限饲对商品代AA肉仔鸡生产性能及其经济效益的影响

本研究通过对蛋白、能量和饲料采食量的限饲,探讨商品代AA肉仔鸡(ArberAcres)在35日龄出栏时,限饲对生产性能及其经济效益的影响。试验选用了1日龄AA健康肉仔鸡960只,研究在7～14日龄限饲对35日龄出栏时的生产性能和经济效益的影响。研究结果表明,饲料采食量以限采食量组最低,而体增重、料重比和死淘率最佳值都出现在限采食量组,限蛋白组的效果最差。经济效益分析的结果也表明,限饲料采食组量的效益最好。试验研究表明,肉仔鸡在7～14日龄时限制采食量25%可以提高其生长、生产性能和提高经济效益。因此,在实践生产中可以考虑予以推广采用。     

限饲对商品代AA肉仔鸡生产性能及其经济教益的影响

本研究通过对蛋白、能量和饲料采食量的限饲，探讨商品代AA肉仔鸡（Arber Acres）在35日龄出栏时，限饲对生产性能及其经济效益的影响。试验选用了1日龄AA健康肉仔鸡960只，研究在7～14日龄限饲对35日龄出栏时的生产性能和经济效益的影响。研究结果表明，饲料采食量以限采食量组最低，而体增重、料重比和死淘率最佳值都出现在限采食量组，限蛋白组的效果最差。经济效益分析的结果也表明，限饲料采食组量的效益最好。试验研究表明，肉仔鸡在7～14日龄时限制采食量25％可以提高其生长、生产性能和提高经济效益。因此，在实践生产中可以考虑予以推广采用。     

不同限饲方法对AA肉仔鸡生产性能及其经济效益的影响

1材料与方法1.1试验动物本试验选用960只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为对照组(自由采食组)、限25%蛋白组(限蛋白组)、限25%能量组(限能量组)和限25%饲料采食量组(限采食量组),每组各须重复,每个组重复80只,公母混养。1.2试验饲料本试验饲料采用玉米-豆粕型日粮,限饲期(7～14日龄)饲料     

早期能量限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏器官和胫骨生长的影响

本试验旨在研究8~14日龄能量限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏器官和胫骨生长的影响。选择同一批出雏、健康、体重相近的1日龄AA公雏300只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复15只。基础日粮在8~14日龄分别限饲能量0、5%、10%和15%,其余营养水平均满足肉仔鸡生长需求,14、42日龄从各重复中选取1只接近该重复平均体重的鸡屠宰进行测定。结果表明:①从生长性能上看,肉仔鸡8~14日龄限饲能量10%组采食量显著大于其他组(P<0.05),14日龄体重显著大于对照组(P<0.05),限饲能量15%组料重比显著大于其他组(P<0.05),限饲能量10%组15~42日龄采食量显著大于其他组(P<0.05),42日龄体重显著大于其他组(P<0.05);②从屠宰性能上看,8~14日龄能量限饲对肉仔鸡42日龄屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05);③从内脏器官上看,早期能量限饲有利于增加肉仔鸡限饲期心脏重量,限饲能量10%组心脏重量显著大于对照组(P<0.05),限饲组腺胃重均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),限饲能量10%组42日龄肌胃重显著大于其他组(P<0.05);④从胫骨生长上看,限饲能量5%组胫骨密度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。提示,肉仔鸡8~14日龄日粮能量适宜限饲水平为10%。     

早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响

试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响。以320只1日龄AA+肉用仔鸡为试验动物。设4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复20只肉仔鸡。对照组根据AA+商品代肉鸡营养标准配制。各处理肉用仔鸡1～7日龄均为自由采食,8～14日龄对照组、限饲90%组、限饲80%组和限饲70%组分别饲喂自由采食量的100%、90%、80%和70%,15日龄恢复自由采食,以后按常规饲养管理。每周末,以重复为单位全部称重。分别于42、49日龄,每个重复随机抽取4只肉用仔鸡禁食12h、称重、屠宰、测定屠体品质。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5、6、7周及2～6、2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等都无显著差异(P0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P0.05),限饲70%～80%,具有改善饲料转化效率、胸肌率、腹脂率的作用。     

饲粮添加发酵酒糟对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加发酵酒糟对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响。选取体况相近的1日龄AA雄性肉仔鸡440只,分为5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复11只鸡。处理一为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其他处理为试验组,分别饲喂添加2.5%低纤维发酵酒糟,5%低纤维发酵酒糟,2.5%高纤维发酵酒糟和5%高纤维发酵酒糟的试验饲粮。试验期共35 d。结果表明:饲粮中添加发酵酒糟的试验组肉仔鸡的出栏重和欧洲效益指数都高于对照组,死淘率低于对照组(P0.05),1~21日龄添加低纤维发酵酒糟能显著降低饲料增重比(P0.05),22~35日龄阶段2.5%高纤维发酵酒糟添加组的采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮添加发酵酒糟还能增加肉仔鸡空肠的乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量(P0.1)。综上,饲粮中添加发酵酒糟能改善肉仔鸡的生产性能,促进肠道健康。     

数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能胴体品质的影响

试验:早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响以15只1日龄艾维茵肉用仔鸡为试验动物。饲养时间为0~7周龄。试验设2个处理组,一组为数量限制组为自由采食组的85%,另一组为对照组,即自由采食组。结果:限饲组的日增重、饲料转化率、4~6周龄体重均显著低于自由采食组(P0.05);限饲组可以提高肉鸡肝脏指数。早期数量限饲有降低肉鸡全期平均日采食量、日增重及料肉比的趋势;早期数量限饲降低肉鸡4~6周龄的平均日采食量(P0.01)及显著降低日增重(P0.05)。     

限饲对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能的影响

试验研究了数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能的影响。以144只8日龄AA+肉仔鸡为试验动物,设3个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组基础日粮参照NRC(1994)肉仔鸡营养需要配制,限饲组日粮为基础日粮的90%和80%,限饲时间为8~21日龄,常规饲养管理,试验于42日龄结束,结果表明:在第3周,对照组肉仔鸡的体重显著高于90%限饲组13.33%和80%限饲组25.92%(P0.05),对照组肉仔鸡的日增重比90%限饲组高14.91%和80%限饲组高25.2%(P0.05);在42日龄,80%的限饲组体重低于对照组4.97%(P0.05),90%限饲组比对照组低3.31%(P0.05),且90%限饲组的饲料报酬和采食量与对照组相比差异并不显著(P0.05),同时限饲组对肉鸡的屠宰性能没有显著影响,90%和80%限饲组的屠体重比对照组低5.09%和7.01%(P0.05)。限饲组显著提高了21、28和35日龄的血浆超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性(P0.05)(80%限饲组28日龄除外),42日龄差异不明显(P0.05)。丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)浓度,在21日龄时,90%限饲组低于对照组11.74%(P0.05),28日龄,90%限饲组低于对照组9.17%(P0.05),80%限饲组高于对照组6.38%(P0.05),在35日龄,90%限饲组高于对照组7.92%(P0.05),80%限饲组低于对照组8.77%((P0.05))。限饲组42日龄,均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。     

肉仔鸡早期限制饲养对其生产性能及屠体品质的影响

本研究对肉仔鸡早期进行不同方式的限制饲养探讨其对肉鸡的生产性能及屠体品质的影响。试验一用低、中、高三种营养水平日粮饲喂１—３周龄肉鸡；试验二从肉鸡的８日龄开始分别限饲，采食量１、２周（喂自由采食量的６０％）及４周（喂自由采食量的８０％）。结果表明肉仔鸡早期喂低营养水平日粮，７周龄体重虽高于对照组水平，但饲料利用率、成活率均显著下降。喂中等营养水平日粮可提高饲料利用率。肉仔鸡早期限制采食量，不能完全补偿生长，特别是限饲２周时间显著影响７周龄体重，且饲料利用率下降。肉仔鸡早期限饲未降低腹脂率     

早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体特性的影响

试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。200只8日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡被随机分成4组,每组五个重复,每重复10只鸡。对照组基础饲粮根据NRC营养水平配制,试验组肉仔鸡从8日龄开始喂料量分别为对照组的90%、80%和70%,限饲1周后各组恢复自由采食。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);5、6、7周及2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等方面都无显著差异(P>0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。     

早期限饲对肉鸡补偿性生长的影响

试验观察了几种早期限饲措施对肉鸡补偿性生长和消化器官发育的影响。结果显示,各种早期限饲处理均可明显降低肉鸡早期的生长速度和体重;恢复自由采食后肉鸡获得了补偿性生长,适当的早期限饲并不影响肉鸡的最终上市体重;早期限饲改善了饲料效率;限饲鸡胰脏相对重量和肌胃 腺胃相对重量显著高于非限饲鸡,提示早期限饲诱发肉鸡补偿性生长可能与限饲促进消化器官发育、提高消化能力有关。     

能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响

本试验旨在研究能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响,选用72只15日龄三黄母鸡,随机分为3个组:自由采食组(对照组)、15%能量限制组(试验1组)和30%能量限制组(试验2组),限饲15 d(30日龄)、补偿生长14 d(44日龄)和35 d(65日龄)后分别屠宰,取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测量其肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明:1)限饲降低三黄鸡平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。补偿生长后,试验组与对照组组间的末重、平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著(P0.05)。2)限饲增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。补偿生长后,十二指肠肠壁厚度变薄(P0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度增加(P0.05)。本试验表明,能量限制显著降低三黄鸡限饲期生长性能,补偿生长35 d后表现出完全补偿生长效应;能量限制在一定程度上改善了三黄鸡的小肠肠道形态结构,增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。     

不同限饲方法对爱拔益加肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及骨骼性状的影响

本试验旨在研究不同限饲方法对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及骨骼性状的影响。试验选用80只7日龄的AA肉鸡,随机分成4组:对照组、料量限饲组、能量限饲组和蛋白质限饲组,每组20只鸡。限饲14d(21日龄)、补偿生长21d(42日龄)后每组分别屠宰8只,取其胸肌、腿肌、腹脂、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、骨骼等组织并称重,以及测量骨骼的长度和直径。结果表明:1)限饲后,3个限饲组肉鸡的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均差异不显著(P0.05),但料量限饲组末重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率显著低于对照组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著低于蛋白质限饲组和对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著差异(P0.05),但料量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)限饲后,蛋白质限饲组肉鸡的肝脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组肉鸡的胰脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05);对照组脾脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的心脏指数、肝脏指数、胰脏指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重和股骨长显著低于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的股骨直径显著低于对照组和蛋白质限饲组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重、股骨长和股骨直径均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,3种限饲方法均降低了AA肉鸡的平均日增重和部分骨骼性状指标,其中料量限饲法对肉鸡平均日增重和骨骼性状影响最大。经过21d的补偿生长后,3种个限饲组均表现出补偿生长效应,骨骼性状无显著变化,但料量限饲法会降低肉鸡全期的平均日增重和末重,建议生产中慎用料量限饲法。     

Effects of early feed restriction and cold temperature on lipid peroxidation, pulmonary vascular remodelling and ascites morbidity in broilers under normal and cold temperature

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of early feed restriction on lipid peroxidation, pulmonary vascular remodelling and ascites incidence in broilers under normal and low ambient temperature. In experiment 1, the restricted birds were fed 8h per day either from 7 to 14 d or from 7 to 21 d, while the controlled birds were fed ad libitum. In experiment 2, the restricted birds were fed 80 or 60% of the previous 24-h feed consumption of full-fed controls for 7 d from 7 to 14 d. On d 14, half of the birds in each treatment both in experiment 1 and experiment 2 were exposed to low ambient temperature to induce ascites. Body weight and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly. The incidences of ascites and other disease were recorded to determine ascites morbidity and total mortality. Blood samples were taken on d 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 to measure the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). On d 42, samples were taken to determine the right/total ventricular weight ratio (RV/TV), vessel wall area/vessel total area ratio (WA/TA) and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA). Low-temperature treatment increased plasma MDA concentration. When broilers were exposed to a cool environment for 3 weeks, plasma SOD and GSH-Px activity were decreased compared with normal-temperature chicks. RV/TV, WA/TA and mMTPA on d 42 were increased in birds exposed to cold, consistent with the increased pulmonary hypertension and ascites morbidity. Early feed restriction markedly decreased plasma MDA concentration. The plasma SOD and GSH-Px activity of feed-restricted birds were markedly higher than those fed ad libitum on d 35 and d 42. All early feed restriction treatments reduced ascites morbidity and total mortality. On d 42, the RV/TV, WA/TA and mMTPA of feed-restricted broilers were lower than that of the ad libitum-fed broilers. The results suggested that early feed restriction alleviated the lipid peroxidation, promoted the activity of enzymatic antioxidant and inhibited pulmonary vascular remodelling. These changes might be associated with reduced ascites incidence.     

生长早期不同能量、蛋白限饲水平对肉仔鸡补偿生长的影响

本试验研究肉仔鸡生长早期 (2～ 3周龄 )不同代谢能、蛋白质限饲水平对生产性能和胴体品质影响。结果表明 :(1 )早期低代谢能和低蛋白的限饲处理均可明显降低肉仔鸡生长速度 (P <0 .0 5) ,并在恢复阶段表现出完全补偿生长。 (2 )早期不同代谢能、蛋白限饲水平对饲料转化率没有影响 (P >0 .0 5)。 (3)早期不同代谢能、蛋白限饲水平均有提高胴体产量、胸肉和腿肉比例的趋势 (P >0 .0 5)。 (4)早期低代谢能限饲明显降低 42日龄腹脂重 (P <0 .0 5) ,低蛋白质限饲增加腹脂重 (P >0 .0 5)。     

Effect of Spray-Dried Plasma Form and Duration of Feeding on Broiler Performance During Natural Necrotic Enteritis Exposure

The effect of duration of feeding (continuous or discontinued after d 14) and form (granular vs. powder) of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on performance and mortality of broilers using used litter was evaluated with 240 Ross × Ross 308 male broilers (6 broilers per pen, 8 pens per treatment). Dietary treatments were control (no SDP) or SDP as powder or granular included in the pellet and fed continuously (d 0 to 35) or discontinued after d 14. During the experiment, broilers developed necrotic enteritis, and tissue cultures were positive for Escherichia coli and Salmonella, resulting in 50% mortality on control broilers. Addition of SDP to the feed improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency for each period of the study (d 0 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 35, and 0 to 35). Continuous feeding of SDP improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency from d 15 to 35 compared with broilers fed SDP to d 14. Liveability was improved (P < 0.05) in broilers consuming SDP either for 14 d or continuously throughout the experiment compared with control broilers. Spray-dried granular plasma was more effective than spray-dried powder plasma from d 0 to 14. The results of this experiment confirmed that SDP improved broiler growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, and minimized enteric challenge associated with necrotic enteritis with maximal protection afforded by continuous feeding. The response to SDP was independent of age of the broiler.     

The Effects of Nonstarch Polysaccharide Enzyme Addition and Dietary Energy Restriction on Performance and Carcass Quality of Organic Broiler Chickens

Feed constitutes a substantial cost in organic production. Organic poultry may have access to pasture, a nutrient source that has the potential to curtail feed costs. Past research has demonstrated that feed restriction will motivate broilers to forage. Incorporating a nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme may enable broilers to better utilize nutrients found in forage. The objective of this study was to examine ways to decrease feed costs by increasing forage intake through dietary energy dilution (7%) and increasing forage digestibility through the incorporation of an exogenous NSP enzyme. The experiment was conducted during the 3-to-8-wk growing phase in spring and summer months on broilers with and without access to pasture. Dietary energy dilution did not result in increased broiler forage intake. During the spring months, NSP enzyme inclusion enhanced performance only when broilers were given access to pasture. Feeding a low-energy diet with NSP enzyme did not enable broilers to overcome a 7% energy dilution. Decreasing energy and subsequent feed cost in organic broiler diets may be possible with energy dilutions less than 7%, depending on forage intake and quality.     

The effect of increasing photoperiod and food restriction in sexed broiler-type birds. I. Growth and abdominal fat cellularity.

1. Sexed broiler-type chicks were raised either under a continuous (CON) 23 h Light (L) and 1 h Dark (D) schedule or an increasing photoperiod (INC) consisting of an initial 6 h L and 18 h D which increased by 4 h L per week from 14 to 35 d of age after which a 23 L:1D was maintained to 49 d of age. 2. From 5 to 11 d of age birds were fed either: ad libitum (AL), energy intake (kJ ME) restricted to 9.414 x gBW0.67 (R1) or energy intake (kJ ME) restricted to 6.276 x gBW0.67 (R2). Food intake was ad libitum at all other times. 3. Food restriction reduced growth to 49 d of age although some compensatory growth did occur. Food efficiency was not significantly affected by restriction. 4. Although abdominal fat pad weight was significantly reduced for R2 compared to AL, this was not significant on a percentage body weight basis. 5. Adipocyte number in the abdominal fat pad was similar for AL, R1 and R2, but concomitant with a smaller fat pad weight, R2 showed reduced adipocyte volume compared to AL. 6. INC birds were lighter at 21 d of age, but body weights were equivalent to CON by 42 d of age. 7. Abdominal fat pad weight was some 10% larger at 49 d of age for INC birds. Adipocyte volume was unaffected, the increase in adipocyte being entirely caused by an increase in adipocyte number in INC birds.