桂花在园林绿化及园林造景中的应用

桂花是一种生活中较为常见的木犀科木犀属植物,在我国的栽培历史已经超过了2500多年,本文首先阐述了桂花的生长习性,其次,分析了桂花造景及其在园林绿化中的应用;同时,深入探讨了桂花在园林造景中的配置,具有一定的参考价值。     

竹类植物在园林造景中的应用

竹类植物是园林造景中重要的观赏植物之一，我国竹类植物资源十分丰富，开发利用竹类植物资源对我国园林建设具有重要意义。分析了竹类植物在园林中的作用，初步探讨了它们在园林造景中应用原则、配置形式及应用情况。     

园林绿化植物造景及其植物配置

按照一定的规律设计植物栽植,使之形成特定的立体景观或平面图案,这是植物造景和配置的主要目的,其主要对象包括有桂花、灌木、草本植物、攀藤植物以及其他景观植物等。园林绿化植物造景与配置要求具备较高的艺术性和合理性,才能达到丰富园林意境、提升环境绿色质量和生态效益的目的。因此,详细分析了园林绿化植物造景及其植物配置,以期为提升园林景观的绿化效益提供有效参考。     

浅谈园林设计中的植物配置与植物造景

随着社会的进步发展,人们对园林设计的视觉效果有着越来越高的审美标准。基于此,本文研究园林设计中的植物配置与植物造景,在植物配置上提出三个观点,合理选择植物,遵循生态艺术性原则,遵循统一协调原则。在园林设计中的植物造景提出根据人们需求来设计园林造景,加强植物造景和园林风格结合,遵循美学原理,注重整体效果的观点,仅供参考借鉴。     

园林造景和植物配置探讨

园林造景中,植物色彩的相互影响,植物的四季不同都会多少影响园林造景的进程,适当应用植物的配置来进行相应的园林造景。     

彩叶植物的色彩美及其在园林造景中的应用

色彩美是园林景观的构成要素之一,彩叶植物的色彩应用是植物造景的关键所在。文章介绍彩叶植物与园林景观的关系、彩叶植物色彩美的内涵、彩叶植物色彩设计及配置原则;分析目前彩叶植物应用存在的问题及彩叶植物在园林造景中应用时应注意的问题。     

园林植物配置在园林绿化中的应用分析

园林建设者在园林绿化环节中需要运用各种各样的园林植物,使用园林植物的方法极为多样化,设计者可通过运用配置方法使植物呈现出不同的应用形式,如果可用植物的数量比较多,可利用植物资源来建设绿化景观,形成极具美观化特点的立体景观与平面图案。在园林造景环节中,需严格遵守基本的造景与植物配置原则,现结合园林绿化工作经验,提供配置园林植物的工作建议。     

探析植物配置与造景对大学校园的影响

大学校园植物配置与造景按照植物的生长习性和校园布局的要求,合理配置园林的各种植物,可以很好地发挥植物造景在校园的功能。不同植物有不同的特性,主要配置造景的植物有乔木、灌木、竹类、藤本、花草以及水生等植物,这就要求在植物造景时根据植物特性和功能进行合理配置,遵循植物造景原则和校园环境的文化特色进行结合,满足师生日常观赏需求,达到校园环境和谐统一。     

桂花在苏州园林景观中的造景

作为优良的园林树种,桂花以其独特的形、香、色、韵而深受人们的喜爱。本文以苏州为例,探讨了桂花在古典园林和现代园林中的植物造景。     

园林绿地中植物造景艺术的应用分析

在园林建设中,植物造景关系到整个园林景观的质量和美化程度,植物造景充分利用植物的自然生长特性体现一种和谐的绿色生态氛围,在园林绿地中被大量应用。本文通过对植物造景的特点进行分析,从而找到合理的方法进行造景配置,更好地发挥植物造景在园林绿地中的美化效果。     

浙江南部柑桔病毒病和类似病毒病鉴定

应用指示植物对采自浙南8个县(市、区)28个乡镇田间40个柑桔品种133份样品的带毒情况进行了检测。结果表明:浙南至少已发生4种柑桔病毒病或类似病毒病害。感染了碎叶病毒(TLV)的有8个品种,衰退病毒(CTV)18个品种,裂皮病类病毒(CEV)11个品种,黄龙病类细菌(CYS)2个品种。共计有27个品种感染1种或1种以上病毒类病害,其中感染3种的有2个品种,感染2种的有9个品种。     

Subirrigation vs drip-irrigation: Effects on yield and quality of soilless grown cherry tomato

Summary

This research was carried out with the aim of comparing drip-irrigation with the trough bench technique of growing a cherry tomato crop, in terms of i) pH and EC of the substrate, ii) production and quality of the fruits and iii) efficiency in the use of the water. In the latter system, pots of opaque plastic with different characteristics were also used: i) with six bottom holes for subirrigation and without risers on the bottom; ii) with four bottom holes and with 3 mm risers on the bottom; iii) with a furrow cross on the bottom and with eight holes and 3 mm risers. This last pot was also used for the drip-irrigation. With both the fertigation methods the EC of the substrate showed a similar pattern over time in the lower and middle layers (always below 3 dS m^–1), whereas in the upper layer of the substrate it increased during the growing cycle with higher values with subirrigation compared with drip-irrigation, reaching 7.7 and 3.4 dS m^–1, respectively. The pots without risers used for the subirrigation showed the highest variations and values of EC of the recirculating nutrient solution, and the pots with risers and four holes the lowest. Tomato yield was lower with subirrigation than with the traditional free drainage drip-irrigation technique, but the quality was higher (dry matter, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity). Furthermore, with subirrigation the most frequent size class of the fruits was that with a diameter between 25 and 35 mm (considered optimal for cherry tomato), while with the open cycle it was that greater than 35.mm. No significant differences emerged between the three pot types. The water efficiency of the system was greater with subirrigation than with drip-irrigation. To produce 1 kg of fruits, 41 l of nutrient solution were necessary with the subirrigation (closed system) and 59 l with the drip-irrigation (open system).     

Comparison of ECV-304 cells injured by the sera from patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM: To compare the cellular injury model of ECV-304 induced by the sera from patients with the same blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Studies were conducted in ECV-304 cell line, which was treated with different sera during growing, named as sera from patients with T2DM (with the sera from patients with BSS associated with T2DM), sera from patients with hypertension (with the sera from patients with BSS associated with hypertension) and control groups. The cell viability was measured by MTT colorimetry, and the morphological changes were identified by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The level of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in the cells was detected by nitric acid deoxidizing enzyme and non-balance method,respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to assay von Willabrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (sTM) and endothelial cell protein C (EPCR) content in the cell culture supernatants. Intracellular free calcium ( _i) and cytoskeleton of the model cells were measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). RESULTS: The cells were damaged when treated with 100 mL/L sera for 24h. Compared with the control group, the level of NO, vWF, sTM, EPCR and intracellular calcium concentration in the damaged cells markedly increase while cell viability and the level of ET significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the sera from patients with T2DM group, the excretion of NO and intracellular calcium concentration markedly increased while ET level, EPCR and cytoskeleton significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the cells induced by the sera from patients with hypertension. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the sera of patients with BSS associated with T2DM or hypertension reduce cell viability and the level of ET, increase the level of NO, vWF, sTM, EPCR and intracellular free calcium ( _i) and damage cell shape and cytoskeleton. The results also clearly show that the changes of ET, NO, EPCR, _i and cytoskeleton in the cells between the sera from patients with the same BSS syndrome associate with T2DM and hypertension, which may partially explain the pathophysiology mechanism of "different disease and identical syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine.     

不同中间砧苹果树光合速率比较研究

嫁接在同一基砧不同中间砧上的玫瑰红苹果树的光合速率有明显差异。叶幕形成期矮化性强的Ｍ９、Ｍ２６中间砧组光合速率高；叶幕形成后的不同时期，以Ｍ４、Ｚｉ和Ｍ７３种中间砧组光合速率较高，稳定性亦较好，Ｍ２６、ＭＭ１０６中间砧组光合速率最低．稳定性最差．各中间砧组合光合速率年周期变化动态趋势不同，Ｍ４、Ｍ９中间砧组９月下旬至１０月下旬为上升型，Ｍ２６、ＭＭ１０６中间砧组为下降型，Ｍ７、Ｚ１中间砧组为相对平稳型。各中间砧组光合速率差异与叶的发育状况及单株产量无关。利用Ｍ４、Ｚｉ、Ｍ７作中间砧是提高元帅系短枝型苹果树光合速率的一条栽培途径。     

Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and lipid metabolism in patients with cerebral infarction

AIM:To study the relationship between ApoE polymorphism and lipid metabolism of patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS:ApoE phenotype was determined in 110 patients with cerebral infarction and 60 normal controls by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. The TC, TG and HDL-C levels in serum of these subjects were measured with enzymes methods, ApoA I and ApoB levels with rocket immunoelectrophoresis methods, ApoE and Lp(a) levels with ELISA methods. RESULTS:The differences of the ApoE polymorphism distribution and ApoE allele frequencies (P＜0.05) occurred between two groups. The frequence of ApoE ε4 allele in patients with cerebral infarction was significantly higher than those in the normal controls (P＜0.05). However, ApoE 3/3 phenotypes was significantly lower (P＜0.05). Comparison of values of serum lipid with various ApoE phenotyoe among patients with cerebral infarction revealed that there was correlation between ApoE polymorphism and TC(P＜0.05), TG(P＜0.05), HDL-C(P＜0.05), LDL-C(P＜0.05), ApoA I(P＜0.05), ApoB(P＜0.05), ApoE(P＜0.05)and Lp(a)(P＜0.05). Patients carrying ε4 were associated with increased TC, LDL-C, ApoB and Lp(a), while those with ε2 were assiociated with decreased TC, LDL-C, and ApoB. Patients carrying ε2 were associated with increased TG, HDL-C, ApoAⅠ, and ApoE.CONCLUSIONS:ApoEε4 allele was associated with the development of cerebral infarction. ApoE polyphorphism affects lipid metabolism of cerebral infarction patients.     

CHOP expression and its correlation with proliferative/apoptotic ratio in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence under same genetic background

AIM：To investigate the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and its correlation with proliferative/apoptotic ratio (PAR) in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence under the same genetic background. ME-THODS: Four kinds of tissue samples under the same genetic background from 23 patients, including normal colorectal tissue, adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma samples, were collected. TUNEL method and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were applied to determine the PAR. The expression of CHOP was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC method. RESULTS：(1) Under the same genetic background, the level of CHOP expression is significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa. The level of CHOP expression was significantly higher in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa. The level of CHOP expression was significantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in normal mucosa. (2) Under the same genetic background, PAR was significantly higher in the colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa. PAR was significantly higher in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa. PAR was significantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the normal mucosa. (3) CHOP levels were positively correlated with PAR in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION：CHOP expression and PAR continuously increased and positively correlated along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenomas.     

采前除袋铺设反光膜对桃果实着色及相关基因#br# 表达的影响

 为探讨采前铺设反光膜对桃果实外观品质的影响及着色机制,以容易着色的晚熟桃品种‘霞 晖8 号’为试材,采收前12 d 除去外黄内黑双层袋,研究了不套袋不铺反光膜、除袋不铺反光膜和除袋 铺反光膜对果皮色泽、色素含量以及与果实着色相关的酶及其基因表达的影响。结果表明：除袋不铺反 光膜和除袋铺反光膜均能显著提高果实红绿色差值（a*）、红绿色差/黄蓝色差值（a*/b*）、色饱和度（C） 和果皮花色素苷含量,降低色调角（h）,除袋铺反光膜较除袋不铺反光膜处理花色素苷含量更高（P < 0.05）; 花色素苷合成相关基因UFGT 和CHS 在试验之初即上调表达,而DFR、LDOX 和F3H 则随试验的进行而 上调表达。此外,不套袋不铺反光膜处理的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性逐渐降低,而其他两个处理呈先 升高后下降趋势,且采前除袋铺反光膜较除袋不铺反光膜的处理活性更高。据此推测,除袋不铺反光膜 和除袋铺反光膜条件下果皮花色素苷的合成是多个基因协同调控作用的结果,尤以除袋铺反光膜处理促 进花色素苷积累的效果更明显。     

不同包装方式对1-MCP处理“富士”苹果保鲜效果的影响

以"富士"苹果为试材,研究了冷藏(0℃)条件下不同包装方式对1-MCP处理"富士"苹果采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:不同包装方式1-MCP都能降低贮藏期间果实的乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,能较好地保持果实硬度,保鲜效果均优于CK。且纸箱+内衬、衬内1-MCP熏蒸效果最好,纸箱+内衬、衬外1-MCP熏蒸和纸箱+内衬、衬内1-MCP熏蒸+外密闭2种包装方式效果次之。     

Expression of SR-A II and CD36 in white blood cells correlate with plasma AGEs levels and diabetic complications

AIM: To investigate the correlation of the expression of scavenger receptors SR-A II and CD36 in white blood cells (WBCs) with the plasma levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and different diabetic complications.METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 78 patients with diabetic complications. The levels of plasma AGEs were determined by using spectrofluorimetry. RNA in WBCs was extracted with Trizol reagent and the mRNA levels of SR-A II and CD36 were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In the patients tested, the mRNA level of SR-A Ⅱ was found to be the highest in those with diabetic nephropathy, and lowest in those with fatty liver. The expression of CD36 was found to be the highest in diabetic patients with fatty liver and lowest in those with coronary heart disease. The expression of both receptors in WBCs showed significantly higher levels in diabetic patients with hypertension, and lower in those with cataract. The plasma levels of AGEs negatively correlated with mRNA levels of CD36 (r=-0.89,P<0.01), while positively correlated with SR-A II mRNA levels (r=-0.82, P< 0.05).CONCLUSION: The increased plasma levels of AGEs may stimulate the expression of SR-A II in WBCs, and higher expression of SR-A Ⅱ and CD36 was significantly related to diabetic complications, nephropathy and fatty liver, respectively. However, low expression of CD36 in some diabetic patients with complications might be important causes for their high plasma AGEs levels.     

保水剂不同施用方法对甘蔗生长及产量的影响

用同一种保水剂,采取不同施用方法,探讨施保水剂与不施保水剂以及保水剂不同施用方法对甘蔗生长及产量的影响。试验前后经历3年,在2007年新植蔗施用保水剂,2008—2009年宿根蔗不再施用保水剂,结果表明,保水剂兑水处理：在新植蔗施用试验中获得极显著的增产效果,之后的两年宿根蔗试验仍增产显著。增产幅度表现逐年下降,增产效果随着施入土壤时间的延长而降低。保水剂干撒处理：3年的试验里表现出不同程度的减产。在施保水剂当年的新植蔗比对照略有减产,差异不明显;比保水剂兑水处理减产极显著。在后两年宿根蔗试验中,比对照减产明显,但差异不显著;比兑水处理减产显著。