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1.
在脊椎动物的肠道内,存在着数量庞大、结构多样、动态变化的微生物群,它们对肠道的生理、代谢、免疫等具有重要的作用。在自然条件下,这些微生物和真核生物(如蠕虫、原生动物、真菌等)共同存在于脊椎动物肠道内。寄生虫与微生物群均可显著改变机体肠道生理与免疫环境,为它们之间的相互作用创造了机会。肠道微生物与寄生虫之间的相互作用会极大地影响感染的结果,进而对宿主的健康产生重要影响。如寄生虫感染会影响宿主与微生物的相互作用关系,从而促使或保护宿主免受细菌的侵害。另一方面,菌群又会影响寄生虫的定植、繁殖和毒性,使其沿着与宿主寄生性-互惠共生性的生存模式发展。这些相互作用的机理与结果是微生物学与寄生虫学之间交叉研究的前沿课题。笔者对近年来有关肠道寄生虫与肠道微生物间相互作用的最新研究成果进行了总结,并对其可能未考虑到的因素提出了自己的观点,旨在为肠道寄生虫病防控及肠道菌群研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
肠道微生物是日粮促进或调节宿主健康的桥梁。日粮是影响肠道微生物组成和含量的关键因素,并且易于控制和改变。日粮中不同的营养成分对肠道微生物组成产生较大的影响。目前,有关碳水化合物对肠道微生物菌群影响的研究较多,而脂肪酸对肠道微生物菌群的影响尚不明确。本文主要综述日粮中脂肪酸对肠道微生物的影响及其可能的机制,为今后肠道微生物的研究以及脂肪酸调控肠道微生物生态系统的平衡提供一定参考。  相似文献   

3.
肠道微生物参与营养物质代谢,影响猪的健康和发育,当肠道微生物发生紊乱,会造成猪腹泻并引起炎症反应,因此肠道微生物对猪的健康起着至关重要的作用。本文从肠道微生物在仔猪不同发育阶段的分布、肠道微生物的代谢产物对肠道健康的影响机制和肠道微生物与肠道屏障之间的关系进行阐述,并探讨了目前肠道健康研究的进展以及今后的研究方向,旨在为猪肠道健康调控提供理论参考。  相似文献   

4.
谭伟豪  王丽娜 《饲料研究》2021,44(4):129-132
胆汁酸(bile acid,BA)是胆汁的主要成分,主要在肝脏中合成,可以清理机体类固醇物质,对肠道脂类物质的吸收发挥重要的作用.肠道微生物是伴随人类进化形成的极为复杂的微生态系统,而BAs的代谢与肠道微生态系统之间有着密不可分的联系.文章依据现有的国内外相关研究对BAs代谢和肠道微生物对畜禽健康的影响进行综述.  相似文献   

5.
猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
肠道中栖息着数量庞大复杂多样的微生物菌群,肠道微生物在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用,既影响着饲料消化、营养物质吸收和能量供应,又调控着宿主正常生理功能及疾病的发生与发展.动物胃肠道不仅是消化器官,还是感应器官,肠道对营养物质的感应可以通过脑肠轴调节机体生理活动.肠道微生物还能代谢蛋白质产生宿主细胞不能合成的肽类物质,并通过小肠上皮的肽类转运系统影响机体代谢,因此可能存在微生物-肠道-大脑轴.肠道微生物还可以与机体形成宿主-微生物代谢轴,对动物机体营养物质代谢和免疫稳态起重要作用.饲粮对宿主代谢的改变,常伴随有肠道微生物区系的变化,肠道微生物的代谢可能通过微生物-肠道-大脑轴以及宿主-微生物代谢轴调节宿主很多生理过程,进而影响机体整体代谢.本文概述了猪肠道微生物区系与宿主肠道营养物质代谢的关系,以加深关于肠道微生物对机体代谢贡献的认识.  相似文献   

6.
日粮组成和消化道健康直接影响动物的健康.胃肠道是病原菌侵入机体的直接人口。一旦消化器官的保护性机制出了问题,胃肠道内正常菌群以外的病原微生物便会定植.随后侵入到宿主体细胞和组织。保护胃肠道不受病原微生物侵害的因素有:IgA的分泌、胃肠道菌群的平衡、保护性生理内环境的维系、黏蛋白保护层、消化道蠕动。现就VFA及黏蛋白对肠道微生物和肠道疾病的影响作一介绍。  相似文献   

7.
王怀禹 《猪业科学》2020,37(9):62-65
通过营养技术手段调控猪肠道菌群的结构和丰度、产生生物活性物质和降低肠道p H等路径有效改善肠道微生态环境,增加猪体免疫力,促进猪肠道对营养物质的吸收,提高生产性能以及改善猪胴体品质。文章综述了猪肠道微生物菌群的特性及营养调控路径,以期为通过营养技术手段改善猪肠道健康的深入研究和生产实践提供理论支持和方法借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
冬眠是动物界一种十分常见的行为,在寒冷并且缺乏食物的冬季,冬眠能够帮助动物节约大量的能量.冬眠动物的肠道微生物在冬眠期和非冬眠期差异显著.本文总结了冬眠动物肠道微生物及其代谢产物在冬眠期与非冬眠期间的显著差异、冬眠期间动物肠道微生物变化与肠道免疫系统变化的联系,以期为今后冬眠动物肠道微生物的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

9.
短链脂肪酸是指碳原子数少于6个的脂肪酸。可以被动物机体快速吸收,参与机体代谢,为其提供能量、维持肠道完整、调节肠道菌群和调控免疫功能等。是一种具有多种生理功能的饲料添加剂且安全无毒副作用。文章简述了短链脂肪酸对肠道健康的调控机制及其在动物生产中的应用,旨在为研究短链脂肪酸在动物生产中的应用提供理论上的参考。  相似文献   

10.
《饲料工业》2017,(18):58-61
文章综述了肠道微生物对宿主膳食蛋白代谢的影响,并分析了在高蛋白饮食时,肠道微生物在蛋白质发酵、氨基酸发酵过程中,所产生的物质对宿主健康的影响,旨在研究膳食蛋白与肠道宿主健康之间的关系以及肠道菌群氨基酸与宿主健康的关系,从而能更好地规划饮食。  相似文献   

11.
    
The goal of prebiotic applications from different sources is to improve the gut ecosystem where the host and microbiota can benefit from prebiotics. It has already been recognized that prebiotics have potential roles in the gut ecosystem because gut microbiota ferment complex dietary macronutrients and carry out a broad range of functions in the host body, such as the production of nutrients and vitamins, protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune system balance. The gut ecosystem is very crucial and can be affected by numerous factors consisting of dietary constituents and commensal bacteria. This review focuses on recent scientific evidence, confirming a beneficial effect of prebiotics on animal health, particularly in terms of protection against pathogenic bacteria and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that may improve epithelial cell barrier functions. It has also been reviewed that modification of the gut ecosystem through the utilization of prebiotics significantly affects the intestinal health of animals. However, the identification and characterization of novel potential prebiotics remain a topical issue and elucidation of the metagenomics relationship between gut microbiota alteration and prebiotic substances is necessary for future prebiotic studies.  相似文献   

12.
饲粮纤维影响猪肠道健康的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
肠道健康包括有效的营养物质吸收、稳定的肠道微生物群落及健全的免疫功能等多个方面。肠道的健康状况决定了动物的健康状况。肠道健康取决于饲粮、肠道黏膜和肠道微生物群落3个主要方面。饲粮纤维是由纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和木质素等组成的成分和结构复杂的混合物,具有改善肠道营养物质吸收、降低肠道环境p H、改变有益菌与潜在致病菌比例、优化肠道微生物群落组成及加强黏膜屏障作用等功能。来源不同和理化性质相异的饲粮纤维对肠道健康的影响及作用机理并不一致。本文就饲粮纤维的分类、理化性质及其对肠道健康影响的研究进展进行综述,以促进饲粮纤维在猪饲粮生产上的进一步广泛合理利用。  相似文献   

13.
    
1. Studies were conducted with tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) to determine their effect on broiler chicken performance and ileal microbiota. TOFA, a product originating from coniferous trees and recovered by fractional distillation of side-streams from pulp production, mainly comprises free long-chain fatty acids (~90%) and resin acids (~8%). Conjugated linolenic acids and pinolenic acid are characteristic fatty acid components of TOFA.

2. TOFA products at 750 mg/kg feed were tested in two 35-day broiler chicken trials, each using a wheat soya-based diet and with 12 replicate pens per treatment. In both trials, TOFA improved body weight gain at all time points (P < 0.001) and feed conversion efficiency during the first 21 days (P < 0.01). Two different dry TOFA formulations (silica carrier and palm oil coating) were tested and showed performance effects similar to liquid TOFA.

3. Ileal digesta of the broiler chickens was analysed for total eubacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 35. TOFA significantly increased total eubacteria and lactobacilli density on day 14 (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between these bacterial groups and broiler body weight on day 14 (P < 0.01).

4. A numerical reduction in C. perfringens was observed. In vitro growth inhibition studies showed that C. perfringens was strongly inhibited by 10 mg/l TOFA (P < 0.001), while common lactobacilli were resistant to >250 mg/l. The in vitro results were thus in line with in vivo observations.

5. The mechanisms behind the bacterial shifts and their role in performance improvement are unknown. Further purification of TOFA components is needed to identify the effective agents.  相似文献   


14.
本试验旨在研究猪源卷曲乳杆菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸组成以及血清长链脂肪酸组成的影响。选取体重(20.35±0.53) kg的二元杂交(长×大)生长猪120头,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加卷曲乳杆菌冻干制剂(卷曲乳杆菌添加量为5.5×109CFU/kg),饲喂期为30 d。饲养试验结束当天采集新鲜粪便用于16S rRNA V3~V4区菌群和短链脂肪酸组成的测定,采集血清用于长链脂肪酸组成的测定。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,试验组生长猪平均日增重提高了7. 32%(P <0.05),料重比降低了5.68%(P<0. 05); 2)饲粮中添加卷曲乳杆菌能够提高生长猪粪便菌群物种丰富度,增加厚壁菌门及乳酸杆菌属和光岗菌属的比例; 3)与对照组相比,试验组生长猪粪便中丁酸含量增加了6.20%(P<0.05),乙酸含量减少了9.88%(P<0.05); 4)试验组猪群血清中亚油酸和花生四烯酸含量分别比对照组提高了11.12%(P<0.05)和6.28%(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在饲粮中添加5.5×109CFU/kg卷曲乳杆菌能够影响生长猪的粪便菌群组成,增加粪便中丁酸的含量,并改善血清中不饱和脂肪酸的组成,从而对生长猪的肠道健康及生长起到促进作用。  相似文献   

15.
    
This study was conducted to measure the effects of orally administered glutamate (Glu) on suckling piglet (SP) intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Forty‐eight newborn piglets with similar initial weights (1.55 ± 0.20 kg) were selected from six sows (eight piglets/sow) and randomly assigned into four groups. There was daily administration of the following: 0.18 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium chloride (CN group); 0.06 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (LMG group); 0.50 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (MMG group); and 1.00 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (HMG group). Four piglets (one/group) were randomly selected from each sow for tissue sampling at days 7 and 21. MMG group jejunal villus height and crypt depth significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the CN group as of days 7 and 21. HMG group jejunal villus height and crypt depth reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the MMG group. LMG group jejunum goblet cell count was greater (p < 0.05) than that of the MMG or HMG groups. MMG and HMG group ileal villus height was greater (p < 0.05) than either CN or LMG groups as of day 7. HMG ileal crypt depth decreased (p < 0.05) compared to LMG and MMG groups. The MMG group had greater (p < 0.05) acetic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and pentanoic acid contents in their caecum than the other groups as of day 21. It also had greater acetic acid, propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and isopentanoic acid contents in the colon than the other groups on day 21. No significant VFA content differences in the caecum or the colon were observed among groups on day 7. These results indicated that oral administration with monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 0.50 g/kg BW/day improved SP intestinal morphology and increased caecal and colonal VFA contents.  相似文献   

16.
17.
为研究发酵香菇渣(fermented shiitake residues,FSR)对断奶仔猪生产性能、十二指肠消化酶活性、空肠紧密连接蛋白相关基因表达、结肠挥发性脂肪酸及结肠微生物区系的影响,本研究选用100头健康的壹号土猪断奶仔猪(小耳花猪×杜洛克猪,公母各50头),随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(NC组),试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%发酵香菇渣。试验期33 d。饲养试验结束时,从每个组中选择6头仔猪(公母各半)进行屠宰取样。检测指标包括生长性能、十二指肠黏膜消化酶活性、空肠紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量、结肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和肠道微生物结构。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪的末重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05);显著提高了十二指肠黏膜胰蛋白酶和β-淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);显著提高了结肠挥发性脂肪酸丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸和异戊酸水平(P<0.05);显著增加了结肠纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)和链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度(P<0.01;P<0.05),对空肠紧密连接蛋白1(TJP1)和紧密连接蛋白2(TJP2)基因mRNA的表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加5%发酵香菇渣可提高断奶仔猪肠道消化酶活性,增加结肠挥发性脂肪酸含量,调节肠道微生物区系组成,有利于提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。  相似文献   

18.
    
Besides its primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, the intestine also interacts with a complex external milieu, and is the first defense line against noxious pathogens and antigens. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of various gastrointestinal diseases. The branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important nutrients, which are the essential substrates for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence showed that BCAAs are involved in maintaining intestinal barrier function. It has been reported that dietary supplementation with BCAAs promotes intestinal development, enhances enterocyte proliferation, increases intestinal absorption of amino acids (AA) and glucose, and improves the immune defenses of piglets. The underlying mechanism of these effects is mediated by regulating expression of genes and proteins associate with various signaling pathways. In addition, BCAAs promote the production of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of mice. Compelling evidence supports the notion that BCAAs play important roles in both nutrition and intestinal health. Therefore, as functional amino acids with various physiological effects, BCAAs hold key roles in promoting intestinal development and health in animals and humans.  相似文献   

19.
    
The effects of the administration of four Lactobacillus strains as probiotics on the constitution of microbial populations in the intestine of pigs were investigated by using a litter of pigs. The experimental group was fed a diet blended with the freeze‐dried powder containing lactobacilli at a concentration of 0.2% (W/W). After 4 weeks of probiotics administration, the total viable count of anaerobes in the feces was not significantly different between the pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics and the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. However, viable counts of eubacteria were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the feces of pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics than in the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. Conversely, viable counts of clostridia were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the feces of pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics than the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. The total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the feces of pigs that were given a diet supplemented with probiotics were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those given the non‐supplemented diet. Further, the molar proportion of n‐butyric acids in the feces of pigs that were given a diet supplemented with probiotics, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those given the non‐supplemented diet.  相似文献   

20.
选取刚出生的健康荷斯坦犊牛20头,随机分为酸马奶组、正常组、腹泻组和抗生素组,每组5头。除正常组外,其他3组在相同哺乳的基础上均口服100 mL致病性E.coli O1菌悬液(2.5×1011 CFU/mL)建立腹泻模型,抗生素组添加环丙沙星0.5 mg/kg,试验期15 d。结果表明:酸马奶组犊牛肠道微生物丰富度与多样性显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。酸马奶源乳酸杆菌干预后显著提高了肠道内厚壁菌门、普雷沃氏菌科、毛螺菌科未确定菌属和拟普雷沃菌属的相对丰度,降低了拟杆菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门、放线菌门的相对丰度;酸马奶组犊牛粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。由此可见,犊牛日粮中添加酸马奶源乳酸杆菌可显著提高肠道微生物多样性,增加肠道中有益菌的丰度,降低有害菌的丰度,并显著提高其粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的含量。  相似文献   

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