浅谈动物寄生虫病的综合防治措施

动物寄生虫病的防治工作是个极其复杂的问题 ,由于寄生虫病的发生和外界环境联系密切 ,故防治工作必须以流行病学研究为基础 ,实施综合防治措施 ,才能有效控制或消灭可造成危害严重的寄生虫病 ,促进畜牧业的发展 ,保护人民健康。动物寄生虫病的综合防治措施主要包括两个方面 ,一是对感染寄生虫动物的驱虫 ,二是搞好饲养动物的环境卫生。1　感染寄生虫动物的驱虫1 .1　治疗性驱虫　采用抗寄生虫药物治疗正在患寄生虫病的动物 ,使之恢复健康。驱虫以后 ,必须采取措施防止排出体外的寄生虫的繁殖和病原的散布 ,起到积极的预防 ,故驱虫并非单纯…     

綦江县常见动物寄生虫及寄生虫病防治的调查报告

动物寄生虫病的防治,必须贯彻“预防为主”、“防重于治”的方针,采取综合防治措施。本文通过对当地寄生虫病的流行情况及寄生虫区系的调查,总结出动物寄生虫感染的共同特性,并对动物主要寄生虫病的不同阶段的防治情况进行了总结,制定出切实可行的防治措施。     

羊寄生虫病的综合防制措施

动物寄生虫病是由寄生于动物体的各种病原性寄生虫引发的疾病,由于寄生虫常以一种极为隐蔽的方式对动物进行慢性消耗,对羊的养殖发展造成很大的影响.作为一个以养羊业为主的牧业县,寄生虫是危害养羊健康发展的一个极其重要的因素.因此,如何消除该类疾病的危害就显得尤为重要,但是在具体防治过程中,展开综合防治已经成为主要防控措施.本文就开展动物寄生虫病综合防治措施等方面进行了综述.     

牛羊寄生虫病的防治方法及应用实践微探

本文旨在对牛羊寄生虫病的防治方法及应用实践进行探究。研究中选择了某动物卫生所的监督结果,在问题探究中采用了回顾分析法,对牛羊寄生虫并的防治及方法进行了分析。通过对牛羊寄生虫病的防治,及时发现了寄生虫的存在;通过程序化预防方法的构建,提升了防治效果。通过对牛羊寄生虫病防治方法的构建,可以实现全面的驱治和预防,有效提高综合防治的效果。     

猪胃肠道寄生虫病综合防治措施的研究

目前对猪胃肠道寄生虫病的综合防治愈来愈受到国内广大集约化养猪场的广泛重视，在要猪场进行寄生虫病调查的基础上，我们为该场提出了胃肠道寄生虫病的综合防治措施，为观察防治效果，１９９７年４月对该场再次进行了寄生虫调查。根据结果，发现该场胃肠道寄生虫感染情况明显好转。同时，也发现原综合防治措施尚存着不足，在讨论中我们给予了补充和探讨。     

牲畜常见寄生虫病流行与防治

<正>做好寄生虫病的防治工作是保障养殖业健康发展的一项重要措施,从牲畜常见寄生虫病分类、寄生虫病的感染流行方式及防治基本常识方面进行阐述。寄生虫病是由于寄生虫的侵袭并寄生在动物体表或体内造成的慢性消耗性疾病。寄生虫病常常以隐蔽的方式危害动物的健康,损害其繁殖能力,妨碍幼畜的生长发育,消弱其生产性能,降低畜产品的质量和数量,并影响社会公共卫生。因此,做好寄生虫病的防治工作是保障养殖业健康发展的一项重要措施。     

鱼类寄生虫病危害与防治

随着集约化水产养殖的发展,由寄生虫引起的鱼类流行病频繁暴发,造成了较大的经济损失。本文对鱼类寄生虫病的危害进行分析;同时提出了寄生虫病的综合防治措施。     

鱼类寄生虫病危害与防治

随着集约化水产养殖的发展,由寄生虫引起的鱼类流行病频繁暴发,造成了较大的经济损失.本文对鱼类寄生虫病的危害进行分析;同时提出了寄生虫病的综合防治措施.     

以鸡球虫病为例浅谈动物寄生虫病的防治

动物寄生虫病常以一种隐蔽的方式对动物进行慢性消耗．造成机体生产力下降．对畜牧业造成巨大的损失。由于寄生虫抗原复杂，生活史不单一，以及寄生虫入侵及致病机理的研究不深人等原因使动物寄生虫防治面临很大的困难．本文以鸡球虫病为例浅谈动物寄生虫病防治面临的挑战。     

中药在抗寄生虫上的应用及研究进展

1中药防治动物寄生虫病的优缺点中药防治动物寄生虫病与西药相比,具有安全、环保、不易产生耐药性等优点。传统的治疗体外寄生虫病的药物多为剧毒药物,不能用于水产动物体外寄生虫的防治。而中药符合了上述要求,并能适应人们对农产品低毒、低残留的公共卫生要求,因此在水产动物寄生虫防治方面具有一定的应用前景。此外由于抗寄生虫西药的超量滥用、单一应用等造成了     

The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: global trends

Diseases resulting from zoonotic transmission of parasites are common. Humans become infected through food, water, soil and close contact with animals. Most parasitic zoonoses are neglected diseases despite causing a considerable global burden of ill health in humans and having a substantial financial burden on livestock industries. This review aims to bring together the current data available on global burden estimates of parasitic zoonoses and indicate any changes in the trends of these diseases. There is a clear need of such information as interventions to control zoonoses are often in their animal hosts. The costs of such interventions together with animal health issues will drive the cost effectiveness of intervention strategies. What is apparent is that collectively, parasitic zoonoses probably have a similar human disease burden to any one of the big three human infectious diseases: malaria, tuberculosis or HIV in addition to animal health burden. Although the global burden for most parasitic zoonoses is not yet known, the major contributors to the global burden of parasitic zoonoses are toxoplasmosis, food borne trematode infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, leishmaniosis and zoonotic schistosomosis. In addition, diarrhoea resulting from zoonotic protozoa may have a significant impact.     

张掖市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病感染状况的抽样监测

为了确实掌握张掖市百万头肉牛基地肉牛传染病和寄生虫病感染情况,建立健全百万头肉牛基地的动物卫生防疫体系,有效防治疫病的发生流行,确保百万头肉牛基地健康发展,对全市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病的流行情况进行了摸底调查和实验室检测。通过详细普查,掌握了全市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病发病情况,为有效防控肉牛疫病提供了重要理论依据。     

入境肉种鸡检出衣原体阳性及其处理

目的随着加入世界贸易组织,我国海关检疫压力增大,为了维护国家主权和国际声誉,加强出入境检验检疫势在必行。衣原体病是一种重要的人畜共患病,也给养禽业带来巨大的经济损失,必须给予足够的重视,鹦鹉热衣原体对多种动物宿主有广泛的寄生性引起不同动物的多症候群疾病,是世界动物卫生组织动物名录疾病。方法对入境的一批肉种鸡进行抽样检验,按照中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准用间接血凝检测鹦鹉热衣原体病,做出试验报告。结果经检测出现阳性,肉鸡携带有衣原体病毒。结论根据中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法第二章进境检疫第十六条检出二类传染病、寄生虫病的动物,退回或者扑杀,同群其他动物在隔离场或者其他指定地点隔离观察。     

Integrated and biological control of parasites in organic and conventional production systems.

Organic and other non-intensive animal production systems are of growing importance in several countries worldwide. In contrast to conventional farms, parasite control on organic farms is affected by several of the prescribed changes in management e.g. access to the outdoors in the summer and in most countries, a ban on preventive medication, including use of anti-parasiticides. Organic animal production relies heavily on grazing, and pasture or soil related parasites are thus of major importance. Several studies in northern temperate climate have indicated that outdoor production of pigs, primarily sows, and laying hens results in heavier and more prevalent helminth infections compared to conventional intensive production under indoor conditions. In organic dairy cattle, parasitic gastroenteritis in heifers may be more prevalent. In a short to medium term perspective, integrated control may combine grazing management with biological control using nematophagous micro-fungi, selected crops like tanniferous plants and on conventional farms, limited use of anti-parasiticides. At present, the non-chemotherapeutic control of pasture related infections is based mainly on grazing management strategies. Preventive strategies, where young, previously unexposed stock, are turned out on parasite-free pastures, can be used for grazing first season dairy heifers and in all-in-all-out poultry production. Evasive strategies aim at avoiding disease producing infections of a contaminated area by moving to a clean area and may be relevant for ruminants and pigs. In cattle, effective control of nematodes can be achieved by repeated moves of the herd or alternate grazing with other species. High stocking rates seem to be an important risk factor. In pig production, the effect of paddock rotation on parasite infections is largely unknown and studies are warranted. Control of nematodes by larvae-trapping fungi, or perhaps in the future by egg-destroying fungi, looks promising for ruminants and certain monogastric animals but delivery systems and practical dosing regimes integrated with grazing management have to be developed. In conclusion, good prospects are expected for acceptable parasite control without a heavy reliance on anti-parasiticides through integration of the above mentioned procedures but future studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under practical farming conditions.     

动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测方法研究进展

寄生虫病是较严重的人畜共患病之一,而阿维菌素类药物是目前畜牧业上防治寄生虫病的主要药物。阿维菌素类药物属于大环内酯类抗生素,抗虫药效强大,但也具有神经毒性和发育毒性,脂溶性强,在动物体内分布广泛且代谢周期长,极易造成动物源食品中药物残留的问题,通过食物链危害人类健康。因此,对动物源样品中的阿维菌素类药物残留量进行检测意义重大。目前,应用于动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留分析的方法主要有液相色谱-紫外检测法、液相色谱-荧光检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、液相色谱-串联质谱法等。作者对近年来阿维菌素类药物各种检测方法进行了综述,旨在探究各种方法的优劣,为更精准有效地检测动物源食品中阿维菌素类药物的残留提供参考依据。     

Parasitic miticidal therapy

Parasites are a common cause of dermatological disease in the dog and cat. Knowledge of different miticidal options for the common parasitic diseases is imperative when choosing the appropriate treatment for a patient. This is especially important with the recent advent of safer and more effective antiparasitic medications. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for Cheyletiella spp., Demodex spp., Notoedres cati, Sarcoptes scabei, and Otodectes cyanotis are discussed, with emphasis on protocols for miticidal therapies, as well as safety concerns and side effects. This information will allow the practitioner to choose the safest and most efficient treatment for parasitic skin disease in their small animal patients.     

Parasitic nematodes - from genomes to control

The diseases caused by parasitic nematodes in domestic and companion animals are major factors that decrease production and quality of the agricultural products. Methods available for the control of the parasitic nematode infections are mainly based on chemical treatment, non-chemical management practices, immune modulation and biological control. However, even with integrated pest management that frequently combines these approaches, the effective and long-lasting control strategies are hampered by the persistent exposure of host animals to environmental stages of parasites, the incomplete protective response of the host and acquisition of anthelmintic resistance by an increasing number of parasitic nematodes. Therefore, the challenges to improve control of parasitic nematode infections are multi-fold and no single category of information will meet them all. However, new information, such as nematode genomics, functional genomics and proteomics, can strengthen basic and applied biological research aimed to develop improvements. In this review we will, summarize existing control strategies of nematode infections and discuss ongoing developments in nematode genomics. Genomics approaches offer a growing and fundamental base of information, which when coupled with downstream functional genomics and proteomics can accelerate progress towards developing more efficient and sustainable control programs.     

Integrated control strategies for ectoparasites in Scottish sheep flocks

Ectoparasite infestations of sheep can result in serious animal welfare and financial losses. Many of the veterinary medicines used in their control can be harmful to humans and other species. These undesirable side-effects mean that trade-offs may be necessary and make it difficult to determine ‘the best’ control strategy. This problem is common to many animal health/welfare concerns, and must be addressed if progress is to be made under the Animal Health and Welfare Strategy for Great Britain. This paper describes an approach to such cases using a disease model to identify the financially optimal ectoparasite control strategies at the farm level for Scottish conditions in a climate of changing control restrictions. Our approach takes a wider systems perspective than is usual in cost-benefit studies of animal disease. The findings demonstrate that both flock size and ectoparasite risk are determinants of optimal control strategies. In addition the benefits of livestock biosecurity practices (isolation and treatment of incoming stock) for the control of sheep scab are demonstrated. The importance of dip products for the effective control of ectoparasites is discussed and possible implications if these become unavailable or the cost of their usage increases. Interdependence between stakeholders is highlighted, indicating a need for regional co-operation between farmers and a more integrated approach to control of some farm animal diseases.     

隐孢子虫病及其在牦牛中的流行现状

隐孢子虫病是由隐孢子虫寄生于人或动物所引起的常见寄生虫病,其主要症状为腹泻,是一种人兽共患病,不仅对畜牧业经济生产造成损失,也威胁着人类健康。论文从隐孢子虫病的病原学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断与防控以及该病在牦牛中的流行情况等方面进行综述,可为牦牛隐孢子虫病的研究提供参考。     

牛肺疫临床症状及综合防治

牛肺疫又被称为牛传染性胸膜肺炎,是由肺炎支原体感染引发的急慢性呼吸道疾病,临床上主要表现为呼吸急促,呼吸困难,从鼻腔中流出脓性分泌物,主要对患病牛的肺脏、胸膜和淋巴结造成危害,典型的临床特征是肺小叶浆液性肺炎和肺实质纤维素性肺炎,被国际兽医局划归为A类动物疫病,我国将其划归为一类重大动物疫病,发生流行后,需要执行严格的扑杀、无害化处理制度,逐渐净化牛群,避免疫情进一步扩展蔓延到造成更为严重的经济损失。该文主要论述牛肺疫的临床症状和综合防治措施。