雏鸡串珠镰刀菌素中毒的病理学研究

本试验用含用串珠镰刀菌素（７６．９８ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料）的饲料饲喂１０日龄雏鸡，可引起中毒和死亡，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性、血浆Ｎａ＾＋和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞值下降，血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、ＡＫＰ活性、丙酮酸、Ｋ＾＋值均升高，雏鸡生长发育迟缓。病理组织学表现为肺淤血、脑水肿、肝细胞和肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性和空泡变性，心脏严重受损，心肌以凝固性坏死为主，间质水肿，心肌超微结构以线粒体增生、肿胀、嵴断裂、减少，细胞核     

高碘日粮对蛋鸡生产性能,体内代谢和蛋品质的影响

日粮加碘６５ｐｐｍ饲喂蛋鸡，破壳率减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），饲料消耗降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），采食量、产蛋量和蛋重无明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），肝中ＧＯＴ和ＧＰＴ酶活性显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＡＫＰ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清中ＡＫＰ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ提高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），而肝中ＣＤＨ和ＣＫ，血清中ＬＤＨ，ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ和ＣＫ无显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ提高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），     

鸡缺锌对含硫氨基酸代谢的影响

选用２日龄雏鸡,用含锌量低（２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的基础饲料饲喂１周后,分为基础饲料组、基础饲料＋锌组、基础饲料＋含硫氨基酸（ＳＡＡ）组、基础饲料＋锌＋ＳＡＡ组,研究了鸡缺锌对ＳＡＡ代谢的影响。结果表明,鸡缺锌时,其体内ＳＡＡ同化作用减弱,异化作用增强,导致血清无机硫（ＳＯ２－４）、粪尿总硫及无机硫（ＳＯ２－４）极显著增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）;缺锌鸡增重、血清锌含量、血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,并表现较典型的临床缺锌症状。添加ＳＡＡ能促进鸡对锌的吸收和利用,使血清锌含量和血清ＡＫＰ活性提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

禽白血病／肉瘤病毒群特异性抗原P_（27）~（gag）的分离和纯化

本试验用差束离心和非线性蔗糖密度梯度离心法从感染雏鸡血浆中分离和提纯了禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒（ＡＭＶ）。并以ＳＤＳ法裂解病毒，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析ＡＭＶ结构蛋白成分，最后选用（ＬＫＢ）水平板式电泳系统，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ比较大量地分离提纯了Ｐｇａｇ２７。用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和琼脂扩散试验检验其抗原活性，并且用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其分子量和纯度。结果表明，提纯的病毒蛋白具有抗原活性，且达到电泳纯。     

青海藏羊血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省三角城种羊场和达日县的１９６份藏羊血样进行了血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究。结果发现：①在被检藏羊的血清运铁蛋白位点上共发现ＴＦ￣Ｉ，ＴＦ￣Ａ，ＴＦ￣Ｇ，ＴＦ￣Ｂ，ＴＦ￣Ｌ，ＴＦ￣Ｃ，ＴＦ￣Ｄ，ＴＦ￣Ｍ，ＴＦ￣Ｅ，ＴＦ￣Ｑ和ＴＦ￣Ｐ１１个等位基因，其中ＴＦＣ（０．３２４０），ＴＦ￣Ｂ（０．２６７９）和ＴＦ￣Ｄ（０．２１６８）为优势等位基因；②共发现ＴＦＩＥ，ＴＦＡＡ，ＴＦＡＢ，ＴＦＡＣ，ＴＦＡＤ，ＴＦＡＭ，ＴＦＧＢ，ＴＦＧＬ，ＴＦＧＣ，ＴＦＧＤ，ＴＦＢＢ，ＴＦＢＣ，ＴＦＢＤ，ＴＦＢＭ，ＴＦＬＣ，ＴＦＬＤ，ＴＦＬＥ，ＴＦＣＣ，ＴＦＣＤ，ＴＦＣＥ，ＴＦＣＱ，ＴＦＣＰ，ＴＦＤＤ，ＴＦＤＭ，ＴＦＤＥ和ＴＦＤＱ２６种基因型，其中ＴＦＢＣ（２０．４１％）、ＴＦＣＣ（１３．７８％）和ＴＦＢＤ（１１．７４％）为优势基因型。     

番鸭血浆酶活性及其与产肉性能关系的研究

以法国×本地二元杂交番鸭为研究对象，分析其宰前血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、Ａｋｐ、ｒ－ＧＴ、Ａｍｙ活性与７个产肉性状的表型相关。结果表明，ＧＯＴ活性与屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、瘦肉率，ＧＰＴ活性与胸肌率、瘦肉率，ｒ－ＧＴ活性与胸肌率、腹脂率均呈显著正相关；而Ａｍｙ活性与胸肌率呈显著的负相关。屠宰率与５种血浆酶活性的模型效应估计表明ＧＯＴ和Ａｍｙ活性对屠宰率的效应达显著水平。     

乐都驴血液生化参数测定

对青海省乐都县５１头驴的１３项血清（浆）生化参数进行测定，结果：总蛋白为７４．４±９．７ｇ／Ｌ，Ａ／Ｇ为Ｏ．９±０．２，总脂为２．５±０．６ｇ／Ｌ，胆固醇为２．５±０．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ￣＋为４．５±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｎａ￣＋为１３７±３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃａ￣（２＋）为２．３±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ￣（２＋）为１．６±０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，无机磷为２．０±０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＧＰＴ为８．４±６．４ＩＵ／Ｌ，ＧＯＴ为１１．６±９．７ＩＵ／Ｌ，血浆葡萄糖为５．６±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；上述参数在骟、母驴间无显著差异。     

山羊毛霉菌临床与病理学观察

以１０＾７个／ｍｌ微小根毛霉孢囊孢子悬液颈静脉接种２月龄山羊，每只５ｍｌ，每日１次，连续３日，经８８ｄ观察３／４只山羊死亡。病羊临床表现精神沉郁，消瘦，体温升高，腹泻，后肢瘫痪，白细胞总数及嗜中性白细胞成倍增加，全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性降低，Ｓ－ＧＯＴ、Ｓ－ＧＰＴ和ＡＫＰ活性升高，血清胆固醇值上升，但以上各项血液生化指标变化与对照羊相比差异不显著。病理变化为全身扩散性毛霉菌病，其典型病谱在肺脏，整个肺     

饲料锌水平对肉用仔鸡肝脏中含锌酶活性的影响

选择１０日ＡＡ肉用仔鸡３００只，随机分成６组，每组５０只。第一组为对照组，饲以含锌３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米～豆饼基础日粮，其它五组依次含锌６０、１１０１６０、２１０和２６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。至５０日龄时，测肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）的活性和肝组织中的含锌量。结果表明，在试验条件下，ＳＯＤ活性随饲料锌水平的提高基本不变，ＬＤＨ、ＡＫＰ、ＧＰＴ活性及锌含量随饲料锌水平的提高而提高。     

蛋鸡血液生化指标多辅助性状综合选择指数的研究

测定了１０周龄淮南麻黄母雏９项血液生化指标，估测其遗传力及其与产蛋量间的表型相关和遗传相关。结果表明，１０周龄血清β球蛋白百分含量、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）活性及３００日龄产蛋量遗传力分别为０．５３、０．５２、０．７８和０．１５。β球蛋白百分含量、ＡＫＰ和ＧＯＴ活性与３００日龄产蛋量间的遗传相关分别为０．６３９３、０．７７７０和０．９５４２。利用１０周龄血清β球蛋白百分含量、ＡＫ     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.