水力停留时间对人工湿地运行的影响

通过室内模拟水平潜流式人工湿地和水平均匀布水方式观察人工湿地出水水质,设置了4 个实验方案,分析其对COD、TN和TP 的去除效果,以确定最佳水力停留时间。结果表明：水力停留时间为3 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是54.04%、65.83%和80.79%;当水力停留时间为2 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是75.93%、74.97%和77.34%;当水力停留时间为1 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是73.19%、56.20%和73.36%;当水力停留时间为0.5 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP 的平均去除率分别是46.46%、34.91%和47.04%。若只关注人工湿地出水水质,采用水力停留时间为2天时,可以保证其出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)》Ⅴ类标准。     

A Study of Residential Grey Water Treated by Subsurface Horizontal Constructed Wetland

Ceramsite and natural zeolite were used as mixed substrates in subsurface horizontal constructed wetland which is planted with Yellow flag to investigate the treatment efficiency of real residential grey water, Inflow rate was 50l/d, HRT was 2d. The wetland reduced COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and turbidity from 164mg/l,4.3mg/l,5.2mg/l,0.44mg/l,82.4NTU to 70 mg/l, 1.07 mg/l, 2.07 mg/l, 0.33 mg/l, 7.27NTU, removal efficiency was respectively 57.32%,75.19%,60.26%,24.24%,91.18%,and have a good performance in COD,NH3-N,TN, turbidity treatment. Used synthetic grey water to study different HRT effect of wetland. Increasing HRT could be increase the wetland ability of COD, NH3-N removal. When the HRT was 3d, the wetland had the best decontamination effect. The removal efficiency of COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,turbidity was respectively 68.46%,81.75%,66.67%,34%,86.91%.     

Effects of Purification Highly Salty Reuse Water Quality by Three Plants in TEDA Landscape River

The effects of purification highly salty reuse water quality are studied by three plants-scirpus tabemaemontanii Gmel, Typha and Canna indica Linn in Tianjin-Economic and Technology Development Area Landscape River. The resuits show that hydraulic retention time has obviously influence on the effects of purification highly salty reuse water quality. Moreover, removal rates of all kinds of contamination vary with HRT, such as removal rate of COD, TN, NH3 - N, NO3-N, TP, PO4-P is 14.47 % -45.09% 25.50% -71.00% ,39.96% -82.47 %, 27.21% -74.41%, 38.91% -90.01%, 38.55% -92.01% respectively. Both the three plants grow and effects of purification of the highly salty reuse water treatment systems operate very well while concentration of TDS is about 4 500 mg/L in the water; pH of effluent water plants is lower than influent. Removal rates of Phosphorus by Scirpus tabernaemontanii Gmel and Typha are higher than its by Canna indica Linn when the HRT is sameness. The reason that Scirpus tabernaemontanii Gmel and Typha are planted with wetland while Canna indica Linn grows in water, at the same time phosphorus is removed from water because of the function of soil adsorption and so on. The rates of removal contaminations else are invariable by the three plants.     

Reduction of Urban Green Space on Stormwater Runoff Pollutant

In order to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of urban green space on regulating urban rainfall-runoff pollution, the simulated test of soil column was adopted to study the effects of vegetation cover, runoff pollution concentration, soil depth and groundwater, and hydraulic loading rate and residence time on reducing the pollutants by green space. The results indicate that green space has a good and stable ability to reduce three stormwater runoff pollution concentrations, which COD are 68, 137 and 550 mg/L, TN are 3.01, 7.51 and 30.06 mg/L, TP are 0.29, 0.69 and 2.73 mg/L, and NH+4 are 0.44, 1.61 and 2.19 mg/L respectively, with 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 cm/h hydraulic loading rate respectively and continuous inflow 1h. The pollution reduction rates of COD, TN, TP and NH+4 by green space reach to 41.52%, 78.96% and 84.68%, 50.21%, 70.23% and 60.91%, 73.18%, 95.88% and 94.99%, and 62.72%, 55.16% and 69.98% respectively. Restricted by the soil reaeration capacity and hydraulic retention time, the effect of vegetation cover on pollution reduction rates of COD and TN is not significant. With the rainfall-runoff pollution concentration increased, the pollutant reduction rate of green space shows a gradually increasing trend. The reduction of green space on the stormwater runoff pollution mainly occurs in the soil depth of 35~65 cm. The reduction rate of each pollutant for the low, medium and high pollution concentration level decrease with the hydraulic loading rate increased.     

Test Analysis of Ecosystem on Functional Groups of Microorganism in Spiral Up- flow Reactor System

The test of functional groups of microorganisms in Spiral Up-flow Reactor System and the correlation between microorganisms in the water and the main environmental factors are studied.The results show that the diversity of microorganisms population in the SUFR system is complex and the bio-community formed in the SUFR system is stable.The close relations between abundance of bacteria and nutrients are found.The correlation between heterotrophic bacteria and COD is 0.949.The correlation between organic phosphate bacteria and TP is 0.815. The correlation between nitrosobacteria and NH_3-N is 0.909. The correlation between disnitrifier bacteria and TN is 0.653.     

Reaction Kinetics of Three Types of Constructed Wetland for Advanced Domestic Wastewater Treatment

The removal efficiencies of different pollutants in subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFW), surface flow constructed wetland (SFW) and combination flow constructed wetland(CFW) treating sewage plant effluent were comparatively analysed. The results were analyzed by using a reaction kinetics model. It is shown that COD, TN, TP are more effectively removed in SSFW than in other two types of wetland, and the kinetic constants are 0.29, 0.20, 0.28 m/d respectively. The SFW has higher removal rate on ammonia and the kinetic constant is 0.12 m/d. Temperature change greatly affects the kinetic constants of ammonia and total nitrogen removal reaction, whilst the influence on COD and TP are not significant. The pollutants removal efficiencies decrease greatly with the increase of hydraulic loading and areal loading. The increment of areal removal mass is reduced with the increase of areal loading in three types of wetland. It is strongly recommended that the constructed wetland be operated on low pollutants loading condition.     

Influence of Shock Loading on the Operating Performance of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Wastewater from a slaughtering house was treated by an anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR). The effects of variable loads on the operating performance of the ABR were studied. The results show that the ABR was very stable with respect to shock loading due to its special structure. The change in COD removal efficiency was less than 5% when the influent COD concentration was kept between 2 500~3 000 mg/L and the HRT decreased from 27.5h to15h. When HRT was kept for 20h and the influent COD concentration increased from 2 500 mg/L to 4 800 mg/L, COD removal efficiency only decreased by 69% the second day after the load change.     

北京翠湖人工湿地污水净化的效果分析

通过在北京翠湖构建人工湿地来处理污染水体,研究该人工湿地对pH、浊度、CODcr、TN、TP的去除作用。从人工湿地对污染物的去除效果来看,浊度、CODcr、TN和TP运行3月的平均去除率分别为42.659%、7.161%、25.583%和24.662%。结果表明,翠湖人工湿地处理的水体中pH随时间变化而有所降低,出水口pH值逐渐得到改善。翠湖人工湿地5个不同时间段（2009-6-3、2009-6-26、2009-7-9、2009-7-29、2009-8-17）浊度的平均去除率分别为66.459%、62.562%、33.343%、6.616%、44.314%。翠湖人工湿地对CODcr的去除率随时间变化有较小波动,5个时间段平均去除率分别为4.347%、4.716%、10.748%、9.370%、6.622%。TN平均去除率分别为15.465%、27.669%、30.507%、33.177%、21.098%,TP平均去除率分别2.688%、49.790%、21.538%、13.580%、35.714%。     

Performance Study of Constructed Rapid Infiltration in Three-Gorges Reservoir Region

The hydraulic loading and wet/dry(W/D) ratio,which are two important indexes in the constructed rapid infiltration,can affect the removal effect.Presently,the domestic experimental reports about the hydraulic loading and(W/D) ratio aiming at the Three-Gorges Reservoir Region is rather scarce.This article studies some pertinent hydraulic loadings and W/D ratios suitable for the Region.The authors emphatically research the effect of CRI treating COD,TN and TP in the sewage under four hydraulic loadings and three different W/D ratios.It is suggested that when the temperature is ascending,the W/D ratio can be risen to some extent.The variations of loading and ratio can affect the COD,TP removal effect a little,but affect the TN removal effect much.The experimental conclusions can provide evidence to the application of constructed rapid infiltration in the Three-Gorges Reservoir Region.     

武河湿地水体富营养化状况分析

对山东省临沂市武河湿地的实地考察及水样采样,并对水体中的N、P、COD、BOD等水质指标进行测定与分析,试验结果证明武河人工湿地对TN、COD、BOD的去除率分别为55%、76%与70%,对P的去除率较低。武河湿地8个采样点的TN平均浓度为26.55 mg/L,TP平均浓度为0.125 mg/L。根据Thomas的水体富营养化程度划分标准分析,武河湿地水体的总磷与总氮含量均处于“富”级富营养化程度,所以武河湿地水体富营养化程度整体较高,对污水处理潜力未能得到充分发挥。     

微污染水源人工湿地处理效果与植物作用分析

采用水平流人工湿地系统对沉砂后的微污染水源水进行了预处理试验,考察了处理效能与湿地植物作用。结果表明：水平流人工湿地系统对COD,TP,TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别为49.89%,50.44%,53.41%和48.45%;湿地植物作用研究表明：一方面,植物通过吸收直接去除氮、磷,在生长季节作用更明显。而且在床体前部植物生长效果略好于后部,对氮、磷吸收也略高于后部。另一方面植物根系可以过滤、截留去除水中污染物,并为微生物提供附着表面,从而发挥了微生物的降解作用,这在人工湿地系统起重要的作用。     

人工湿地处理农业径流研究

为了处理农业径流的污染,本研究采用水平潜流人工湿地对农业径流进行处理试验,以减轻河流污染。结果表明,进水流量2.5m3/d运行条件下,水平潜流人工湿地有较好的处理效果。潜流人工湿地CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP的平均去除率均分别达到49.65%,51.37 %,56.24% 和59.12%;潜流人工湿地系统的出水CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP平均含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, ,Ⅱ类水质的含和Ⅳ类水质的含量。通过对人工湿地处理系统影响因素分析表明：进水流量的控制非常关键,适宜的进水流量处理效果最佳。     

人工湿地系统对农业面源污染TN/TP的消减作用——以安吉县深溪河小流域为例

为了解在浙北山区小流域特定的自然条件下,人工水塘-湿地复合系统对农业面源污染的治理效果,通过连续采样和跟踪监测的方法,研究了安吉县深溪河小流域内人工水塘-湿地耦合系统对农业面源污染中TN和TP等污染物的削减效果。结果表明：2012年5—10月中张溪人工水塘进水TN浓度为3.7~6.4 mg/L,对TN的去除率为9.9%~63.4%,且去除效果受进水TN浓度的影响较大;中张溪人工渠进水TN浓度在2.5~5.1 mg/L之间,对TN的去除率为5.0%~48.1%;洪家村人工塘和深溪村人工塘对农田水TP去除率均在30%以上,且在人工塘进水TP浓度较高的时期,去除效果较好;洪家村深溪河下游湿地对污染水体TN、TP的净化效果较好,对TN的去除率为25.0%~96.0%,对TP的去除率为21.8%~98.1%。该区人工水塘-湿地复合系统全年平均TN去除率达到60.4%,最高达到86.8%,平均TP去除率为78.6%,最高达94.9%,对深溪河流域面源污染的治理具有较好的效果。     

刺苦草对富营养化水体净化作用的研究

以刺苦草植株为试验材料,通过对不同时期水中氮、磷、pH等的测定,研究其对富营养化水体的净化效果,为利用水生植物净化富营养化水体提供理论依据。结果表明:刺苦草对富营养化水体的TN、TP、NH4+-N、COD的去除率分别为66.64%、90.02%、91.94%、71.17%;pH从7.7降至7.43;DO从6.956 mg/L回升至16.406 mg/L,透明度达到55 cm。由此证明,刺苦草可作为净化富营养化水体的优良生物材料之一。     

潜流人工湿地基质因素对农业径流净化作用的研究

为了研究人工湿地基质在处理农业径流中的作用,对农业径流人工处理湿地中的基质展开研究。结果表明:人工湿地基质能够吸附水中一定的污染物质,成熟基质基质具有很强的污染物降解能力,对水中污染物的去除发挥重要作用。湿地基质对实验农业径流的COD、TN、TP和NH4+-N的去除率分别为41%,50%,49%和%52%。出水中CODcr、TN、TP、NH4+-N含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, Ⅴ类水质的含量,类水质的含和Ⅲ类水质的含量。     

鱼腥草种植对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的影响

为研究浮床栽培鱼腥草(0、5%种植面积)对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的(水质和底泥)影响,测定了TOC、COD、Chl、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO2--N、NO_3~--N、TP、PO_4~(3-)-P等水质指标和底泥中TOC、TN、TP指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,5月份鱼腥草塘浮床区和敞水区TOC、TN、NH_4~+-N显著下降,敞水区Chl显著下降;6月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TP、PO_4~(3-)-P显著下降,浮床区NO_3~--N显著下降;7月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TN、TP显著下降,且浮床区TOC显著下降;8月份浮床区和敞水区TN、TP显著下降,浮床区TOC、COD,敞水区Chl显著下降;9月份浮床区和敞水区TOC显著下降,且浮床区Chl,敞水区COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N显著下降;10月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TP显著下降,浮床区NH_4~+-N和敞水区TN显著下降。鱼腥草种植塘6月份TOC、TN、TP显著降低,7、9月份TN显著降低。鱼腥草能显著降低吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘水体中COD、TN、TP指标和底泥中TOC、TN、TP指标,且能显著提高其总产量、成活率,降低其饵料系数和相应的生物学指标。     

四川省农村生活非点源污染负荷估算及评价研究

研究旨在明确现阶段四川省农村生活非点源污染状况,及对农村生活非点源污染控制提供依据。笔者依托输出系数模型,考虑农村生活垃圾、生活废水和人体粪尿污染物三方面,从污染物产生、输出到入河三阶段建立了农村生活非点源污染负荷估算模型。在模型支撑下,估算了2012年四川省各地级市（州）农村生活非点源污染物中TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）和COD（化学需氧量）的负荷量,并对TN、TP和COD的负荷总量、来源比例进行分析,同时结合地表水三级水质标准(GB 3838—2002),计算了农村生活非点源污染中TN、TP和COD的入河贡献率。结果显示四川省农村生活非点源产生负荷 TN 421070 t,TP 91122 t,COD 2023186 t;输出负荷TN 120675 t,TP 26298 t,COD 419969 t;入河负荷TN 44499 t,TP 5780 t,COD 142049 t。各地市州中,南充、达州和成都产生、输出负荷最大;宜宾、南充和达州入河量最大。全省农村生活非点源污染TN、TP和COD的入河贡献率总体不大,仅遂宁、内江入河TN负荷对水体污染的贡献率超过地表水三级水质标准100%。随经济发展,四川省农村生活非点源污染部分区域较为严重,对其控制不容忽视。研究采用的方法可为其它区域的农村生活非点源污染负荷估算提供参考和借鉴。     

Degradation of PCB Waste Stripping Liquid Using UV/Fenton

The study shows that there will be a good effect to degrade printed circuit board(PCB) waste stripping liquid using UV/Fenton homogeneous photochemical catalysis system.The removal rate of COD could reach 80% at the conditions with double dose of H_2O_2,1:20 mol ratio of Fe~(2+):H_2O_2 and 80min hydraulic retention time(HRT).In all influential factors the H_2O_2 dosing ratio is the most important by order,then follows the ratio of FeSO_4/H_2O_2,and at last the illumination time.     

升流式厌氧生物滤池与温室型人工湿地组合对农村生活污水处理的研究

针对中国农村分布分散、资金短缺,缺乏污水处理专业人员,而农村污水处理又是亟待解决的环境问题这一现状,笔者研究升流式厌氧生物滤池（UAF）与温室型人工湿地组合工艺低气温下处理农村生活污水的运行特点及效果。结果表明：UAF的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为12 h,容积负荷0.632~0.936 kg/(m3?d),COD的平均去除率为56%,室外气温在-5~10℃（冬春）,温室型人工湿地的最佳HRT为3天,组合工艺COD总去除率平均为75%,BOD5总去除率平均达到84%,SS总去除率平均不低于93%,氨氮总去除率平均为63%,TP总去除率平均为46%,出水水质除TP外均满足GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》1级B标准。该工艺具有低能耗、低投资、低运行费用、运行维护简单等优点,适合作为农村生活污水的处理工艺推广使用。     

Demonstration Engineering Research on Constructed Wetland for Purifying Urban Wastewater

Under the conditions that HRT is 4d without any measures to strengthen the system, after adding enhanced phosphorus removal materials,the system effluent TP removal efficiency increased by an average of about 8.36%; he system total nitrogen concentration with the flow direction of the wetlands has shown a downward trend, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the system in addition to hydrolysis at the second point is the point to increase the pool of water , the rest remain the same as the concentration of TN system flow direction showing a downward trend; the concentration of organic matter in sewage along the flow direction showing adecreasing trend, the first and the second paragraph of wetlands plays a major role to removal the concentration of organic matter, in addition to amount of 72.78% removal of total organic matter concentration.