日粮添加中药富硒酵母对鸡肉品质的影响

取1日龄健康闽中麻鸡396羽,随机分为4组,每组99羽,组内设3个重复,每个重复33羽,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的中药富硒酵母。于49 d后试验鸡颈静脉放血致死,取胸肌和腿肌进行肉品质分析,以研究中药富硒酵母对闽中麻鸡肌肉品质的影响。结果:与对照组相比较,试验组胸肌肌肉的滴水损失率极显著降低(P<0.01),肌肉红色度和粗蛋白含量极显著提高(P<0.01);肌肉含水率、肌纤维直径显著降低(P<0.05),黄色度、肌纤维密度和粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05);肌肉pH值变化不显著(P>0.05)。腿肌肌肉的滴水损失率、肌纤维直径较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),肌肉的红色度和肌纤维密度极显著提高(P<0.01);肌肉含水率显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05);黄色度和pH值变化不显著(P>0.05)。表明日粮添加中药富硒酵母能够改善闽中麻鸡肉品质,以0.4%效果最为显著。     

日粮添加富硒益生菌对山羊血液学指标和抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究日粮添加富硒益生菌(SP)对山羊血液学指标及机体抗氧化能力的影响,本试验选取8头装有永久性瘘管的山羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,进行4期试验(15 d/期)。在基础日粮中分别添加0(对照)、8(LSP)、16(MSP)和32(HSP)mL/次的SP(每日2次),于每期的第15天晨饲前颈静脉采血,测定血细胞、血液生化指标和抗氧化能力。结果显示:添加SP对血液细胞影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加高剂量的SP能显著提高红细胞数(P<0.05);添加SP对血浆胆固醇、尿素氮和血糖浓度影响均不显著(P>0.05),但添加中剂量和高剂量的SP能显著提高血浆总蛋白浓度(P<0.05);添加SP能显著提高山羊机体的抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。     

补硒对肉羊血硒水平、产肉性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量的硒对肉羊血硒水平、屠宰性能和肉品品质的影响。将全舍饲条件下的25头5月龄布尔山羊×关中奶山羊F1代羔羊随机分为4个试验组和对照组,试验组分别肌肉注射亚硒酸钠维生素E注射液1、2、3和4mL在试验开始后第0、10、20、30、40和50d早晨对所有羊只进行空腹称重并采集血样,测定血清中的硒含量,试验结束后测定其胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、水分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量等各项指标。结果表明:(1)在2～50d,处理组血清硒水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在第10d时,血清硒水平达到峰值,第50d时处理组血清硒水平最低的Ⅰ组仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)各处理组羔羊日增重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率、骨肉比、眼肌面积无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)处理组背最长肌硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(4)Ⅱ组肉样滴水损失显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),出注射适量的亚硒酸钠维生素E可以提高血清硒、肌肉硒水平,降低肌肉滴水损失,以注射2mL(含Se 0.92mg)为宜。     

硒对猪生长发育和胴体肉品质的影响

猪肉消费在我国居民的肉类消费中占主导地位,随着经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,消费者对猪肉品质有了更高的要求。研究发现,猪肉品质受遗传、营养、饲养管理和环境等因素影响,常用肉色、pH值、肌内脂肪、滴水损失、嫩度和风味等指标表示。许多研究表明,硒能有效提高猪的生长发育性能和繁殖能力,改善育肥猪肉的抗氧化能力,改善育肥猪的肉色、pH值及系水力等指标,提高育肥猪肉的品质。本文综述了硒对猪生长发育和胴体肉品质的影响。     

饲喂紫云英富集硒对动物组织硒储留和血液生化指标的影响

通过施给亚硒酸钠培植硒富集紫云英 ,研究其对动物组织硒储留及相关血液生化指标的影响。试验选用18只黄羽肉鸡随机等分为 3组 ,分别饲喂基础、亚硒酸钠或紫云英硒日粮。结果表明 ,血浆硒含量按基础、亚硒酸钠、紫云英硒日粮顺序呈上升趋势 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,其中喂紫云英硒组比亚硒酸钠组高 2 1% (P >0 .0 5 )。紫云英硒组的鸡肝、肾、脾和胸肌组织硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组 ,分别提高 4 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,2 8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,31% (P <0 .0 5 )和 30 % (P <0 .0 1)。正试期的第 2d和第 10d ,紫云英硒组的血液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比亚硒酸钠组有提高的趋势 ,提高幅度为 6 %和 13% (P >0 .0 5 )。综上所述 ,紫云英富集硒比亚硒酸钠更易于被动物组织存留和利用     

奶牛日粮中添加富硒酵母对乳硒和血清硒含量的影响

通过日粮添加富硒酵母研究有机硒对泌乳奶牛乳硒含量和血清硒含量的影响。试验选择24头胎次相同,泌乳日龄、产奶量和体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,对照组和处理组均饲喂相同的TMR基础日粮,TMR基础日粮硒含量为0.33 mg/kg,处理组另补充富硒酵母,源于富硒酵母的硒为0.78 mg/kg DM,整个试验期56 d。试验结果表明,添加富硒酵母后对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳常规和乳常规产量没有显著影响,但显著提高了血清和牛奶中硒含量,分别为123.1和97.7 μg/L,与对照组相比,血清硒含量和牛奶硒含量分别提高了60.5%和194.3%。同时,在整个试验期内,血清硒含量呈上升趋势,而牛奶硒很快达到了稳定状态。     

纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响。试验将60只3月龄、体重大小一致的健康黄淮肉羊随机分为3组,Ⅰ组：基础日粮,Ⅱ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.3 ppm,Ⅲ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.4 ppm。预试验7 d,正式试验期60 d。结果表明：（1）与I组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著增加黄淮肉羊血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏和背最长肌组织中的硒含量（P<0.05）;(2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊血清、肝脏、背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平（P<0.05）;(3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊肉色a值（P<0.05）,改善肉品质。综上所述,黄淮肉羊日粮中以纳米硒作为硒源添加,可显著提高机体抗氧化能力,改善羊肉品质,各组织硒含量随日粮中纳米硒添加水平的增加而提高。     

硒代蛋氨酸对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

为了研究有机硒硒代蛋氨酸对黄羽肉鸡屠宰品质的影响，试验选用黄羽肉鸡（岭南黄）130只，育饲一周后淘汰弱雏，随机分5组，分不同水平在饲料中添加硒代蛋氨酸这种硒源,进行饲养试验，试验末期70日龄进行屠宰试验。检测分析相关指标。结果表明，硒代蛋氨酸有利于提高黄、羽肉鸡的肉品质，但是，对于肌纤维直径；硒的各添加组间并无显著差异。     

饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验选用28只体重为(23.35±2.45)kg的波杂羊(波尔山羊×徐淮山羊),随机分成4组(每组7只),分别饲喂含0(A组,作为对照组)、15%(B组)、25%(C组)、40%金针菇菌渣(D组)的试验饲粮。试验羊单独饲喂,在试验结束时(饲喂45 d后)进行屠宰,分别测定山羊的屠宰率、眼肌面积以及背最长肌的pH、色度、剪切力、蒸煮损失率和滴水损失率。结果表明:1)C组的屠宰率与B组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于A和D组(P0.05);C组的屠宰率分别比A、B和D组提高了2.46%、1.35%和8.32%。B和C组的眼肌面积与A组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于D组(P0.05)。2)C组山羊的背最长肌的滴水损失率与B和D组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著低于A组(P0.05);与A、B和D组相比,C组山羊的背最长肌的蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05);B、C和D组的剪切力差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著低于A组(P0.05)。饲粮中添加不同水平的金针菇菌渣对山羊背最长肌宰后45 min pH(pH_(45 min))、宰后24 h pH(pH_(24 h))、红度(a~*)值和黄度(b~*)值无显著影响(P0.05),但能显著降低背最长肌亮度(L~*)值。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同水平的金针菇菌渣对山羊的屠宰性能以及肉品质产生不同程度的影响,饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平为25%时对提高山羊的屠宰性能以及改善肉品质方面具有较好的效果。     

硒代甲硫氨酸对肉仔鸡肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响

试验采用单因子随机化设计,将400只AA肉仔鸡随机分为5个组,每个组设4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,并添加亚硒酸钠0.30 mg/kg;第2~5组为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上,分别添加0.15、0.30、0.45、0.60 mg/kg的硒代甲硫氨酸。通过42 d的饲养试验和测试,综合日增重、采食量和料重比3项生长性能指标,当硒代甲硫氨酸添加量为0.30 mg/kg时肉仔鸡生长性能最佳,且与对照组差异显著(P0.05);与0.30 mg/kg无机组相比,相同剂量的硒代甲硫氨酸在改善肉鸡的屠宰性能方面,可显著提高半净率、腿肌率(P0.05),对胴体率、全净率、胸肌率也有改善作用(P0.05),对改善肉品的滴水损失、嫩度和肉色作用显著(P0.05),但对屠宰24 h后胸肌pH值差异不显著(P0.05);硒代甲硫氨酸添加浓度为0.15 mg/kg、0.30 mg/kg时,对提高肉仔鸡机体抗氧化效应显著(P0.05)。综合各项指标,对于1~42日龄肉仔鸡最适的硒代甲硫氨酸添加量为0.30 mg/kg。     

富硒日粮对鸡蛋品质及硒沉积的影响

试验选用45周龄龙华草鸡型蛋鸡288只,随机分为2组:对照组和富硒组;每组为144只。试验组在对照组的基础上添加富硒蛋白粉1.00 mg/kg(以硒计),试验期30 d。结果表明:高硒日粮对试鸡的产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋重等产蛋性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和蛋品新鲜度等蛋品质指标也无显著影响(P>0.05);但可使蛋中硒含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。     

不同硒源村黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

试验选用黄羽肉鸡(岭南黄)270只,预饲一周后淘汰弱雏,选用体况相近的雏鸡,随机分9组,进行饲养试验,试验末期70日龄进行屠宰试验,研究亚硒酸钠和硒代蛋氨酸对黄羽肉鸡屠宰品质的影响.结果表明,在等量添加基础上,硒代蛋氨酸比亚硒酸钠更有利于提高黄羽肉鸡肉品质,但是,对于肌纤维直径,两种硒源在各添加组间并无显著差异.     

硒和维生素E协同添加对肉鸡肉品质量的影响

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对肉品的品质也要求越来越高。肉品质量主要由肉品的理化性质决定，肉品的化学成分与其营养价值关系密切；肉品的物理指标如颜色、持水性、嫩度和多汁性等直接影响消费者对肉品的接受程度。     

日粮中添加富硒酵母生产富硒鸡蛋的研究

采用短期饲喂试验研究了富硒酵母硒在鸡蛋中的沉积。将600羽46周龄产蛋率约为80％的罗曼蛋鸡随机分为4个组，A组为对照组喂基础日粮(添加了0．3mg／kg无机硒，来源于亚硒酸钠)，B、C、D组为试验组，在基础日粮中分别加0．2、0．4、0．6mg/kg有机硒(来源于富硒酵母)。结果显示，日粮中加富硒酵母可显著提高鸡蛋中硒含量，但对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响，硒主要存在于蛋黄中；A、B、C、D组蛋中硒平均含量分别为6．84、10．02、18．24、27．18μg/只；而且蛋黄中硒含量增高使蛋黄的维生素E水平也增高，富硒鸡蛋在贮藏中哈氏单位下降缓慢，可延长鸡蛋的贮藏期。     

日粮不同能量水平对中卫山羊育成母羊增重与屠宰性能的影响

选11月龄、健康、体重相近的中卫山羊育成母羊24只,随机分为3组,分别饲喂不同能量水平和精粗比的日粮,通过梯度饲养试验与屠宰试验结合的方法,研究日粮能量水平与精粗比对其增重与产肉性能的影响。结果表明:试验羊增重、日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积等产肉性能指标随日粮能量水平的增加而提高。     

Effect of organic selenium in quail diet on its accumulation in tissues and transfer to the progeny

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects on the eggs and hatchlings (up to 2 weeks post-hatch) of feeding a relatively large amount of so-called organic selenium to breeder quail. 2. Two groups of quail (3 families in each group consisting of 4 females and 1 male) were formed at the beginning of their reproductive period. The quail were fed on a commercial maize-based diet containing 0.096 mg/kg feed-derived selenium (Se), supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg selenite (control group) or 0.5 mg/kg organic selenium in the form of Sel-Plex (Alltech Ltd, USA) for 6 months. Eggs were collected at 6 months of age and Se in the egg yolk, egg white and shell was analysed. Five quail at 1, 7 and 14 d post-hatch were killed to provide samples of liver, brain, breast and leg muscles for Se analysis. After egg collection for analysis and incubation, adult quail were killed and liver, kidney, lung, brain, breast and leg muscles were collected for Se analyses. 3. Inclusion of high doses (0.5 mg/kg) of organic Se in the quail diet was associated with a significant increase in Se concentration in all tissues studied of adult quail as well as in egg yolk, egg albumin and eggshell. 4. Increased Se concentration in the quail egg was associated with increased Se concentration in the liver, breast and leg muscles and brain of newly hatched quail. This difference was shown to be significant for 2 weeks post-hatch. Therefore, it has been suggested that the maternal effect of dietary selenium can be seen beyond the hatching time and more emphasis should be given to this effect in future. 5. It was shown that it is possible to produce Se-enriched quail meat and eggs by adding organic selenium to the diet.     

Effect of posttransportation grazing on the physiological condition and meat quality traits of Black Bengal goats

This study was designed to reveal the role of posttransportation grazing on the physiological condition and meat quality traits of Black Bengal goats. Twenty‐four castrated male Black Bengal goats were divided into a control (untransported) group and three treated groups: Walking and Transportation with Human Interference group (WTHI) (30 min walking before 6 hr transport and then 30 min walking with human interference), posttransportation grazing for 48 hr (PTG1), and posttransportation grazing for 72 hr (PTG2). The WTHI and PTG1 groups had a significant reduction in their blood concentrations of tri‐iodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄), and a significantly higher neutrophil and lymphocyte (N:L) ratio compared with those of the control group. Blood concentrations of T₃ and T₄ and the N:L ratio of PTG2 returned to the control level after 72 hr of grazing. The final pH and water‐holding capacity values of meat were significantly higher in the WTHI group than in the control group, but those in the PTG2 group returned to the control level after 72 hr of grazing. These results demonstrate that posttransportation grazing for 72 hr is effective for recovering from damage induced by transportation stress.     

The effects of soybean selenium proteinate on tissue selenium and meat quality traits in finishing pigs

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of soybean selenium proteinate on Se tissue retention and meat quality in pigs. In group A (n = 11) the mixtures were supplemented with soybean selenium proteinate, in group B (n = 11) with sodium selenite and in group C (n = 11) with Se-enriched yeast (0.3 mg Se per kg in all groups). The use of soybean selenium proteinate resulted in lower retention of Se in tissues (liver, heart, muscle) compared to Se-enriched yeast. Selenium concentrations in tissues achieved by soybean selenium proteinate and sodium selenite were comparable. No differences in serum Se, serum GSH-Px and meat quality traits were found among the groups.     

Effects of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on selenium distribution and meat quality of pigs

Abstract

The study was conducted on 60 pigs kept in individual pens. The animals were allocated to four groups. The growing-finishing pigs from the control group were fed with basic feed containing 0.3 mg selenium (Se) derived from Na₂SeO₃ kg^?1 and 60 mg of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate kg^?1. The remaining three groups were differentiated by adding 0.2 mg kg^?1 Se-enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and/or 60 mg vitamin E to feed (grower and finisher). Our results show that the addition of organic Se to inorganic Se commonly used in pig feed caused a significant increase in hepatic Se and muscle. This indicates the possibility of using these products as functional foods to improve Se status in humans residing within regions which are deficient in this trace element. We found no beneficial effect of supplementation with vitamin E and Se on the quality of the meat.