traitement des plaies pour modifier le microenvironnement à l'interface des plaies afin d'améliorer les conditions de cicatrisation des tissus. Peu d'investigations ont été réalisées pour déterminer la performance comparative de ces produits en pratique vétérinaire. Des confusions existent concernant le profile de performance et la composition des groupes de produits. Cette revue essaye de clarifier ces différences et indique leur potentiel dans leur utilisation en pratique vétérinaire. [Turner, T.D. Interactive dressings used in the management of human soft tissue injuries and their potential in veterinary practice (Pansements interactifs utilisés dans le traitement des plaies des tissus mous chez l'humain et leur potentiel en pratique vétérinaire). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 235–242]     

OB‐cadherin cloning and expression in a model of wound repair in horses

Reason for performing study: Horses suffer from a debilitating impediment in repairing wounds located on the lower limb that leads to the development of a fibroproliferative disorder (exuberant granulation tissue). This condition is a source of wastage since it often forces retirement from competition. Treatments that resolve or prevent this condition are still lacking, maybe due to deficient knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast conversion is an essential step allowing contraction during wound repair and is accompanied by an increase in OB‐cadherin expression. Objectives: To clone equine cadherin‐11 (CDH11) cDNA and to study its spatiotemporal expression profile during the repair of body and limb wounds, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the repair process. Methods: Cloning was by a PCR technique. Expression was studied in intact skin and in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6‐week‐old wounds of the body and limb. Temporal CDH11 gene expression was determined by RT‐PCR while OB‐cadherin protein expression was mapped immunohistochemically. Results: Equine CDH11 is a highly conserved gene and protein. mRNA was not expressed in equine skin whereas the wound repair process was characterised by a significantly higher expression in the thorax than in limb samples. mRNA expression pattern was paralleled by protein data as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: The data suggest that deficient OB‐cadherin expression in the first phases of wound repair contributes to the excessive proliferative response seen in horse limb wounds. Potential relevance: Future studies should verify the quantitative, temporal expression of this protein in order to provide the basis for targeted therapies that might prevent the development of EGT in horse wound repair.     

Management of a chronic wound in a chimpanzee: A lesson learned

A male chimpanzee was presented with a chronic swelling near the left cheek region. Various attempts to treat the chimpanzee went in vain. Vices of the animal, emotional attitude of his family members, and rules and regulations of the Central Zoo Authority made the treatment a challenging task. Meanwhile, the swelling turned into an open wound because of the female chimpanzee that further aggravated the situation. Proper behavioral study of the subject, positive reinforcement training, and accurate treatment protocol resulted in complete healing of the wound without any complications.     

Advances in wound healing physiology: the comparative perspective

Abstract Understanding of the processes involved in wound healing in vertebrates is increasing rapidly owing to the application of advances in cell and molecular biology, and in technology. The cellular mechanisms which result in some vertebrates having the ability to regenerate the dermis after injury, whereas in others it is replaced by scar tissue, are currently being explored with a view to restoring this regenerative ability by modulating the intercellular systems which control wound healing. This introductory review (a) compares and contrasts the response to injury of homoiofhermic and poikilothermic animals and of foetal and post-natal mammals; (b) describes the mechanisms involved in cutaneous wound healing; (c) illustrates how the rate and quality of healing can be assessed non-invasively and objectively, and (d) describes how cutaneous healing can be improved by the application of electrophysical modalities employing ultrasound and light. Zusammenfassung Unser Verständnis von Wundheilungsprozessen bei Wirbeltieren wächst wegen der Fortschritte in Zell- und Molekularbiologie und Technologie rapide. Die zellulären Mechanismen, die es einigen Wirbeltieren ermöglichen, die Haut nach einer Verletzung zu regenerieren, während sie bei anderen durch Narbengewebe ersetzt wird, werden gegenwärtig erforscht, um diese Regenerationsfähigkeit durch Veränderung der interzellulären Systeme, die die Wundheilung kontrollieren, wiederherzustellen. Diese einführende Übersicht (a) vergleicht die Reaktion auf Verletzung in homiothermischen und poikilothermischen Tieren und in Säugetierfeten und Säugetieren nach der Geburt; (b) beschreibt die Mechanismen der kutanen Wundheilung; (c) illustriert, wie die Heilungsrate und -fähigkeit nichtinvasiv und objektiv bewertet werden kann, und (d) beschreibt, wie Wundheilung durch die Anwendung von elektrophysikalischen Heilmitteln wie Ultraschall und Licht verbessert werden kann. [Dyson, M. Advances in wound healing physiology: the comparative perspective (Fortschritte in der Wundheilungsphysiologie: die vergleichende Perspektive). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 227–233] Resumé La compréhension des processus impliqués dans la cicatrisation des plaies chez les vertébrés croït rapidement suite à l'application des progrès en biologie cellulaire et moléculaire et en technologie. Les mécanismes cellulaires qui résultent chez certains vertébrés dans la capacité du derme à se régénérer après une blessure alors que chez d'autres, il est remplacé par du tissus cicatriciel, sont actuellement explorés avec pour but de restaurer cette capacité régénératrice en modulant les systèmes intercellulaires qui contrôlent la cicatrisation des plaies. Cette revue d'introduction (a) compare et contraste la réponse des animaux homoiothermiques et poikilothermiques et des mammifères foetaux et postnataux au traumatisme; (b) décrit les mécanismes impliqués dans la cicatrisation des plaies; (c) illustre comment le taux et la qualité de cicatrisation peuvent être évalués de manière non invasive et objective; et (d) décrit comment la cicatrisation cutanée peut être améliorée par l'application de modalités électrophysiques utilisant ultra sons et lumière. [Dyson, M. Advances in wound healing physiology: the comparative perspective (Progres de la physiologie de la cicatrisation des plaies: les perspectives comparatives). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 227–233] Resumen El conocimiento de los procesos implicados en la curación de heridas en los vertebrados aumenta rápidamente debido a la aplicación de avances en biologia celular y molecular, y a la tecnologia. Actualmente se estan estudiando los mecanismos celulares que hacen que algunos vertebrados tengan la capacidad de regenerar la dermis después de una herida, mientras que en otros se sustituye por tejido de cicatrización, con el objetivo de restaurar la capacidad regenerativa modulando los sistemas intercelulares que controlan la curación de heridas. Esta revision introductoria a) compara y contrasta la respuesta a las heridas en animales homoiotermos y poiquilotermos y en mamiferos fetales y post-natales; b) describe los mecanismos implicados en la curación de heridas cutáneas; c) ilustra cómo el ritmo y la calidad de curación puede ser monitorizado de forma no-invasiva y objetiva y d) describe como la curación cutánea mejora mediante la aplicación de modalidades electrofisicas utilizando ultrasonidos y luz. [Dyson, M. Advances in wound healing physiology: the comparative perspective (Avances en fisiologia de la curación de heridas: perspectiva). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 227–233]     

Presence of opioid growth factor and its receptor in the normal dog,cat and horse cornea

Objective To determine if opioid growth factor (OGF, [Met⁵]enkephalin) and its specific receptor (OGFr) are present in normal cat, dog and horse cornea. Animals studied Normal dog, cat and horse. Procedure Corneas were obtained from animals euthanized for reasons unrelated to this project. One cornea from each of three normal cats, dogs and horses was evaluated. The right or left cornea from each animal was chosen randomly. Corneas were harvested and placed in corneal storage media for transport to The M.S. Hershey Medical Center of The Pennsylvania State University where immunocytochemistry techniques were used to demonstrate the presence and location of OGF and OGFr. Tissues were rinsed in Sorenson's phosphate buffer, immersed in 20% sucrose in buffer and then snap frozen in isopentane. Corneas were then embedded in OCT medium and 15 µm cryostat sections were created. Presence of OGF was determined by using a polyclonal antibody to [Met⁵]enkephalin and assessing immunoreactivity. OGFr presence was determined by using a previously characterized rabbit polyclonal antibody to the receptor. Results OGF and OGFr were identified in large quantities in the corneal epithelium of all three species. Conclusion Opioid growth factor and its specific receptor are present in the corneal epithelium of normal cats, dogs and horses. OGF is present in the cornea of many species and its presence is theorized to inhibit healing of injured tissue.     

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFs）对小鼠实验性创伤愈合的作用

实验利用酸性和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ａＦＧＦ和ｂＦＧＦ）,分别对小鼠进行实验性创伤修复试验。结果表明,ａＦＧＦ和ｂＦＧＦ对创伤愈合有显著的促进作用,而且ａＦＧＦ的效果优于ｂＦＧＦ。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF EQUINE SOLAR PENETRATION WOUNDS

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, signalment, clinical history and outcome of 55 horses with a penetrating sole injury were evaluated. Our aim was to describe MR imaging findings within the hoof capsule, assess the utility of the technique and give recommendations for the optimal MR imaging protocol to evaluate such injuries. Data from five equine hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. The tract was more likely to be visualized in animals scanned within the first week postinjury. There was no significant predisposition based on breed, age, or gender. T2*W transverse sequences were the most useful for assessment of solar penetrations due to their orientation perpendicular to the deep digital flexor tendon, the reduced scanning time, and the T2* capability of enhancing magnetic susceptibility caused by hemorrhage.