番茄黄化曲叶病毒病暴发原因分析及防控对策

<正>番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)为双生病毒科(Geminniviridae)菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员[1]。该类病毒通过B型烟粉虱和Q型烟粉虱进行传播,同时可经嫁     

棉花皱叶病毒分子检测方法

棉花皱叶病毒(Cotton leaf crumple virus,CLCrV)是典型的双生病毒,含A和B两个组分。根据B组分的保守序列设计的一对普通PCR引物,得到约为636 bp的片段,实验结果显示能特异性地扩增CLCrV B组分,棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl virus,CLCuV)、非洲木薯花叶病毒(African cassava mosaec vi-rus,ACMV)、花椰菜花叶病毒(Cauliflower mosaic virus,CaMV)及番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)不干扰普通RCR方法对CLCrV的检测。设计的实时荧光PCR引物和探针也能特异性地检测棉花皱叶病毒,而CLCuV、ACMV和TYLCV不影响实时荧光PCR对CLCrV的检测。     

南疆温室番茄黄化曲叶病病毒种类的分子鉴定

为明确南疆温室番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类,利用双生病毒的兼并引物通过PCR扩增,对采集的20个番茄病株进行了分子检测.从20个病株中均扩增到约500 bp的目标片段,对其中4株进行克隆和测序,其相互间序列同源性为97.1％ ～99.3％,与番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的同源性较高,为98.6％ ～ 99.5％.随机选取莎车分离物KS2-5进行全基因组的克隆和测序,KS2-5 DNA全长为2781 nt(序列号:JQ807735),具有典型的双生病毒基因组特征,与TYLCV其它分离物同源性达到98.9％～99.5％,而与其它粉虱传双生病毒的序列同源性较低,为68.3％ ～75.5％,表明危害南疆温室番茄的病毒种类为番茄黄化曲叶病毒TYLCV.     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒的鉴定与群体进化分析

番茄黄化曲叶病(tomato yellow leaf curl disease,TYLCD)是番茄上的重要病害,可由多种双生病毒引起。为了明确北京地区番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类和病毒基因组变异情况,本研究收集了51个采自北京不同区县的病毒疑似样品,进行了双生病毒的检测及分离物的基因组分析。经双生病毒简并引物检测25个样品呈阳性;扩增获得10个代表性分离物的全基因组,大小均为2 781bp,共含有6个开放阅读框;经比对,10个分离物与Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel(TYLCV-IL)同源率大于99%;基于我国TYLCV分离物全基因组序列的变异分析表明,TYLCV在进化上比较保守,整个基因组上的变异是不均匀的;系统发育树显示我国TYLCV分离物在进化树上可分为3个组群,分析了我国TYLCV群体进化情况。     

不同番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗病性鉴定

为评估生产上常用番茄栽培品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的抗性水平,采用田间大棚自然传毒的方式,通过对各品种的发病时间、发病率及病情指数等参数的比较,结合PCR及ELISA对TYLCV的检测结果,综合分析了20个番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗病性。不同品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒的抗性差异较大,试验筛选出仙客6号和金棚1号2份感病材料,发病率和病情指数在90%和60.9以上;佳红8号、10-秋展47和红罗曼2号3份高抗材料,发病率和病情指数均为0;其它表现不同程度抗、耐病水平的材料15份,发病率和病情指数分别在10.0%～85.0%和1.0～40.6之间。     

侵染甜椒的番茄黄化曲叶病毒的分子鉴定和全序列分析

<正>番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)在世界范围内可危害多种作物,造成植株矮化、叶片皱缩变形、局部黄化等症状。该病毒自1964年首次报道以来已蔓延至世界多地。在我国2006年上海首次报道该病毒[1],随后江苏、山东、安徽、北京、河北、天津等地相继报道,危害严重。TYLCV为双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员,基因组为单组     

河北省番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的分子鉴定初报

双生病毒是一类具有孪生颗粒形态的植物单链病毒,目前双生病毒病害已在多个国家和地区的作物上造成严重危害。近年来,我国多省报道作物上有这类病毒的发生,且有逐年加重和扩散的趋势。根据危害番茄的双生病毒DNA A序列保守区设计简并引物,对2009年4月采自河北省魏县表现叶片黄化、曲叶症状的4个番茄样品进行PCR检测,均为双生病毒阳性,对样品的扩增片断进行了克隆测序,经序列比对分析,与番茄黄化曲叶病毒（Tomato leaf curl virus,TYLCV）山东分离物（FJ646611.1）序列相似性为99.25%~99.55%,说明河北番茄黄化曲叶病由TYLCV引起。     

烟粉虱传播的番茄褪绿病毒和番茄黄化曲叶病毒对不同番茄品种的复合侵染

为明确烟粉虱传播的番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)与番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)对不同番茄品种的复合侵染情况,于2015年11月在山东省寿光市温室内采集13个番茄品种共390份疑似发病植株叶片,对不同番茄品种的TYLCV抗性和2种病毒的复合侵染以及温室内发病番茄植株上烟粉虱成虫的带毒率进行检测。结果表明,采集的13个番茄品种经分子标记检测鉴定均为TYLCV杂合抗性;不同番茄品种ToCV与TYLCV的复合侵染率存在明显差异,大果番茄粉宴和贝瑞上复合侵染率最高可达73.3%,而樱桃番茄八喜上未检测到这2种病毒的复合侵染。此外,在发病番茄植株上采集的烟粉虱成虫体内可检测到2种病毒,其中烟粉虱ToCV带毒率为90.7%,TYLCV带毒率为80.0%,同时检测到ToCV与TYLCV的概率为71.3%。表明ToCV和TYLCV的复合侵染在山东省番茄生产中普遍发生,烟粉虱可同时携带这2种病毒并广泛传播。     

关中地区温室越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病分子鉴定及流行规律

为了明确关中地区越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生和流行规律,通过分析该病发生与番茄品种、定植期及传播介体烟粉虱之间的关系,并采用PCR技术对田间病原进行分子鉴定。结果表明,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在8月中下旬至11月上中旬开始侵染,翌年3月中下旬发生再侵染,秋季病情减轻;烟粉虱种群数量与病害发生程度呈线性正相关;不同番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的抗性差异显著,其中大番茄品种布鲁尼1288和DRW7728,小番茄品种千禧和美红对该病表现为免疫;分子检测结果表明,4个样品中均扩增出543 bp的特异片段,与NCBI数据库Gen Bank的TYLCV序列(登录号为GU084381、KC138544.1、KC138543.1和JX456642.1)的相似性达99%。研究表明,关中地区番茄病毒病为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,番茄品种、定植期及烟粉虱发生动态是影响该病发生的主要因素。     

河北省番茄黄化曲叶病毒和番茄褪绿病毒复合侵染及分布

 番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 及番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV)是危害番茄的主要病毒。2016~2017年,在河北省18个番茄主产区调查番茄病毒病危害情况,采集262份植株矮化、叶片黄化、褪绿、卷曲的番茄样品,利用分子生物学技术对病原进行鉴定。结果表明:2016~2017年河北省番茄病毒病发生普遍,所检样品中TYLCV的侵染率为68.66%,其中与ToCV复合侵染率为19.5%;除栾城、滦南、乐亭、永年4地样品暂未检测到ToCV外,其他14个采样点的样品均检测到ToCV,侵染率为19.5%,且全部表现为与TYLCV复合侵染,河北省番茄主产区暂未发现ToCV单独侵染的样品。     

侵染新疆加工番茄的中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒 DNA-A的基因组特征

 从新疆加工番茄上分离到病毒分离物XJ26-4,对其基因组DNA-A 全序列测定表明,XJ26-4 DNA-A 全长2 737 个核苷酸(GenBank 登录号:FN985163),具有典型的双生病毒基因组特征。进一步序列比较发现,XJ26-4 DNA-A 与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)各分离物的同源性最高,达到91. 2% ~ 99. 5% ,而与其他双生病毒的序列相似性均在79. 5% 以下,表明XJ26-4 是TYLCCNV 的一个分离物。这是首次明确新疆加工番茄受到粉虱传双生病毒的侵染。     

A new approach to evaluate relative resistance and tolerance of tomato cultivars to begomoviruses causing the tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Spain

A simple procedure to evaluate relative resistance and tolerance of tomato cultivars to the begomoviruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) disease in Spain was developed. To estimate the resistance and tolerance levels of a cultivar, several formulae were developed based on the ratio of infected plants, virus titre (estimated by tissue–print hybridization) and symptom intensity. The formulae were applied to five commercial tomato cultivars (Amoretto, Birloque, Royesta, Tovigreen and Ulises) naturally infected by TYLC viruses. The analyses showed that Ulises, Birloque and Tovigreen exhibited a moderate resistance, and Ulises was also highly tolerant. There was a positive correlation between symptom intensity and virus titre in infected plants, suggesting that the hybridization technique could also be used as an early estimator of tolerance. Finally, molecular hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses of the begomovirus intergenic region showed that the local TYLC virus population consisted of a single species, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, formerly TYLCV-Israel), with low genetic variation (nucleotide identity between isolates higher than 97%).     

Occurrence of a new recombinant begomovirus species infecting tomato in the Al‐Batinah region of Oman

Whitefly‐transmitted begomoviruses are the most important limiting factor for tomato cultivation in Oman, particularly in the Al‐Batinah region, the major agricultural area of the country. Commercial farms in the Al‐Batinah region were surveyed during January–March 2013. Samples of tomato showing leaf curl disease symptoms typical of begomoviruses were collected and analysed. Full‐length sequences of five clones were shown to have relatively low percentage identity values to known begomoviruses, with the highest (88·6%) to isolates of Tomato leaf curl Oman virus (ToLCOMV), a begomovirus previously reported in Oman, indicating that these represent a newly identified species, for which the name Tomato leaf curl Barka virus (ToLCBrV) is proposed. Four isolates of ToLCBrV were found associated with Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB). The five isolates of ToLCBrV characterized in this study were shown to be recombinants, with ToLCOMV as the major parent, and a fragment of Croton yellow vein virus (CrYVV) spanning the 3′ half of the replication‐associated protein. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

Resistance to Monopartite Begomoviruses Associated with the Bean Leaf Crumple Disease in Phaseolus vulgaris Controlled by a Single Dominant Gene

ABSTRACT Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Málaga virus are monopartite begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that infect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), causing bean leaf crumple disease (BLCD). This disease was found to be widespread in southern Spain and causes stunted growth, flower abortion, and leaf and pod deformation in common bean plants. Commercial yield losses of up to 100% occur. In the present study, we have identified and characterized a resistance trait to BLCD-associated viruses in the common bean breeding line GG12. This resistance resulted in a complete absence of BLCD symptoms under field conditions or after experimental inoculation. Our analysis showed that virus replication was not inhibited. However, a severe restriction to systemic virus accumulation occurred in resistant plants, suggesting that cell-to-cell or long-distance movement were impaired. In addition, recovery from virus infection was observed in resistant plants. The reaction of P. vulgaris lines GG12 (resistant) and GG14 (susceptible), and of F(1), F(2), and backcross populations derived from them, to TYLCV inoculation suggested that a single dominant gene conferred the BLCD resistance described here.     

云南凹头苋上分离到的2种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒基因组结构特征

菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)病毒是热带亚热带地区多种作物的重要病原,杂草作为该属病毒的中间寄主在病害发生流行中具有重要作用。本研究通过克隆、测序和生物信息学分析,对3株具有曲叶症状的凹头苋(Amaranthus lividus)进行菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的分离分析。从这些凹头苋中共分离到2种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒和3种beta卫星。序列分析显示,其中一种病毒与云南番茄黄化曲叶病毒相似性最高(96%),另一种与中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒相似性最高(96.5%或91%)。Beta卫星的分析显示,其中一种与云南番茄黄化曲叶beta卫星相似性最高(94.3%),另一种与赛葵曲叶beta卫星相似性最高(92%),最后一种与中国番茄曲叶beta卫星相似性最高(91%)。重组分析表明,分离物YN4331-69是一个重组病毒,是由中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒YN4326-60和一个尚未发现的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒重组形成。这是首次报道凹头苋被不同的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒及其伴随的beta卫星侵染,表明凹头苋是一个适宜该属病毒的中间寄主。     

Phenotypic expression, stability, and inheritance of a recessive resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato

Tomato-infecting begomoviruses comprise a complex of monopartite and bipartite virus species that cause severe yield and quality losses worldwide. Therefore, the availability of wide spectrum resistance for begomovirus control is desirable. However, limited sources of resistance are available. In this study, three tomato inbred lines with resistance to bipartite begomoviruses of Brazil were tested for resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Stable resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus was observed either by inoculation with Bemisia tabaci or with Agrobacterium tumefaciens using an infectious clone. The resistance resulted in a complete absence of TYLCD symptoms and restricted virus accumulation. Further studies performed with the line '468-1-1-12' indicated that the resistance was also effective against three other virus species associated with TYLCD, indicating wide spectrum resistance of this source. Quantitative genetics analyses suggested that a major recessive locus with epistatic interactions is controlling the resistance to TYLCD in '468-1-1-12', which could facilitate introgression of this trait into elite tomato lines. The resistance was stable under field conditions with high TYLCD pressure. Mild symptoms could be observed in these conditions, and recovery from disease and from virus infection suggested an active host antiviral defense mechanism. The differential reaction of '468-1-1-12' against a number of TYLCD-associated viruses and artificial chimeras between them allowed to identify a region of the virus genome that presumably contains a virus determinant for breaking the resistance to infection observed in '468-1-1-12'.     

Tomato leaf curl Guangxi virus is a distinct monopartite begomovirus species

Three begomovirus isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Guangxi province of China. Typical begomovirus DNA components representing the three isolates (GX-1, GX-2 and GX-3) were cloned and their full-length sequences were determined to be 2752 nucleotides. Nucleotide identities among the three viral sequences were 98.9–99.7%, but all shared <86.7% nucleotide sequence identity with other reported begomoviruses. The sequence data indicated that GX-1, GX-2 and GX-3 are isolates of a distinct begomovirus species for which the name Tomato leaf curl Guangxi virus (ToLCGXV) is proposed. Further analysis indicated that ToLCGXV probably originated through recombination among viruses related to Ageratum yellow vein virus, Tomato leaf curl China virus and Euphorbia leaf curl virus. PCR and Southern blot analyses demonstrated that isolates GX-1 and GX-2 were associated with DNAβ components, but not isolate GX-3. Sequence comparisons revealed that GX-1 and GX-2 DNAβ components shared the highest sequence identity (86.2%) with that of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV). An infectious construct of ToLCGXV isolate GX-1 (ToLCGXV-GX) was produced and determined to be highly infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, tobacco cvs. Samsun and Xanthi, tomato and Petunia hybrida plants inducing leaf curl and stunting symptoms. Co-inoculation of tomato plants with ToLCGXV-GX and TYLCCNV DNAβ resulted in disease symptoms similar to that caused by ToLCGXV-GX alone or that observed in infected field tomato plants.     

The Natural Occurrence of Two Distinct Begomoviruses Associated with DNAbeta and a Recombinant DNA in a Tomato Plant from Indonesia

ABSTRACT Two begomoviruses (Java virus-1 and Java virus-2), two satellite DNAs (DNAbeta01 and DNAbeta02), and a recombinant DNA (recDNA) were cloned from a single tomato plant from Indonesia with leaf curl symptoms, and the role of these satellite DNAs in the etiology of begomovirus disease was investigated. The genome organizations of the two viruses were similar to those of other Old World monopartite begomoviruses. Comparison of the sequences with other begomoviruses revealed that Java virus-1 was a newly described virus for which the name Tomato leaf curl Java virus (ToLCJAV) is proposed. Java virus-2 was a strain of Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) (AYVV-[Java]). ToLCJAV or AYVV-[Java] alone did not induce leaf curl symptoms in tomato plants. However, in the presence of DNAbeta02, both ToLCJAV and AYVV-[Java] induced leaf curl symptoms in tomato plants. In the presence of DNAbeta01, these viruses induced mild leaf curl symptoms in tomato plants. The recDNA had a chimeric sequence, which arose from recombination among ToLCJAV, AYVV-[Java], DNAbeta01, and DNAbeta02; it was replicated only in the presence of AYVV-[Java] in tomato plants.     

北京地区番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的鉴定及防治对策

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病是一种由烟粉虱传播的病毒病,给番茄生产造成严重威胁。2009年在北京郊区调查时发现部分保护地种植的番茄植株表现典型黄化曲叶症状。通过提取典型症状样品总DNA利用粉虱传双生病毒检测简并引物PA/PB,进行PCR扩增到541bp的特异条带。通过测序和核苷酸序列比对表明该序列与番茄黄化曲叶病毒序列相似性最高为99%。分子检测结果表明北京郊区部分保护地种植的番茄已被烟粉虱传播的番茄黄化曲叶病毒侵染危害。     

Genetic diversity and mixed infections of begomoviruses infecting tomato, pepper and cucurbit crops in Nicaragua

Begomoviruses were detected in Nicaraguan fields of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and adjacently growing plants of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), chilli pepper ( C . baccatum ), cushaw ( Cucurbita argyrosperma ) and Mexican fireplant ( Euphorbia heterophylla ) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and universal begomovirus primers. All tomato and Mexican fireplant plants showing symptoms were infected with begomoviruses, while only 30–46% of the pepper, chilli pepper and cushaw plants showing symptoms tested virus-positive. No begomoviruses were found in potato. The virus species were provisionally identified by sequencing 533 bp of the viral coat protein gene ( AV1 ). Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus (ToLCSinV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were found to infect both tomato and pepper. A new provisional species designated Tomato leaf curl Las Playitas virus (ToLCLPV) was detected in a tomato plant. Squash yellow mottle virus (SYMoV) and PepGMV were found in cucurbits, the latter for the first time in this host. Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV) was detected in Mexican fireplant. Sequencing of a larger number of PCR-amplified clones from selected plants revealed intraspecific viral sequence variability, and also multiple begomovirus infections which could represent up to three species in a single tomato or cushaw plant. Phylogenetic grouping of virus sequences did not correlate with the host of origin.