The physics interviewing project: a tour of interviews in Asia

The Physics Interviewing Project assists graduate physics departments in evaluating foreign applicants. Supported by some 20 universities, two interviewers, both working scientists, travel abroad and interview students individually for about 1 hour each. Prospective teaching assistants are rated on physics knowledge, problem-solving ability, and English language proficiency. Ratings on all interviewees are sent to all supporting schools and other schools as requested. The Project aids able students from countries that have no physics Ph.D. programs (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand) to obtain assistantships and Ph.D.'s abroad, assists in the technological development of those countries, and helps U.S. schools in selecting the most promising foreign candidates. A similar program should be beneficial in other sciences.     

Global crop forecasting

Many foreign countries are as dependent on imports of food as the United States is on imports of oil. As the world's largest exporter of food, the United States needs reliable information on fluctuating foreign crop production. But available information is often inadequate and at best untimely. It is gathered by the foreign governments' often outmoded systems and its release may be delayed out of economic self-interest. Recently three U.S. government agencies put together a crop inventory system using satellite remote sensing and worldwide weather reporting and tested it in the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). A 1977 real-time forecast of U.S.S.R. wheat production indicates that the approach works and may be expandable to other areas and other crops.     

U.s. Competitiveness: beyond the trade deficit

Large trade deficits and the corresponding increase in U.S. international indebtedness have raised concerns about the long-run competitiveness of the United States. But being competitive requires more than balance in our foreign trade; it requires an improving standard of living. The long-term U.S. competitive problem is largely caused by low saving rates, high costs of capital, and the resulting inadequate level of both visible and invisible investment. As long as the U.S. national saving rate remains far below that of all our major competitor nations, there is little chance for restoring America's international economic position.     

Foreign direct investment in the United States and u.s. Interests

Foreign direct investment entered the United States at unprecedented rates during the second half of the 1980s. The result has been much higher levels of foreign ownership of U.S. economic activities than those to which the nation has been accustomed. The reasons for this investment include loss of competitiveness of U.S. firms compared to international rivals as well as attractions to foreign investors of the United States itself. The economic effects of greater levels of foreign ownership are generally positive, although some problems with levels of competition could ensue. National security considerations might cause the United States to place some restrictions on this investment, but other restrictions at the present time appear to be unwarranted.     

基于社会需求的重点高校食品类专业硕士研究生培养探讨简

以哈尔滨工业大学食品科学与工程专业为例,针对当前食品科学与工程专业人才培养和社会需求之间的矛盾,分析了产生这种供需矛盾的原因,同时结合国内外研究生培养的经验借鉴,提出了食品科学与工程专业研究生培养的一些建议和对策,旨在促进食品科学与工程学科硕士研究生的培养与社会需求接轨。     

Graduate students' teaching experiences improve their methodological research skills

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduate students are often encouraged to maximize their engagement with supervised research and minimize teaching obligations. However, the process of teaching students engaged in inquiry provides practice in the application of important research skills. Using a performance rubric, we compared the quality of methodological skills demonstrated in written research proposals for two groups of early career graduate students (those with both teaching and research responsibilities and those with only research responsibilities) at the beginning and end of an academic year. After statistically controlling for preexisting differences between groups, students who both taught and conducted research demonstrate significantly greater improvement in their abilities to generate testable hypotheses and design valid experiments. These results indicate that teaching experience can contribute substantially to the improvement of essential research skills.     

The critical importance of retrieval for learning

Learning is often considered complete when a student can produce the correct answer to a question. In our research, students in one condition learned foreign language vocabulary words in the standard paradigm of repeated study-test trials. In three other conditions, once a student had correctly produced the vocabulary item, it was repeatedly studied but dropped from further testing, repeatedly tested but dropped from further study, or dropped from both study and test. Repeated studying after learning had no effect on delayed recall, but repeated testing produced a large positive effect. In addition, students' predictions of their performance were uncorrelated with actual performance. The results demonstrate the critical role of retrieval practice in consolidating learning and show that even university students seem unaware of this fact.     

国外土壤侵蚀模型发展研究

以国外土壤侵蚀模型的发展情况为研究对象,将国外土壤侵蚀模型的发展按照研究重点的不同分为3个阶段,分别为土壤侵蚀量与单因子间关系的研究阶段、土壤侵蚀物理过程模型研究阶段和3S技术与土壤侵蚀模型相结合的研究阶段。并从3个发展阶段对国外土壤侵蚀模型的发展进行了阐述。     

独立学院工程教育专业人才培养调查及存在问题分析

以独立学院工程教育专业学生为研究对象,从学生对人才培养方案、课堂教学和就业创业的认同和评价等方面展开调查,结果发现,在独立学院工程教育专业人才培养中,存在人才培养方案课程设置弹性较小、缺乏特色和实践能力培养等问题,指出设置科学合理的专业结构、改善教学方法和构建自主创业能力培养环境是提高人才培养的关键。     

基于CDIO的ACCESS数据库课程教学改革研究

通过对CDIO工程教育的研究,本文尝试从ACCESS数据库管理系统教学出发,将CDIO的教学理念融入到整个教学过程中。不仅培养学生对基础知识的掌握,还能培养学生扎实的工程理论基础和团队协作能力。通过教学实践和学生评价表明,基于CDIO的ACCESS数据库教学能够提高学生的自主性和创造性,提高了学习兴趣和解决问题的能力。     

Impending United States energy crisis

The U.S. oil and gas industry has been dramatically weakened by the recent oil price collapse. Domestic drilling activity reached a new post-World War II low during the summer of 1986. Given a weak, unstable oil price outlook, U.S. capability will continue to deteriorate. In the last year U.S. imports of foreign oil have risen significantly, and if market forces alone dominate, U.S. dependence is expected to rise from 32% in 1983 to the 50 to 70% level in the not-too-distant future. The 1973 oil embargo and the subsequent attempts to improve U.S. energy security vividly demonstrated the huge costs and long periods of time required to change our energy system. These facts, coupled with the nation's generally short-term orientation, suggest a strong likelihood of a new U.S. energy crisis in the early to middle 1990s.     

水产生物技术专业基因工程学教学改革与实践

从教学内容、教学手段、成绩考核等方面分析了水产生物技术专业基因工程教学上所存在的问题。根据水产行业综合型人才的需要,提出了相对完善的水产类高校基因工程教学的措施,强调专业特点,加强理论结合实践,提高学生学习基因工程的兴趣等。     

基因工程双语电子教材建设的初步探索

双语教学中,教材是重要的组成部分。双语教学的顺利实现,首先要选择与课堂教学相应的外文教材。笔者在对现行双语教材使用情况分析之后,针对其利弊,并结合作者对《基因工程》双语教材的规划、组织与编写等环节的探索与实践,初步提出了适合国产双语教材建设的模式,即在结合本校学生特点和教学大纲的基础上,制定教学内容,然后有针对性地进行外文资料的收集、消化、吸收和编排。     

转基因水稻研究及其生物安全性问题

利用基因工程技术将外源基因导入栽培稻,创造转基因水稻的方法为提高水稻产量、品质和抗性开辟了一条崭新的途径。重点阐述了转基因水稻的研究进展、存在问题、发展趋势及生物安全性问题和对策。     

基于读者分析的高校图书馆外文阅览室优化构建研——以天津商业大学图书馆为例

针对普通高校图书馆外文阅览室多年来利用率低的现状,着眼于工作实践,以天津商业大学图书馆为例研究非语言类高校中读者的阅读取向与需求对外文阅览室的馆藏结构调整、读者导读与馆员基本素质培训的意义。为避免立场不同,采取抽样调查方式对天津商业大学外语系200名学生针对其满意度与服务开发的期待值进行调查统计,指出在外文阅览室中开展针对性服务的必要性,并提出在普通高校图书馆外文阅览室开展相关服务的具体举措。     

Myths and realities of u.s. Competitiveness

Most discussion of U.S. competitiveness misstates the problem, focusing on the trade deficit and on fears that an economy whose productivity lags that of its rivals will face economic disaster. In fact, strong automatic forces ensure that the U.S. economy will remain in business and indeed roughly balance its trade even if its productivity performance is dismal. The real issue is the effect of international competition on the mix of goods that the U.S. economy produces. In some industries high productivity is an effect as well as a cause of international competitiveness. There is an intellectually respectable but politically problematic case for government action to create or preserve advantage in such industries.     

植物基因工程研究的现状(综述)

本文从目的基因的分离和结构分析、基因载体的开发利用、基因转化途径的发展以及外来基因在植物细胞中的表达等几个方面对植物基因工程的研究概况进行了综合介绍。指出,只有进一步深入研究植物基因的结构和表达,深入研究植物组织培养技术,植物基因工程才可能最终进入实际应用。     

外语教学与语言学流派

语言教学法是语言学理论在语言教学，尤其是餐语教学中的表现方式，不同的教学法流派其依据的语言学理论。不同历史时间的社会经济发展会产生了不同的３学流派，自然也就出了不同的教学方法。本通过叙述、分析，提出了不要轻易用一种教学法去批评另一种上语教学麝锗阳建立在历史的基础上的，折衷可取百家之和芤会对学生的外语能力乃至化修养的形成和提高有极大的益处。     

农业院校工科学生就业指导与服务长效机制的构建与实践研究

在调查、统计和研究的基础上,分析了农业院校工科专业毕业生在就业时面临的困难、压力和挑战。结合学院近几年的就业工作,构建了就业指导与服务长效机制,并在学院就业工作中进行了实践。     

基于大学生心理问题的阅读疗法研究进展

对国内外阅读疗法研究的进展情况进行了综述分析,揭示了我国关于大学生心理问题阅读疗法研究中存在的不足和问题,提出了未来基于大学生心理问题阅读疗法研究的建议和对策。