引入西宁的星杂579蛋鸡生理生化常值测定

测得引入西宁的星杂５７９蛋鸡血液ＲＢＣ，ＷＢＣ，Ｈｂ和嗜中性、碱性、酸性、淋巴、单核细胞的结果分别为３．２４±０．１２（１０￣（１２）／Ｌ），２．６８±０．４４（１０￣９／Ｌ），９７．５±８．７３（ｇ／Ｌ），３２．７３±３．７５（％），０．７５±０．２４（％），４．７６±１．１７（％），５３．９６±３．２１（％），７．８１±１．５０（％）；血清总蛋白，ＧＰＴ，Ｇ０Ｔ，ＺｎＴＴ，ＴＴＴ，Ｋ￣＋，Ｎａ￣＋，Ｃｌ￣－，Ｃａ￣（＋＋），Ｐ的结果分别为６．２５±５．７（ｇ／Ｌ），５．７３±２．０２（ＩＵ），８３．３４±９．１５（ＩＵ），３．２０±１．６９（Ｕ），５，７３±３．３７（Ｕ），３．６２±０．６７（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１６１．４０±７．３０（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１２３．５８±６．７６（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１．４１±０．２１（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１．３８±０．１９（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）；同时测得Ｔ，Ｐ，Ｒ分别为４１．５８±０．３１（℃），１７３．１２±７．５１（次／ｍｉｎ），３５．４７±６．１５（次／ｍｉｎ）。     

北极狐生理指标和血液生化参数测定

对引入青海高原的２７只北极狐作２０项生理生化参数测定。测定结果：ＲＢＣ，ＷＢＣ，Ｈｂ，嗜中性白细胞，淋巴细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性、嗜碱性白细胞分别为９．４０±１．８６（１０￣（１２）／Ｌ），７．４０±１．２８（１０￣９／Ｌ），１４．２０±１．８（ｇ／ｄｌ），４０．５８±１．５５（％），５６．５０±１．９３（％）．２．４０±０．７５（％），０．８１±０．０８（％），０．２９±０．０６（％）；血清总蛋白，Ａ／Ｇ，尿素氮，血清总脂，淀粉酶，血糖，Ｋ￣＋，Ｎａ￣＋，Ｃｌ￣－，Ｃａ￣（２＋），Ｍｇ￣（２＋），Ｐ分别为５８．４１±５．３０（ｇ／Ｌ），１．８０±０．１８，６．６９±１．５５（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），７．８８±０．６６（ｇ／Ｌ），６２１±８７．０７（Ｕ／ｄｌ），５．２２±０．６３（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），２．２４±０．５３（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１７７．０８±１３．４２（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１０５．５０±１１．６０（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），２．４８±０．４５（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１．１７±０．２３（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），２．４１±１．０６（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）；同时测得Ｔ，Ｐ，Ｒ分别为３９．２±０．３９（℃），１２７±１０．３（次／ｍｉｎ），２９．２±５．２     

法定计量单位名称与符号说

ｋｍ：千米(公里)ｍ：米ｃｍ：厘米ｍｍ：毫米ｓ：秒ｍｉｎ：分ｄ：日(天)ａ年Ｋ：绝对温度ｋｇ：千克(公斤)ｇ：克ｍｇ：毫克Ｌ（ｌ）：升ｍＬ（ｍｌ）：毫升ｍ３：立方米ｈｍ２：公顷ｍ２：平方米ｋｍ２：平方公里Ｐａ：帕ｋＰａ：千帕Ｗ：瓦ｋＷ：千瓦Ｊ：焦ｋＪ：千焦**********１ｈｍ２＝１５亩＝１０４ｍ２（平方米）＝９００平方丈１ｋＰａ≈９．８７×１０-３标准大气压≈７．５ｍｍＨｇ１Ｊ≈２．３９×１０-４千卡１担＝５０ｋｇ１ｋｇ＝２斤＝１０-３吨Ｋ＝℃ ２７３法定计量单位名称与符号说     

法定计量单位名称与符号说明

ｋｍ：千米(公里)ｍ：米ｃｍ：厘米ｍｍ：毫米ｓ：秒ｍｉｎ：分ｄ：日(天)ａ:年Ｋ：绝对温度ｋｇ：千克(公斤)ｇ：克ｍｇ：毫克Ｌ（ｌ）：升ｍＬ（ｍｌ）：毫升ｍ３：立方米ｈｍ２：公顷ｍ２：平方米ｋｍ２：平方公里Ｐａ：帕ｋＰａ：千帕Ｗ：瓦ｋＷ：千瓦Ｊ：焦ｋＪ：千焦**********１ｈｍ２＝１５亩＝１０４ｍ２（平方米）＝９００平方丈１ｋＰａ≈９．８７×１０-３标准大气压≈７．５ｍｍＨｇ１Ｊ≈２．３９×１０-４千卡１担＝５０ｋｇ１ｋｇ＝２斤＝１０-３吨Ｋ＝℃ ２７３法定计量单位名称与符号说明     

乐都驴血液生化参数测定

对青海省乐都县５１头驴的１３项血清（浆）生化参数进行测定，结果：总蛋白为７４．４±９．７ｇ／Ｌ，Ａ／Ｇ为Ｏ．９±０．２，总脂为２．５±０．６ｇ／Ｌ，胆固醇为２．５±０．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ￣＋为４．５±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｎａ￣＋为１３７±３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃａ￣（２＋）为２．３±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ￣（２＋）为１．６±０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，无机磷为２．０±０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＧＰＴ为８．４±６．４ＩＵ／Ｌ，ＧＯＴ为１１．６±９．７ＩＵ／Ｌ，血浆葡萄糖为５．６±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；上述参数在骟、母驴间无显著差异。     

二甲苯胺噻唑对绵羊血液及脑脊液中乙酰胆碱的影响

用荧光分光光度计的方法研究了二甲苯胺噻唑（静松灵）对乙酰胆碱（ＡＣＨ）的影响，肌注２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ该药后，血液及脑脊液中ＡＣＨ浓度呈上升趋势，于２．５小时达峰值，血液ＡＣＨ由０时７．９６５±０．４１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ２．５小时的４３．９３９±１．３０７ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝５，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＡＣＨ浓度增加了４．５倍，脑脊液ＡＣＨ则由０时的１２．７２２±１．３４７ｎｇ／ｍｌ增７１、９５４±２．２５７ｎｇ／ｍｌ     

商品肉鸡在西宁地区生理常值的测定

对明星、ＡＡ肉仔鸡在海拔２２００ｍ处的西宁地区进行生理常值的测定，结果为：１．呼吸频率高于文献记录（Ｐ＜０．０５），体温、心率与之相似；２．明星和ＡＡ鸡红细胞数、血红蛋白及ＰＣＶ分别为２．７３±０．３７和２．９３±０．４４百万／ｍｍ３，１１．３±１．３和１２．６±３．４ｇ／Ｌ，４３．６±３．９和４１．７±４．３ｍｌ％，与文献记载均有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；３．两品种的ＭＣＨ、ＭＣＶ分别为３８．８±１４．５和４６．１±８．１ｐｇ，１５９．２±２３．０和１７．１±１３．６Ｕ３，显著高于卢宗藩资料（Ｐ＜０．０５）。明星鸡ＭＣＨＣ低于王文三资料，ＡＡ鸡的高于其数据（Ｐ＜０．０５）；４．白细胞分类计数表明，两品利的嗜酸、嗜碱、异嗜、淋巴和单核细胞均与资料有一定变化。     

白唇鹿血清生化指标测定

测定了３５头青海白唇鹿的１９项血清生化指标。结果为Ｎａ＾２＋１３８．１±５．８４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ＾＋５．７５±０．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃａ＾２＋２．４２±０．２０／Ｌ，Ｐ２．３３±．３８ｍｍｏｌ／，Ｃｌ＾－，１０２．２±６．０３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，总蛋白８７．５０±６．１７ｇ／Ｌ白蛋白５９．１８±６．９６ｇ／Ｌ球蛋白２８．３４±５．２６ｇ／Ｌ，Ａ／Ｇ，２．１９±０．５９，血清蛋白质组分（％）Ａ６７．５７±     

黄河故道沙荒草地生物量及营养价值特性研究

对黄河故道沙荒草地生物量季节变化规律以及牧草营养物质出动态进行了分析，结果表明：（１）沙荒草地牧草生物量的增长呈二次曲线变化规律：ｙ＝１／（３．７９×１０＾－７ｔ＾２－９．３２×１０＾－５ｔ＋７．８３×１０＾－３），并且其生物量在９月份达到最大值；（２）从５月份开始沙荒草地牧草营养价值逐渐降低，且于物质消化率（ＤＭＤ）与其粗蛋白质（ＣＰ），木质素（ＬＩＧ）含量分别表现为显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９４）和     

不同温度挤压膨化全脂大豆对生长猪氮平衡和日粮氨基酸及脂肪酸回肠末端表观消化率影响的研究

为评定膨化全脂大豆的营养价值及膨化加工的最适条件参数,以豆粕加油日粮为对照,分别用１３０℃、１４０℃和１５０℃膨化全脂大豆（北京建中机器厂“Ｂ９９－１”干法挤压膨化机生产,螺旋转速４５０～５５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,大豆水分含量１３．１％）替代对照日粮中１１％的豆粕和全部豆油为试验日粮,同时配制以１４０℃膨化全脂大豆为唯一蛋白质来源的半纯合日粮,用５×５拉丁方进行了５期消化代谢试验,检验上述膨化全脂大豆对生长猪（１８．５±１．５ｋｇ）氮平衡和日粮氨基酸及脂肪酸回肠末端表观消化率的影响。结果表明,各日粮处理间干物质消化率基本无变化。与豆粕加油日粮相比,１３０℃、１４０℃和１５０℃膨化全脂大豆组猪的氮表观消化率分别提高３．７％、２．４％和３．１％;氮利用率分别提高３．３％、３．９％和５．１％;脂肪表观消化率分别提高７．２％、５．７％和５．４％。１４０℃膨化全脂大豆的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸、油酸和亚油酸的回肠表观消化率分别为８５．１％、８７．６％、７０．８％、６５．３％、８８．２％、９５．５％和９７．７％。用膨化全脂大豆替代生长猪日粮中部分豆粕和全部豆油,可改善除缬氨酸和亮氨酸外其它必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.