铁皮石斛主要病害的发生与防治技术

<正>铁皮石斛具有生津养胃、滋阴清热等药用价值,而病害的危害是影响铁皮石斛产量与质量的重要因素,常见的病害有炭疽病、疫病、黑斑病、煤污病、黑腐病、褐斑病、叶枯病、白绢病、软腐病、叶锈病、根腐病。1炭疽病1.1发生症状叶片上出现褪绿小点并逐渐扩大,形成深褐     

砂梨主要推广品种对黑斑病,黑星病和轮纹病的抗性调查

本文就湖北地区砂梨主要推广品种对黑斑病、黑星病和轮纹病的抗病性进行了调查研究。结果表明，被调查的１５个砂梨品种中，大部分对３种病害表现为良好的抗病性，仅３个品种对黑斑病表现为感病。     

砂梨主要推广品种对黑斑病、黑星病和轮纹病的抗性调查

本文就湖北地区砂梨主要推广品种对黑斑病、黑星病和轮纹病的抗病性进行了调查研究。结果表明，被调查的１５个砂梨品种中，大部分对３种病害表现为良好的抗病性，仅３个品种对黑斑病表现为感病。     

辣椒病害及防治

辣椒病害及防治罗林钟，莫昌寿（四川省合川市科协６３１５２０）辣椒的病害有疮痂病、炭疽病和白绢病，多在高温多湿的季节发生。辣椒疮痂病又名细菌性斑点病，常引起大量落叶、落花、落果。叶片发病初期，呈水浸状黄绿色小斑点，扩大后变成圆形或不规则形，边缘暗褐色且...     

地瓜黑斑病综合防治

地瓜黑斑病综合防治王德旭山东省莱西市植保站（２６６６００）地瓜黑斑病又称黑疤病，是为害地瓜的主要病害，一般减产１０～１５％，重者减产３０％以上，人畜吃病瓜能引起中毒。防治地瓜黑斑病应采用综合防治技术：①选用抗病品种，培育无病壮苗。抗病较强的品种有：济...     

京郊大白菜霜霉病、黑斑病流行原因分析及防治对策

京郊大白菜霜霉病、黑斑病流行原因分析及防治对策张云曹金娟许波（北京市植物保护站１０００２９１９９６年是京郊继１９８８年以来又一个大白菜病害重发生年。以霜霉病、黑斑病为突出，总体损失接近甚至超过黑斑病发生重的１９８８年。１病害发生危害概况我市大白菜种植...     

从出口芋仔上截获芋黑斑病

从出口芋仔上截获芋黑斑病１９９３～１９９４年福建外贸公司大量出口日本新鲜芋仔Ｃｏｌｏｃａｓｉａｅｓｕｌｅｎｔａ，我们在检疫中多次发现芋黑斑病。此病虽不是检疫性病害，但出现此病后，表面形成黑色病斑，中央凹陷、干瘪，影响外观。在运输过程中相互感染，极易和...     

宜昌市草坪主要病虫发生特点及防治研究

据调查研究，宜昌市草坪的主要病害有高羊茅丝核菌病，高羊茅白粉病，马蹄金白绢病；主要害虫有斜纹夜蛾、贪夜蛾、蚜虫等。本文对其发生特点及防治方法进行了较为系统的报道。     

修文县猕猴桃常见病害种类为害情况调查

通过田间系统调查,采集病害标本,症状观察和病原鉴定,初步明确了修文县猕猴桃生产中的常见病害,其中真菌性病害6种,分别为褐斑病、灰霉病、黑斑病、白粉病、根腐病、软腐病;细菌性病害3种,分别为花腐病、根癌病、溃疡病;病毒病1种;非侵染性病害4种。褐斑病、根腐病、花腐病、软腐病、灰霉病、黑斑病、软腐病发生普遍,根结线虫病、根腐病在猕猴桃苗圃发生较重,根癌病、溃疡病零星发生。     

大白菜病虫害的药剂防治

大白菜病虫害的药剂防治兰素萍李敬朱颖艺丁拉崔中伟（河南省汝州市农技中心４６７５００）大白菜有病毒病、霜霉病、细菌软腐病三大病害，发生为害最重，是防治的重点。另外还有炭疽病、黑斑病、黑腐病、蚜虫、菜青虫、小菜蛾等病虫害，一般结合三大病害防治进行兼治。病...     

Sweet Potato Diseases in Nigeria

Abstract

In Nigeria only six pathogens were recorded on sweet potato in 1966. Between 1973 and 1977 about twenty were documented. These cause various foliage, stem, root and tuber diseases. They include diseases caused by Albugo ipomocac, Phaeoisariopsis bataticola, Pseudocercospora timorensis, Phyllosticta batatas, Septoria bataticola, Corticium sp., Elsinoe batatas, Mcliola clavulata, Coleosporium ipomoeae, Puccinia spp., Uromyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Plenodomus destruens, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizopus stolonifera, Monilochaetes infuscans, mosaic virus and internal cork virus. Detailed studies on the nature of the diseases incited under Nigerian conditions have not been carried out on most of the pathogens. However, there are indications that although the foliar diseases may not be of serious economic importance, the stem, root and tuber diseases may be major contributors to post-harvest loss, a common problem in root and tuber production in Nigeria.     

木霉对土传病原真菌的拮抗作用

 分别在体外及温室测定了筛选菌株哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum(T₈₂)和Tricho-derma sp.(NF9)对土传病原真菌的拮抗作用。体外测定表明,木霉菌株T₈₂和NF₉对白绢病菌Sclerotium rolfsii,立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum刺腐霉P.spinosum和尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum在对崎培养中的拮抗系数分别为2或2~3和2。温室测定表明,用0、6%(W/W)T₈₂麸皮培养物(10⁷cfu/g)处理土壤。在人工接种白绢病菌,立枯丝核菌及瓜果腐霉20天后,黄瓜发病率分别比未用木霉处理的对照减少46、5%,28.4%和81。2%;用T₈₂和NF₉木霉孢子悬浮液(10⁸cfu/ml)处理黄瓜种子,人工接种白绢病菌11天后,黄瓜成苗率分别比未用木霉处理的对照增加14%的20%。分别在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察到木霉T₈₂对白绢病菌菌丝和菌核的重寄生以及木霉T₈₂和NF₉对立枯丝核菌菌丝的缠绕。穿入及寄生。作者认为重寄生可能是试验木霉菌株T₈₂和NF₉对白绢病菌和立枯丝核菌的主要拮抗机制。     

Enhanced Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in Populations of Alfalfa Selected for Quantitative Resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum

ABSTRACT Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. This suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. This study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated according to the rate of necrosis induced by Sclerotium rolfsii following inoculation with mycelium. Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in whole plants was evaluated according to their survival following crown inoculations. Three alfalfa populations previously selected from cv. Delta for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum exhibited enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii, in comparison with Delta or with susceptible populations, in excised leaf tissues. When whole plants of Delta and two of these populations, Sclerotinia trifoliorum resistant (STR) and Mississippi Sclerotinia resistant (MSR), were inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii at 3 to 8 weeks of age, significant (P = 0.01) differences in survival were attributed to plant age at inoculation and alfalfa populations. Survival of both MSR and STR was significantly (P = 0.05) greater than for Delta; the best differential results were obtained by inoculating plants 5 to 7 weeks old. To evaluate relationships of resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii over a broader genetic background, additional populations were selected for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum from four other alfalfa cultivars by leaf-inoculation techniques, and this resistance was confirmed by whole-plant inoculations. In excised leaf tissues, all four of these populations also expressed enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in comparison with either parent cultivars or populations of comparable size selected at random. These results establish that selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also confers enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Results suggest, therefore, that genes for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in alfalfa are likely to be synonymous, overlapping, or closely linked.     

浙江省山茶花病害

 1985-1988年期间对浙江省6地(市)的山茶花进行了详细调查研究,并对病原作了鉴定。在初步确定的20种病害中,分布广泛、为害较重的病害有:炭疽病(Colletotrichum camelliae)、灰枯病(Monochaetia camelliac)、灰斑病(Pestalotia guepini)、赤叶斑病(Phyllosticta theicola)、根腐病(Fusarium ventricosum)。其中灰斑病、枝枯病(Dothiorella ribis)和根腐病为害山茶花以前在我国未见正式报道。文章对山茶花病害的症状作了描述。     

噻呋酰胺240克，升悬浮剂防治花生白绢病田间药效试验

采用喷淋浇灌法开展了噻呋酰胺240克／升悬浮剂防治花生白绢病的田间药效试验。结果表明：噻呋酰胺240克／升悬浮剂对花生白绢病菌有较好的防治效果,药后14d,噻呋酰胺32、64mL／667m^2处理防效分别为49．4％和67．8％,明显优于生产上常用药剂异菌脲50％悬浮剂和多茵灵40％悬浮剂;噻呋酰胺32、64mL／667m^2处理收获后测产分别增产11．0％和17．8％,明显优于两对照药剂,且对花生生长安全,可在生产上推广应用。     

Molecular diversity and fingerprints of Trichoderma associated with antagonistic potentials against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Antagonistic potentials of Trichoderma isolates were evaluated against the phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot in groundnut. The in vitro...     

Exploration of D1/D2 domain of large-subunit ribosomal DNA for specific detection of Sclerotium rolfsii by polymerase chain reaction assay

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Collar rot disease of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an important disease existing in all Amorphophallus growing areas. The...     

水稻叶尖枯病病原种类研究

 从江苏13个县市采集病叶标本,经分离、纯化后获280株菌。据鉴定结果和接种试验,稻生叶点霉(Phyllosticta oryzicola Hara)为主要致病菌,占74.6%。此外,还分离到稻盘多毛孢(Pestalotia oryzae Hara)、链格孢(Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.)、稻喙孢(Rhynchosporium oryzae Hash.et York.)、苍白弯孢(Curvularia pallescens Boed.)、新月弯孢(C.lunata(Walk.) Boed.)、膝曲弯孢(C.geniculata(Tracy et Earle) Boed.)、镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris spp.)、稻黑孢(Nigrospora oryzae(Berk.et Br.) Perch)、球黑孢(N.sphaerica(Sacc.) Mason)等真菌。首次以透射电镜观察表明,稻生叶点霉产孢方式为全壁芽生单体式(hb-sol)。     

Sclerotium rolfsii on Alstroemeria in Alberta, Canada

Sclerotium rolfsii was isolated from diseased rhizomes of greenhouse–grown Alstroemeria ( Alstroemeria sp.) in Edmonton in 1992. The underground portions of the plants were attacked resulting in leaf chlorosis which started on the lower leaves and gradually moved upwards. The characteristics of the isolates from diseased Alstroemeria were compared with those from other crops. This is the first report of S. rolfsii on Alstroemeria in Canada.     

Influence of nitrogen levels and non-chemical management strategies on sheath rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of napier hybrid

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Napier hybrid is high yielding and perennial fodder crop admired by most of the dairy farmers. Sheath rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii has been noticed on...