RNAi沉默接触蛋白-1对犬乳腺肿细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移的影响

为探究接触蛋白-1(CNTN1)对体外培养的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,本研究利用RNAi技术沉默CNNT1基因在犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞中的表达,采用CCK8法检测CHMm细胞增殖能力、细胞划痕法检测CHMm细胞迁移能力,western blot检测CHMm细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量。结果显示CNTN1沉默后,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖无明显影响,但能够导致使细胞迁移能力显著减弱,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量明显增加。研究表明CNTN1对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm增殖调节无明显作用,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm作用主要是通过降低E-cadherin蛋白的表达增强体外培养的肿瘤细胞迁移力,为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供新的靶点。     

PTEN基因过表达对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因调控的影响

为探讨过表达的第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(PTEN)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm)增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因的影响,本研究构建了PTEN表达质粒pc DNA-PTEN,采用脂质体转染法将其导入CHMm细胞系,采用western blot检测PTEN蛋白表达情况,CCK-8法检测CHMm细胞增殖情况,荧光定量PCR检测Bcl-2和Bax的基因表达情况。结果显示,转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组的PTEN蛋白表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组;转染PTEN细胞组的细胞增殖显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bcl-2的m RNA表达水平显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bax的m RNA表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05)。本实验将PTEN基因导入犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm),抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖,为寻找乳腺肿瘤基因治疗新方法提供依据。     

GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化的影响

探讨Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancer of Zeste homolog 2,EZH2)抑制剂GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的影响。取对数生长期的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞(canine mammary tumor cells, CHMm cells),将不同浓度的EZH2抑制剂GSK126(0、10、20、40μmol·L^-1)作用于体外培养CHMm细胞后，培养48 h,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)和细胞克隆形成试验检测细胞增殖能力，Transwell法检测细胞迁移能力变化，Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测CHMm细胞中凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax、上皮间质标志物E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、EZH2 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量。结果显示：与对照组相比，GSK126对CHMm细胞的增殖及迁移具有明显抑制作用，呈明显的剂量依赖性；与对照组相比...     

二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞周期及其相关蛋白的影响

为研究二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响,以犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm和CHMp为模型,采用终浓度为0、5、10、20、40mmol/L二甲双胍对其进行干预,应用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布比例,再通过Western blot检测细胞周期相关蛋白cyclin D1和p27的表达情况。二甲双胍作用48 h后,与对照组比较,CHMm细胞试验各组的成活率显著降低(P0.05),而CHMp细胞除了5 mmol/L组(P0.05),其他试验各组的成活率也显著低于对照组(P0.05),并且均呈现一定的浓度依赖性。流式细胞仪分析细胞分布比例发现,CHMm的G0/G1期细胞比例从(38.7±5.89)%增加到(70.36±5.78)%,CHMp的G0/G1期细胞比例也从(37.03±4.23)%增加到(54.92±4.67)%。随着二甲双胍作用浓度的增加,CHMm和CHMp细胞内cyclin D1表达量呈现减少的趋势,而p27表达量呈现上升的趋势。研究结果表明,二甲双胍可以抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力,诱导细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞,并下调cyclin D1和上调p27细胞周期相关蛋白表达量,从而为犬乳腺肿瘤治疗提供一定的理论基础。     

血小板凝血酶蛋白1对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外生物学特性的影响分析

本研究旨在深入探讨血小板凝血酶蛋白1(THBS1)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的影响,并阐明其影响犬乳腺肿瘤发生发展的作用机制。通过构建THBS1慢病毒稳定过表达和THBS1沉默表达的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp细胞系,采用CCK-8试验、划痕试验、Transwell试验、原位荧光检测和流式细胞术检测THBS1对CHMp细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞凋亡和细胞周期情况的影响;通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡相关因子(p53、Bcl-2、Bax)表达情况的影响,验证THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡通路的影响。结果显示,过表达THBS1能有效增强犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并且减少CHMp细胞的凋亡数量,而沉默THBS1后结果与之相反;流式细胞术得出THBS1能够影响CHMp细胞的细胞周期分布;经qRT-PCR和Western blot检测发现,在THBS1过表达后,p53和Bcl-2的表达量均明显增高,Bax的表达量明显减少,在沉默THBS1后结果与之相反。结果表明,THBS1的异常表达能够影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移、侵袭以及细胞周期;此外,THBS1能够通过影响细胞凋亡因子p53、Bcl-2和Bax的表达来影响CHMp细胞凋亡相关通路,进而影响犬乳腺肿瘤的发生发展。     

犬乳腺肿瘤他莫昔芬耐药细胞中差异表达circRNAs的筛选与分析

【目的】筛选和分析环状RNA(circRNA)在犬乳腺肿瘤(CMGT)耐药中的作用,为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新靶点。【方法】以CMGT细胞CHMm作为研究对象,首先通过浓度梯度法和浓度维持法构建CMGT他莫昔芬(TAM)耐药细胞系,然后采用CCK-8法检测CMGT细胞对TAM的敏感性,最后通过高通量测序技术筛选耐药细胞中差异表达的circRNAs,通过GO功能和KEGG信号通路分析其可能参与的生物过程。【结果】经过TAM持续刺激,CHMm形态变为长梭形,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)由4.07提高至13.75μmol/L,说明耐药细胞展现更强TAM抗性。测序结果显示,耐药细胞中差异表达的circRNAs 46个,GO功能分析涉及肿瘤细胞外基质、蛋白质类泛素化、细胞黏附和细胞迁移等过程,主要信号通路为Notch、Rap1、ErbB、FoxO和PI3K等通路。【结论】本研究成功构建犬乳腺肿瘤TAM耐药细胞系CHMm^TAM,耐药细胞展现更强的增殖能力和TAM抗性。高通量筛选了亲本和耐药细胞中差异表达的circRNAs,耐药性产生可能通过Notch、Rap1和...     

光动力学作用对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞IL-6和IL-2影响的试验

用HMME-PDT作用于犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm后,台盼蓝染色绘制各组细胞的生长曲线,放射免疫法检测PDT后不同时间点检测细胞IL-6、IL-2含量的变化。台盼蓝染色PDT组与对照组比较细胞死亡率明显上升,PDT后随时间延长IL-2含量增加,IL-6含量降低。说明PDT对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm的杀伤效应可能是由于细胞IL-6、IL-2含量的变化而引起的。     

SGK通过下调抑癌基因p27蛋白促进小鼠肿瘤生长

肿瘤已成为老年动物常见疾病。多种恶性肿瘤高表达血清和糖皮质激素诱导的蛋白激酶(SGK),但其对肿瘤生长的作用机理还未完全解析。为了探究SGK对肿瘤生长的影响及作用机制，本研究利用人乳腺癌细胞系(MDA-MB-231),通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)敲低SGK,使用二甲氧唑黄(XTT)、溴脱氧尿苷(Brdu)和软琼脂克隆形成试验检测SGK对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和转化的影响；利用过表达系统构建小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系NIH3T3/HER2/SGK和NIH3T3/HER2/SGK/p27,通过XTT、Brdu、流式细胞术和软琼脂克隆形成试验探究SGK是否通过抑癌基因p27蛋白调控肿瘤细胞的增殖转化和细胞周期；使用蛋白免疫印迹(WB)和免疫荧光(IF)技术分析SGK调控p27的机制；利用裸鼠构建体内肿瘤模型，通过计算形成肿瘤的体积和免疫组织化学(IHC)技术分析SGK调控肿瘤生长的机制。结果显示，敲低SGK能够显著下调肿瘤细胞的增殖和转化(P<0.05);过表达p27能够明显降低肿瘤细胞的增殖和转化(P<0.05),且G0-G1期的细胞数量增多，而过表达SGK能够逆转这些现象；...     

CD44、VEGF、p53在犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系中的表达

为了研究犬乳腺肿瘤的转移机制,试验选用从自然发生乳腺肿瘤病例的原发病灶和转移病灶分离培养的4种细胞(CHMp、CHMm、CIPp、CIPm),经传代120代以上、生长性状稳定的细胞系作为研究对象,并对细胞系进行免疫组织化学分析。结果表明:不同细胞系中p53、CD44、VEGF 3种抗体均为阳性反应,但有不同的临床意义;VEGF在4种细胞系中表达无差异,说明在转移组和原发组乳腺肿瘤细胞中功能和作用机理类似;CD44在4种细胞系中的表达均有差异,说明其不能作为独立的预后指标,需要其他因素共同参与调节乳腺肿瘤的浸润和转移;p53在活性和增殖能力最弱的CIPm细胞中表达强度最弱,与组织中的表达结果相符合,说明p53作为动物预后指标是可靠的。     

RNA干扰水牛MTPN基因对颗粒细胞增殖、凋亡及激素分泌的影响

本研究旨在探讨敲低MTPN基因对体外培养水牛颗粒细胞增殖、凋亡及雌激素、孕酮分泌的影响。应用RNAi技术敲低颗粒细胞中MTPN基因的表达水平,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测体外培养水牛颗粒细胞中MTPN基因及增殖和周期相关基因的表达情况,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,借助流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布,采用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养液中雌激素与孕酮含量。结果显示,经siRNA(si-MTPN)转染颗粒细胞后,MTPN基因相对表达量下降60%(P<0.01);细胞增殖受到显著抑制(P<0.05),G1期细胞数量下降,S期细胞数量上升,G2期细胞数量极显著上升(P<0.01),细胞被阻滞在G2期;增殖与周期相关基因Cyclin D2、Cytochrom C表达量显著上升(P<0.05),Caspase9、Fas基因表达量极显著上升(P<0.01);ELISA检测雌激素和孕酮分泌水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。综上表明,敲低MTPN基因能通过调控相关基因的表达抑制体外培养水牛颗粒细胞的增殖及雌激素、孕酮的分泌水平,为阐明MTPN基因参与家畜卵泡发生的分子机制提供参考。     

Alteration of somatostatin receptor 2 expression in canine mammary gland tumor

Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a negative regulator of cell proliferation in human breast cancer. Since there is little information about SSTR2 in canine mammary gland tumor (MGT), we clarified its distribution and expression level in normal mammary gland, benign MGT and malignant MGT. SSTR2 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining was observed in the cytoplasm of luminal epithelial cells. The intensity was negatively correlated with malignancy: normal tissues and some of the benign tumors had the highest levels, while the malignant tumors had little or no SSTR2 expression. As for the Western blotting, SSTR2 protein level in benign tumors was significantly lower than the normal mammary gland. On the other hand, SSTR2 protein levels in two of three malignant tumors were higher than the other groups. These results suggest that SSTR2 expression alters according to the malignancy of canine MGT.     

Loss of p27 expression in canine mammary tumors and their metastases

The p27 gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which arrest G1- to S-phase transition of the cell cycle. We have previously shown a significant reduction of p27 mRNA expression level in laser-microdissected mammary carcinomas and their lymph node metastases when compared to non-neoplastic mammary gland of the same dog. Here, p27 expression was analyzed on the protein level in non-neoplastic mammary gland, primary mammary carcinomas, their lymph node metastases and intravascular tumor cells of 49 dogs, adenomas of 49 dogs and non-neoplastic mammary gland of 98 dogs by immunohistochemistry. A significantly (p ? 0.05) decreased percentage of p27 positive tissue samples was found when normal gland was compared with adenomas, carcinomas and lymph node metastases. Specifically, 91% of normal gland epithelium displayed nuclear p27 expression. In contrast, only 22% of the adenomas, 20% of carcinomas, 12% of lymph node metastases and 32% of intravascular tumor cells had p27 reactivity. Cell cycle control by p27 is therefore lost in the majority of canine mammary tumors. The lack of significant differences between benign and malignant mammary tumors indicates that decreased p27 expression is an early step in carcinogenesis of canine mammary tumors and hinders the use of p27 as a marker of malignancy for this tumor type.     

Of humans and canines: Immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA, Bcl-2, p53, cytokeratin and ER in mammary tumours

Mammary tumours are the most common neoplasms in humans and canines. Human and canine mammary tumours share several important epidemiological, clinicopathological and biochemical features. Development of mammary tumours involves accumulation of mutant cells caused by excessive proliferation and insufficient apoptosis or dysregulation of cellular differentiation. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the expression of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis associated proteins together with expression of estrogen receptors (ER) in both human and canine mammary tumours. Thirty breast cancer patients categorized as pre- and postmenopausal, and 30 mammary gland tumours obtained from bitches were included in this study. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, p53, cytokeratin and ER in tumour tissues and adjacent tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. While the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2, p53 and ER was significantly increased, expression of cytokeratin was significantly lower in both human as well as canine mammary tumours compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. The magnitude of the changes was however more pronounced in premenopausal patients compared to postmenopausal patients. The changes in proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation associated proteins in human and canine mammary tumours validate use of the canine model to understand the molecular mechanisms of mammary carcinogenesis.     

The oncolytic effects of reovirus in canine solid tumor cell lines

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment for humans and dogs. Reovirus has been proven to be a potent oncolytic virus in human medicine. Our laboratory has previously reported that canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma were susceptible to reovirus. In this study, canine solid tumor cell lines (mammary gland tumor, osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma) were tested to determine their susceptibility towards reovirus. We demonstrated that reovirus induces more than 50% cell death in three canine mammary gland tumors and one canine malignant melanoma cell line. The reovirus-induced cell death occurred via the activation of caspase 3. Ras activation has been shown to be one of the important mechanisms of reovirus-susceptibility in human cancers. However, Ras activation was not related to the reovirus-susceptibility in canine solid tumor cell lines, which was similar to reports in canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma. The results of this study highly suggest that canine mammary gland tumor and canine malignant melanoma are also potential candidates for reovirus therapy in veterinary oncology.     

PTEN 基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

有关酪氨酸磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen,PTEN）在乳腺肿瘤中的检测在人医早有报道。为了研究PTEN基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,笔者运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例不同的犬乳腺肿瘤组织（包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤）、4例正常犬乳腺组织。结果发现：PTEN基因在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中表达量明显低于其在良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织中的表达量,两者差异极显著（P〈0.001）;PTEN在良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达与正常犬乳腺组织相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;发生了淋巴结转移的乳腺癌PTEN基因的表达量与未发生转移的乳腺癌组织的表达量间差异亦不显著（P〉0.05）,且PTEN的表达量与肿瘤组织的大小和发病动物年龄无关。结论：PTEN蛋白表达异常可能与乳腺肿瘤发生、发展相关,可考虑作为判断犬乳腺肿瘤生物学行为和预测的指标。     

敲低SQLE基因对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

为了探讨角鲨烯环氧酶（squalene epoxidase,SQLE）基因对体外培养奶牛乳腺细胞凋亡及增殖的影响,本研究用RNAi技术敲低奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因;用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因及凋亡和周期相关基因的表达;用CCK-8法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;用周期和凋亡检测试剂盒筛选细胞,用流式细胞术准确计数处于不同周期的细胞数和凋亡细胞数。结果显示,奶牛乳腺上皮细胞转染siRNA后,SQLE基因相对表达量显著下降（P<0.05）,细胞增殖受到极显著抑制（P<0.01）;G1期细胞数量显著下降（P<0.05）,G2期细胞数量没有显著性改变,S期细胞数量显著上升（P<0.05）;肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员6（又称Fas或CD5）的相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1B（cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B,P27）相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）,而细胞周期素D1（Cyclin D1）、B淋巴细胞瘤因子2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A（cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,P21）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X,apoptosis regulator,Bax）显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,敲低SQLE基因通过调节相关基因的表达抑制乳腺上皮细胞的增殖。     

Expression and significance of PTEN and VEGF in canine mammary gland tumours

To investigate the relationship between the expression of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and the clinicopathological features in canine mammary gland tumours, the expression levels of PTEN and VEGF protein were assessed in 50 cases of canine mammary gland tumours tissues and 4 cases of normal mammary gland tissues with using immunohistochemical method. The over-expression rate of PTEN protein was 100% in normal and well-differentiated mammary gland tissues and 67% in breast cancer cases respectively with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Expression of PTEN was not related to age and tumour size, but closely correlated to lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The over-expression rate of VEGF protein was 33.3% in normal mammary gland tissues, and 78% in canine mammary gland tumours with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).Expression of VEGF was not related to age or tumour size, but closely correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05).Therefore the combination detection of PTEN and VEGF could serve as an important index to estimate the biological behavior and prognosis of canine mammary gland tumours. Reduced expression of PTEN might be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of canine breast cancer by up-regulating the VEGF expression to enhance angiogenesis.