以新农村电气化推动新农村建设——河北省曲周县供电公司新农村电气化村建设侧记

"村里的电线规范了,墙上的电表箱漂亮了,村民们的用电安全了;灯泡变亮了.空调器能用了,生产生活比以前更方便了."     

当互联网遇见农机装备

正1万年前发生了农业革命,通过耕种延伸了我们的胃,解决了温饱的问题;250年前发生了工业革命,通过机械和电气延伸了我们的肌肉,解决了生产效率的问题;40年前发生了互联网革命,互联网延伸了人类的大脑,解决了信息不对称的问题;20年前互联网成为一个产业,进入消费互联网时代,解决了个人消费者个性化娱乐     

筒式减振器油液泄漏机理的研究

通过对减振器油液泄漏机理进行分析,得到了泄漏的主要影响因素.论述了减振器油液物理特性,并对使用前、后的减振器油液进行了物理和化学特性测试分析;对油液运动进行分析,建立了减振器临界速度的概念,给出了阻尼系数随速度变化的曲线;对液压气穴现象产生的机理进行分析,得到了气穴产生的影响因素.同时,对减振器进行了受力分析,建立了摩擦力解析计算式,给出了减小摩擦力的措施;对减振器密封圈的结构进行了分析,对吞入空气和泄漏油液的机理进行了探讨,提出了减振器油封结构设计应采取的措施.     

绞盘式喷灌机喷头车的适应性研究与优化设计

研究了绞盘式喷灌机喷头车的结构和适应的作物高度与作业场合,根据存在的适应性问题及现实需求对喷头车结构进行了优化改进。对比分析了多种方案,确定了最优方案为齿轮齿条结构,设计了增高装置。计算了增高装置适应的高度范围和减速箱输出扭矩。详细说明了增高装置的工作原理、使用方法;计算了减速箱选择的理论依据,试制了样机,并对样机进行了多轮田间试验,提出了使用注意事项。     

谈联合收割机跨区作业

联合收割机跨区作业好处多。一是加快了麦收进度，缩短了麦收时间，实现了丰产丰收。二是减轻了劳动强度，同时调剂了机械余缺，避免了农民重复购机，节约了资金；三是农机户扩大了作业范围，提高了机械的利用率，在服务中增加了收入。     

农机补贴加速推进农村发展——任城区农机购置补贴实施6周年回眸

农机购置补贴是推进新农村发展的有力推手。通过实施农机购置补贴,降低了农民的购机费用,激发了农民购置和使用农业机械的热情,优化了农机装备结构、提高了农机化发展水平、拉动了农机工业发展、促进了农民持续增收,补贴实施效果一目了然。在补贴过程中总结积累了宝贵的经验,发现了存在的问题,找到了解决的措施。     

基于ZigBee的温室房间温度传感器数据融合技术

介绍了ZigBee的技术特征,构建了一种基于ZigBee技术的低成本和低功耗温室温度无线传感器网络,并采用网内数据融合和神经网络的数据融合方法,提高了网络的整体效率,减少了数据传输量,降低了能耗,消除了单一传感器节点限制引起的误差,从而获得了更为精准的温值,提高了控制精度.     

玉米胚芽制油国家标准执行中的一些问题及建议

本文提出了GB19111-2003《玉米油》中存在的一些问题及建议,讨论了行业进步对标准的要求,介绍了玉米胚芽的来源,提出了玉米胚芽油的命名合理性,讨论了解决原油指标的办法,分析了色泽、烟点指标容易造成油脂过度精炼原因以及讨论了冷冻试验方法的改进。     

云南省甘蔗收获机械发展浅谈及小型甘蔗收割机介绍

本文介绍了云南省甘蔗种植情况及收获机械使用现状,论述了制约山地甘蔗收获机械发展的因素,并提出了促进了甘蔗收获机械化的建议。通过剖析了发展小型甘蔗收割机的意义,重点介绍了小型往复式甘蔗收割机的优势,并展望了云南甘蔗收获机械化的未来。     

农业机械化在解决“三农”问题中发挥积极作用

农业机械化的发展不断替代了农村劳力,一方面提高了劳动生产率,另一方面推进了农村劳动力进城务工,实现工资性收入,拓展了增收空间,缩小了城乡差别,实现了城乡统筹发展,改变了农村二元结构,化解了“三农”问题,推进了农业现代化、城镇化、工业化和信息化的同步发展。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture

The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance, water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers while protecting the environment.