野败籼型优质抗稻瘟病水稻不育系珍品A的选育

珍品A是用浙农986(浙农8010/中选16)与珍汕97A测交并逐代回交转育而成的野败籼型早熟水稻不育系。该不育系农艺性状稳定,株型较好,不育株率达100%,花粉败育率达99.97%,柱头外露率87.1%,其中双外露率56.5%,米质优,高抗稻瘟病,配合力较好。于2004年9月通过浙江省成果鉴定。     

优质籼稻不育系中浙A的选育及利用

中浙A是以印度引进的编号为PS-21的优质材料中选择的异形株与珍汕97A回交转育而成,其不育株率100%,不育度99.99%,12项品质指标中有8项达部颁一级优质米标准,3项达二级标准,2000年9月通过浙江省科技厅组织的技术鉴定.用该不育系配制的杂交稻组合,株型挺拔,剑叶挺直,优势明显,稻米品质得到明显改良.     

安徽育成中籼光(温)敏核不育系X07S并通过鉴定

安徽省宣城地区农科所用W61545与中籼2707杂交育成的中籼光(温)敏核不育系X07S,1993年8月18日通过安徽省科委技术鉴定. 该不育系育性稳定,起点温度低,综合农艺性状优良,据专家现场观察,8月9日始穗的1620株群体,不育株率为100%,农艺性状基本稳定,株型紧凑,青秀无病,每亩3万穴22.8万穗,平均每穗颖花151.7粒,柱头外露率达87.5%;8月7日前抽穗套袋的100穗18014朵颖花仅结实32粒,自交结实率为0.177%;镜检100个单穗的62469 粒花粉,只有3粒正常,花粉败育率达99.99%;且具有早、丰、优、抗(即早熟遗传力强、配制组合优势强,米质优、抗性好)等特点.19…     

优质籼型水稻不育系长丰A的选育

长丰A是福建省农科院水稻研究所用＂佳禾系统优质株系Y27/福伊B＂育成的保持系与福伊A转育而成的野败籼型三系不育系,于2004年通过福建省科技成果鉴定。该不育系不育性稳定,不育株率100%,花粉败育率达到99.98%,柱头外露率达82.88%,其中双边外露率为18.58%。叶鞘、稃尖、柱头紫色,籽粒细长,米质优,抗稻瘟病。     

香型糯稻光温敏核不育系荃香糯S的选育

荃香糯S是用光温敏核不育系新安S为母本,用常规香糯材料Y874为父本杂交后经多代选育而成的香型糯性光温敏核不育系2,009年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会组织的专家技术鉴定。该不育系不育期不育株率100%;在合肥地区,花粉败育以无花粉型为主,花粉不育度达99.99%。该不育系具有香味,米质为糯性,其它特征特性与亲本新安S相似,配合力强,株叶形态好,具有隐性浅褐色颖壳标记。     

甘蓝型油菜无花瓣品系雄蕊雌化不育系的发现和遗传研究

1998年在自选的甘蓝型无花瓣油菜株系中发现了一种突变不育株,进而育成无花瓣油菜突变不育系(简称AMS).经连续4年研究,结果表明:该雄性不育系不育性彻底,是一种雄性器官雌性化而引起的新的不育现象,其植株形态特征与无花瓣相同.用来自国内外不同品种(系)和胞质雄性不育系的保持系、恢复系及杂种F1共549份材料配制了779个杂交组合,全部恢复育性.2002和2003年收获的100个杂交组合有29份较对照(秦优7号杂交种)增产5.7%～23.5%,达显著水平.该突变不育株与可育株测交,后代不育和可育符合1:1的遗传分离模式,经对AMS测交、杂种自交,表明不育性很可能由4对隐性基因控制.     

湖南杂交水稻研究中心对自选的三个不育系作出鉴定

1990年8月 24-25日及9月6日由袁隆平主任组织本中心14名中、青年育种家及管理人员,对该中心选育的两个光敏核不育 系培矮64s、 CY8526s及一个三系不育系Ⅱ-32A进行了鉴定。 培矮64s是副研究员罗孝和等同志于1985年用带光敏核不育基因的农垦58原始株与带广亲和基因的培矮64杂交,经隔代回交选育而成。经田间1150株群体鉴定,农艺性状整齐一致,不育株率为100%,不育度经镜检795杂颖花,正常花粉率为0.008%,染败花粉率为0.078%,典败花粉率为99.8345%,检查套袋250穗,自交结实率为0。该不育系稳定不育期在一个月以上,可育期自交结实率在30%以上,异…     

高柱头外露率优质粳稻不育系163A的选育与应用

163A是毕节市农业科学研究所以BT型不育系BJ-1A为母本、毕粳43/BJ-1B选系中优良单株作父本杂交,后通过多代回交转育而成的粳稻不育系。该不育系不育性稳定,不育株率100%,套袋自交不育度99.979%,开花和异交性好,柱头自然外露率高达75.5%,稻米品质优。2017年4月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会办公室组织的技术鉴定。该不育系配合力高,所配组合黔粳优57(163A/NR210)和黔粳优2号(163A/黔粳恢2号)分别于2017年7月和2018年7月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质籼稻不育系双青A的选育及利用

双青A是用通过人工制保获得的保持系64B(梅青B×协青早B)与K17A回交转育成的K型优质籼稻不育系,其不育株率100%,花粉不育度99.97%,株型好,配合力强,米质达国标优质稻谷3级标准,2004年5月通过广东省科技厅组织的技术鉴定。用该不育系配制的优质杂交水稻组合双优8802于2005年3月通过了广东省品种审定。     

棉花三系配套的选育初报

自2000年以来,笔者对三系配套的选育进行了深入的研究,经5年7季的南繁北育,成功地选育出稳定的抗虫不育系,不育度和不育率均达100%,并且保持系及恢复系也成功育出,经两年南、北方棉区多点试验,恢复率达100%,实现了三系配套。1保持系的选育1.1发现不育株。2000年收集了国内多个抗虫杂交棉新品系(种),进行新品种比较试验。7月中旬,在调查棉花开花期时,在HD01的新品系里偶然发现1株不育株,把该不育系取名为“中抗B”经过7天的连续观察,不育株花的柱头发育正常,花丝较短,无花粉颗粒,植株生长稳健。于是,选用了3个抗病、丰产的常规抗虫棉做父本…     

SILAGE AND MILK PRODUCTION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN A DIPLOID AND A TETRAPLOID RYEGRASS

Two grass silages made in May and two made in August were compared in a 16-week winter-feediag experiment with 12 Ayrshire cows. The silages were fed ad lib. with a supplement of barley and groundnut cake. One of the silages made ia May and one made in August consisted of S24, a diploid variety of perennial ryegrass, and the other two of Reveille, a tetraploid variety of the same species. The silages made from Reveille had a higher content of lactic acid and a lower pH than those made from S24. The contents of digestihie organic matter in the silage DM made in May and August were 71.9 and 63.2%, respectively, for RevelUe and 68.7 and 60.9% for S24. Silage and total DM intakes were higher in the treatments where Reveille silages rather than S24 silages were fed. The mean daily milk yields from cows fed on the silages made in May and August were 39.6 and 34.5 lb (18.0 and 15.7 kg), respectively, for Reveille, and 38.0 and 34.1 lb (17.3 and 15.5 kg) for S24. The solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) and the crude protein contents of the milk averaged 8.64 and 3.29%, respectively, for Reveille, and 8.56 and 3.22% for S24. It is concluded (hat the silages made from Reveille were superior to those made from S24 as a feed for dairy cows.     

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE GRASS-DRYING ENTERPRISE

A linear programming model of a high-temperature grass-drying enterprise is described. From information about seasonal crop response, area of crop available and management constraints, the model determines the harvesting schedules which give greatest returns, less costs, from the enterprise over the season. This information can be used to examine the effects of long-term strategic decisions or to evaluate economically data on new crops from field experiments. For example, assuming a fixed cost of λ70,000/year for a high-temperature grass-drying installation and what is considered to be reliable input data for 1972, the returns less costs for optimum harvest schedules from different areas or crop varieties are:

A MANAGEMENT STUDY OF A BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL STRAIN TRIAL

A study of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) variety trial management was conducted with three variables, variety, stubble height and harvest date. The range in maturity for the three varieties used was 12-14 days. All plots were harvested thrice per season. The harvest dates for the two management regimes imposed differed by about two weeks for the first cut, by about one week for the second and were identical for the third cut. Stubble heights were two and six inches (5.08 and 15.24 cm).
Late-cut material outyielded that cut early, but suffered more winter damage. Material cut at a stubble height of two inches (5.08 cm) outyielded that cut at six inches (15.24 cm), but it also suffered more winter-killing. The ranking of varieties varied with management.
Alternative management schemes, designed to provide maximum yields and survival consistent with good-quality forage, are proposed and discussed.     

Development of A dormancy release technology: A review

Tuber dormancy can be released immediately in many commercially important potato cultivars by brief treatment (1-2 days) with bromoethane (BE) vapor at room temperature. The development of a large scale technology for BE application and safe removal through a capturing technique is necessary for successful application of this dormancy release method. Ideally, BE treatment of seed tubers would occur in a closed environment that would capture BE vapor in an unaltered form and allow controlled release for treatment of subsequent tuber lots. Results of screening studies for adsorbents indicate that the medium capacity activated carbon adsorbent, YAO has: i) a high capacity for BE; ii) a low capacity for water; and, iii) adsorbs and de-adsorbs BE quickly and easily. A plausible design of a large scale, dormancy release facility is presented. The proposed facility should meet present goals of the seed potato industry in an environmentally responsible manner.     

A COMPARISON BETWEEN A PADDOCK SYSTEM AND A 'WYE COLLEGE' SYSTEM OF GRAZING FOR MILK PRODUCTION

Two grazing systems, a paddock system and a ‘Wye College’ system, were compared in two 20-week experiments nsing 16 and 20 spring-calved Ayrshire cows in 1970 and 1971, respectively. A sward of S23 perennial ryegrass was used, and an average of 342 kg N/ha (305 lb N/ ac) was applied per annum. The paddock system had 28 separate paddocks; one paddock was grazed each day in rotation and occasionally topped in mid-season. The Wye College system had 4 plots of equal size and the cows were offered 1/7 of one plot each day; no back fence was used and surplus herbage was neither cut nor topped. The stocking rate on hoth systems was 1 cow per 0.20 ha (0.49 ac) in 1970 and per 0.16 ha (0.40 ac) in 1971. The mean daily milk yields per cow on the paddock and the Wye College systems were 16.2 and 15.3 kg (35.7 and 33.7 lb), respectively, in 1970; and 18.1 and 18.4 kg (39.9 and 40.6 lb) in 1971. The average annual output of milk was 13,500 and 13,150 kg/ha (1200 and 1170 gal/ac) on the paddock and Wye College systems, respectively. The fat and solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) contents of the milk were not significantly affected by the grazing system. It is concluded that the Wye College system was as effective as the paddock system in producing a high output of mUk per ha, but at a lower cost and with far fewer management decisions.