Selection of Suitable Parents in the Development of Potato Hybrids in Bangladesh

Potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L)are the thirdlargest food crop in Bangladesh following rice andwheat and make a major contribution to the total foodsupply of the country.Although in many westerncountries potato is the number one staple food,it is al-most entirely used as a vegetable in Bangladesh.Thepotato is a short duration crop that produces a largeamount of calories in a short period of time[1].Thepotato produces more protein and calories per unitarea per unit time than any other major food…     

Changes in Methamidophos Resistance and Fitness of Hybrids in Different Strains of Nilaparvata lugens

A resistant strain selected successively in the laboratory for 17 generations had 198.63-fold resistance to methamidophos. The resistant levels and fitness of progenies from the resistant strain and susceptible strain or field population were closer to those of the resistant strain than those of the susceptible strain or field population. The changes in the resistant levels of the hybrid were propitious to the resistance development, however, the changes of the fitness went to the contrary. The effects of the migration on the development of methamidophos resistance in Nilaparvata lugens were discussed in the aspects of the migration of Nilaparvata lugens, the resistant levels of progenies and the changes of the fitness.     

Technologies of uplandrice popularized in Oceania

ＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｏｆｕｐｌａｎｄｒｉｃｅｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｚｅｄｉｎＯｃｅａｎｉａＡｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｐｒｏｇｒａｍ—Ｕｐｌａｎｄｒｉｃｅｐｅｒｅｎｎｉａｌｒｏｏｔｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ，ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，ｈａｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｉｎＰａｐｕａＮｅｗＧｕｉｎｅａ．Ｔｈｅｔｈｉｒｄｓｔｕｂｂｌｅｈａｓａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄａｂｕｍｐｅｒｈａｒｖｅｓｔｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ｗｉｔｈａｙｉｅｌｄｏｆ６３９０ｋｇ／ｈ…     

Analysis of restoring gene in Heizhenmi

The purple pigment is controlled by three dominant genes. According to the theory of dominance-super dominance in F1 generation.breeding purple black hybrid rice can be an effective way to overcome lower yield and weak resistance to disease of purple black rice.     

Pest insects of rice in China

In China, rice faces serious pest problem. About 347 pests attack rice plant in field, and 103 pests damage stored grain, powder and bran. Of those, at least 83 species can cause serious economic losses during rice production or storage. There exist four types of distribution of rice pests: 1. About 47.5% distribute over the south of the Qinling Mountain and the Huanghe River i.e. the South China rice cropping ares belonging to the Oriental region, e. g. Tryopryza incertulas (Walker). Catagella abjurella Walker, Chilo auricilia (Dudgeon), Susumia exigua Butler, Nephotet     

Study on the structures of papilla of lemma in Oryza

Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｏｆｌｅｍｍａａｍｏｎｇ２３Ｏｒｙｚａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄａｎｄｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏ６ｋｉｎｄｓｂｙｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ．Ｔｈｅｌｅｍｍａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｐａｐｉｌｌａｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌｓｗｉｔｈｍｕｌｔｉ＿ｒｏｗｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉｎａｌｏｒｄｅｒｅｄａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｐｉｌｌａｗａｓｉｎｓｅｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇ…     

Genetic analysis of quality traits in intersubspecies crosses of rice

Indica and japonica rices are two subspecies of Asia cultivated rice. Their grain qualities exist a significant difference. The objective of this paper is to study the genetic control of quality traits in intersubspecies crosses of rice.     

AMMI analysis of interaction of genotype and environment in chalkiness of indica rice

Chalkiness is an unpleasant trait for rice con-sumer. which is known to be controlled geneti-cally and affected by environment during grainmaturing. We used the model of Additive MainEffects and Multiplieative Interaction (AMMI)for interpreting the result of genotype by env-iornment interaction (G×E) in the chalkinessof indica rice varieties.     

Inheritance of short root in Oryza sativa

Two short root mutants,RM1 and RM2,wereobtained by treating a japonica rice variety O-hchikara with gamma ray.Seedling of RM1RM2,Ohchikara,(RM1×Ohchikara)F_1,and(RM2×Ohehikara)F_1 were cultured withKimura’s B solution.Generations made incross of RM1×Ohchikara were as follows: F_1(RM1×Ohchikara),B’_u{RM1×(RM1×O-hchikara)F_1},B’_(11){(RM1×Ohchikara)F_1×RM1},B_(12){Ohchikara×(RM1×Ohchikara)F1},and B’_(12){(RM1×Ohchiara)F_1×O-hchikara}.F_2 was obtained by F_1 selfing.Incross of RM2×Ohchikara,the correspondingF_1,B_(11),B’_(11).B_(12),B’_(12),and F_2 were also ob-tained.Reciprocal crosses were alsocarried be-tween RM1 and RM2.The germinated seeds of P_1,P_2,F_1,F_2,     

Introduction of Brazil upland rice in China

In 1992,the government of Brazil presented nine crop varieties to China.One of them is Brazil up-land rice IAPAR9.It was evaluated for commercial usage in China by China National Rice Re-search Institute(CNRRI).From 1993 to 1997,IAPAR9 was planted in Jiangxi Province in large area successfully.The     

Properties of the pigment in black rice

Pigment was extracted from pericarp of black rice variety Zixiangnuo. The effects of several factors, including pH, light, chemical reagents and foodstuff additives on the color, solubility and heat stability of the pigment were observed. The color of the pigment varied with different acid conditions. When the pH was below 3, a stronger absorption peak at 495nm was observed. If the pH was between 3 and 10, there was a platform in 400-495nm. No obvious absorption peak in visible light region was found when pH was above 10. As the pH increased, the color of the pigment changed, from deep red to light red until to yellowishbrown, e.g. pH 0-2, deep red; pH3-4, red pH5-6, quite red; pH9-10, faint red; pH11, faint brown yellow; pH12, light brown yellow; pH13, yellowish brown; pH14, deep yellowish brown. The change of color was reversible. The pigment was quite stable under nature light conditions. At pH 1, it was basically unchanged within 10 d under sunlight or within 60 d under indoor nature light. However,     

The technology of raising rice seedlings in dry nursery in China

A new technology of raising rice seedlings in dry nursery began to be adopted in early 1980's inChina. It expanded in Northeast of the Country and spreaded from North to South in the followingyears. In 1995, it was listed as one of the national popularization project during the 'Ninth Five-Year-Plan' by the Country Government. The total area was up to 9.3 million hm~2 in 1996 (cover-ing 80% paddy field in the northern parts of China). The expected popularized area will be up to15.3 million hm~2 in 2000 according to the Ministry of Agriculture, half of the total rice-growingarea in China.     

Dynamics of population of five parasitic Monogeneans of Oreochromis niloticus Linné, 1757 in the dam of Loumbila and possible interest in intensive pisciculture

The study of the gill fishes of 176 Oreochromis niloticus (L.) was undertaken in the dam of Loumbila (Burkina Faso), in order to obtain the first information on the dynamics of population of the Monogeneans parasites in a population of wild hosts. These data are essential in the search for means to avoid the enormous losses that often occur in intensive pisciculture. This analysis revealed the presence of five species of Monogeneans (Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus halli, Cichlidogyrus thurstonae, Cichlidogyrus rognoni and Scutogyrus longicornis). On the levels of the recorded infestations, these species taken individually probably do not control the population of Oreochromis niloticus. In the dam of Loumbila, the fluctuations of parasitic abundances are neither seasonal nor cyclic. The size either does not have an influence on parasitism. However, the sex effect was noted with C. halli, the females thus were more infested than the males. O. niloticus is parasitized all the year, because the recruitment of these organisms, although relatively weak, is continuous; this logically results in their accumulation in this fish.     

Utilization of Aromatic Rice in Improving Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice

ThesuccessfuldevelopmentandcommercialuseofhybridricehasgreatlyraisedriceyieldlevelinChina .However ,ithasbeenagreatchallengeforbreederstoim provethegrainqualityofhybridricewithoutsacrificeofitsyield ,i.e .,todevelophybridricecombinationswithgoodgrainqualityaswellashighyield .AromaticricelikeBasmatiinIndiaandPakistanandJasmineinThailand ,isfamousforitshighqualityandu niquepleasantflavorofaroma ,soitishighlyfavoredbyriceconsumersaroundtheworld .Itmightbeaneffectiveapproachtoimprovethegrainqual…     

Traits of physiological genetics related to photoinhibition of photosynthesis in rice

To elucidate genetic background of photoinhibition of photosynthesis (PS), we studied the changes of D_1-protein content and SOD activities in japonica and indica varieties, and their reciprocal hybrids after photoinhihition-inducing treatment by using isotope tracer. Judging from rate of photoinhibition (RPI) of PS, we found that japonica varieties were more tolerant to photoinhibition than indica varieties. How ever, the value of RPI of F_1 hybrids, though lying between those of their parents, was closer to that of their maternals than to that of paternals. Similar results were obtained in terms of PS Ⅱ activities and D_1-protein contents (Fig.1). To study the effects of SOD on PS in japonica and indica varieties. and their reciprocal hybrids,     

The study of submicrostructure on leave-back in 9 species of rice

The submicro-characters on the leave-back of 9 Oryza species, O.australiensis,O.granulata, O.punctata, O.officinalis, O.latifolia, O.barthii, O.glaberrima, O.rufipogon, and O.sativa were studied with the Scanning Electric Microscope (SEM). The leave-back consisted of 3 vertically linked subunits, silica-phellem block, stomate block, and large-tubercle block were observed. The O.rufipogon, O.sativa, O.barthii, and O.glaberrima have a papicle on the phellem cell (Figl: 6,7,8,9,10), which is absent in the other 5 species (Fig1:1,2,3,4,5). The stomatic block has 1-3 rows storeates and some papicles around the stomate. On O.rufipogon and O.sativa more than 4 large papicles are obviously observed around the stomate (Fig2: 8,9,10). On O.granulate and O.punctata there are 4 small papicles on the stomate which located at both poles of the stom     

The Development of β-Glucanase and Degradation of β-Glucan in Barley Grown in Scotland and Spain

The barley mutant TR49 and the cultivar from which it was derived, Troubadour, were grown in Scotland and Spain and harvested in 1991 and 1992. The development of β-glucanase together with the breakdown of β-glucan and the reduction in milling energy were followed during malting. While similar amounts of β-glucan were found in samples from both sites, TR49 showed less response to environmental conditions. Grain from Spain showed higher levels of β-glucanase activity, differences being apparent after steeping and 1–2 days of germination. The milling energy of grain was the same, but, during malting, samples from Spain showed a greater reduction in milling energy than those from Scotland. The most extreme environment in the study was the 1991 season at the Spanish site and was the driest and hottest. But even in the cooler, wetter season of 1992, Spanish grown material showed a greater production of β-glucanase than Scottish grown samples. These findings have important implications for plant breeding as well as the growing and trading of malting barley on a European scale.