云南柬埔寨龙血树资源保护与可持续利用对策

柬埔寨龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep.)是重要的中药药用植物,为我国的濒危植物物种[1]。文章阐述云南野生柬埔寨龙血树资源的分布和资源量,大量利用导致野生资源的迅速减少已经成为云南血竭药物生产的"瓶颈";研究和提出了柬埔寨龙血树资源可持续利用的对策。     

“海南龙血树种苗培育与栽培示范推广”项目进展顺利

龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)俗称"不老松",属常绿灌木,是我国珍贵的南药树种之一,从龙血树分泌的树脂可提取中药血竭,有止血、活血和补血等三大功效,     

小花龙血树超临界CO_2萃取物的成分分析

小花龙血树有效成分的研究较少,制约了其进一步的开发利用.采用超临界CO2萃取小花龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)的有效成分,再结合气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)仪对萃取物进行成分分析, 分离并鉴定了其中的51个成分.     

小花龙血树龙血竭提取条件的研究

研究了乙醇回流提取小花龙血树血竭的条件。以龙血素B为指标,用液相色谱定量提取物中龙血素B的含量,通过正交实验得到乙醇回流提取小花龙血树的最佳条件组合为:提取温度60℃,乙醇85%,液料比20∶1,提取时间1.5h。     

小花龙血树超临界CO2萃取物的成分分析

小花龙血树有效成分的研究较少,制约了其进一步的开发利用。采用超临界CO2萃取小花龙血树（Dracaena cambodiana）的有效成分,再结合气相色谱质谱（GC—MS）仪对萃取物进行成分分析,分离并鉴定了其中的51个成分。     

龙血树的研究进展探讨

分析了龙血树的生态特征,从龙血树的繁殖方法、化学成分及药理研究、总RNA提取方法、血竭以及龙血树资源的利用与保护几个方面进行了探讨。     

龙血树的药用价值

龙血树系单子叶植物龙舌兰科常绿乔木。树高达15—20米,分枝多,树冠呈伞形,生长于丘陵顶部和中部盐基物质含量较多,海拔900—1200米之间的石灰岩地区。在我国主要分布在云南南部的孟连、沧源、勐腊等县,广西桂南地区各县。龙血树是提取传统名贵中医内外科要药“血竭”的树种,南北朝时期沈怀远撰写的《南越志》,唐朝苏敬著的《新修本草》中称此药为“麒麟竭”。我国名医李时珍的     

黄藤果实血竭成分的提取和鉴别

通过测定比较黄藤果实粉末样品溶液和血竭高氯酸盐、血竭和龙血竭等,对照了样品溶液的薄层层析图、紫外分光图谱和高效液相图谱.结果表明:黄藤果实粉末薄层层析图有一个斑点与血竭相同,但与血竭素高氯酸盐和龙血竭都不同;黄藤果实粉末紫外分光图谱有2个峰与血竭和血竭素高氯酸盐相同,但与龙血竭完全不同;黄藤果实粉末高效液相色谱图有1个峰与血竭素高氯酸盐和血竭相同,但与龙血竭完全不同.据此可知黄藤果实粉末组成成分与血竭部分相同,与龙血竭完全不同,黄藤果实粉末是否具有血竭的功能还需要进一步研究.     

园林观赏植物新秀——龙血树

龙血树(Dracaena Loureiri)属龙舌兰科植物,又名山海带、山铁树、犸猫蔗。天然多见分布于广西龙州凭祥、宁明、崇左、靖西、大新等县及海南省、越南、柬埔寨等东南亚各国也有分布。常绿灌木状,高2—3米,叶聚生于枝顶四周,长剑形,     

“活血圣药”龙血竭

正龙血树是全球最长寿的树种,古朴沧桑,树型奇特。它最早出现于白垩纪恐龙时代,被誉为植物中的"活化石"。联合国教科文组织将它列为保护树种。其树皮一旦被损伤,会在微生物作用下产生树脂,染红木质部位,渗出的汁液为深红色,犹如血液一般,故得名龙血树。红色树脂有许多作用,自古被当作药物、染料。红色树脂是中国重要的传统南药——龙血竭,被     

Antitumor activity of Dioscorea bulbifera L. rhizome in vivo

Antitumor activities of water extract (fraction A), ethanol extract (fraction B), ethyl acetate extract (fraction C), non-ethyl acetate extract (fraction D) and compound diosbulbin B isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB) were investigated in vivo in this present study. The results showed that fractions B and C both decreased tumor weight in S180 and H22 tumor cells bearing mice, while fractions A and D had no such effect. Furthermore, fraction C altered the weight of spleen and thymus, and the amounts of total leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils in tumor-bearing mice. Further results showed that compound diosbulbin B demonstrated anti-tumor effects in the dose-dependent manner at the dosage of 2 to 16 mg/kg without significant toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, on the basis of chemical analysis of the above extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD), diosbulbin B was found to be the major antitumor bioactive component of DB. These results suggest that DB has potential anti-tumor effects which may be related to influencing the immune system for the first time, and the compound diosbulbin B is the major antitumor component of DB.     

五种彩叶植物光合日变化研究

采用美国生产的LCI便携式植物光合测定仪测定自然生长的红龙草、黄金榕、变叶木、红背桂和鹅掌柴等5种彩叶植物的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Gi）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔限制值（Ls）等光合特征值的日变化。结果表明：红龙草、黄金榕和变叶木的Pn、Gs和Tr日变化曲线呈“单峰”型，其Pn、Gs和0在10：00达到高峰；红背桂和鹅掌柴的Pn、Gs和Tr日变化曲线呈“双峰”型，其Pn、Gs和Tr分别在10：00和16：00达到高峰，且第1个高峰值大于第2个高峰值。5种彩叶植物的Ci日变化均先降后升，红龙草、黄金榕和变叶木的Ci在14：00出现低谷，红背桂和鹅掌柴的Ci在10：00出现低谷。5种彩叶植物的Ls日变化均先升后降，红龙草和变叶木的Ls在14：00迭最高值，黄金榕的Ls在12：00达最高值，红背桂和鹅掌柴的Ls在10：00达最高值。     

小叶臭黄皮的化学成分研究

从小叶臭黄皮(Clausena excavata Burm F.)的茎和叶中分离得到10个单萜基香豆素,分别鉴定为7-((E)-3'-甲基-4'-(8'-羰基-7',9'-烯-呋喃)-2'-烯)-香豆素(1)、7-((E)-3'-甲基-4'-(7'-甲基-8'-羰基-6'-烯-呋喃)-2'-烯)-香豆素(2)、7-((E)-3'-甲基-4'-(7'-甲基-6'-亚甲基-8'-羰基-呋喃)-2'-烯)-香豆素(3)、7-((E)-3'-甲基-4'-(9'-羟基-8'-羰基-6'-烯-呋喃)-2'-烯)-香豆素(4)、7-(3'-甲基-4'-(7'-甲基-8'-羰基-6'-烯-呋喃)-2',3'-环氧丁烷)-香豆素(5)、7-(3'-甲基-4'-(9'-羟基-8'-羰基-6'-烯-呋喃)-2',3'-环氧丁烷)-香豆素(6)、7-(3'-甲基-4'-(7'-甲基-7'-羟基-8'-羰基-6'-烯-呋喃)-2',3'-环氧丁烷)-香豆素(7)、7-(3'-甲基-4'-(7'-甲基-8'-羰基-呋喃)-2',3'-环氧丁烷)-香豆素(8)、5'-羟基葡萄内酯(9)和7-((E)-7'-羟基-3',7'-二甲基-2',5'-二烯)-香豆素(10),2个四降三萜,鉴定为11β-羟基-1α-乙酰基黄柏酮(11)、11β-羟基黄柏酮(12)和1个木脂素,鉴定为(-)-丁香脂素(13)。其中化合物11和13为首次从该植物中分离得到。测定了化合物1、2、3、11和12对癌细胞株A549、Hela和BGC-823的细胞毒活性,及其对白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑菌活性。结果显示,化合物1对Hela和A549均有细胞毒活性,其半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))值分别为11.26和13.55 mg/L,化合物3对BGC-823有细胞毒活性,其IC_(50)值为16.65 mg/L,5个化合物对白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均没有抗菌活性。     

火炬松人工林抚育间伐效果的研究

对广东省英德县桥头镇低丘台地上，初植密度为１２３０株／ｈｍ＾２的７年生火炬松人工林进行了不同间伐强度的试验，间伐２年后的结果表明：不同间伐强度对火炬松人工林的胞径、树高、单株材积和单位面积蓄积量均有显著影响，对单位面积积蓄积总量则无显著影响。     

Benzophenone glycosides and epicatechin derivatives from Malania oleifera

A new benzophenone C-glycoside, malaferin A (1), and two new epicatechin derivatives, malaferin B (2) and malaferin C (3), together with five known compounds were isolated from Malania oleifera. In addition, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-benzoate (6) was isolated for the first time from a natural resource. Structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All of the compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities.     

不同人为干扰强度对米槠林乔木层组成和物种多样性的影响

本文从乔木层组成和物种多样性角度探讨不同人为干扰强度(天然米槠林CK、A级择伐更新、B级皆伐迹地天然更新、C级皆伐迹地人工促进天然更新和D级杉木林)对福建武平米储林恢复的影响.结果表明CK、A级和B级乔木层都是以米储为优势种,C级顶极种米槠处于第2优势种,阳性树种裂斗锥处于第1优势种,而D级受人工种植的影响乔木层优势种发生根本性变化而以杉木为优势种;通过乔木层组成和物种多样性分析,随着人为干扰强度的加大种类组成、各科含种数、各科含属数和各属含种数上升到B级或C级后下降或直接下降,而物种多样性指数和均匀度呈线性下降、优势度呈线性上升.特别是D级杉木林乔木层由于以人工种植杉木为优势种控制着整个群落的性质和环境、导致分析的各方面指标与天然米槠林CK相距甚远,目前较难恢复到米槠顶极群落,其余更新方式将能恢复到米槠顶极群落.     

Five novel naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids with growth inhibitory activities against human leukemia cells HL-60, K562 and U937 from stems and leaves of Ancistrocladus tectorius

Two new 7,6′-coupled naphthylisoquinolines, namely ancistrotectorines A (1) and B (2), two new 5,3′-coupled naphthylisoquinolines, namely ancistrotectorines C (3) and D (4), and one new 7,8-coupled naphthylisoquinoline, namely ancistrotectorine E (5), together with 9 known naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, hamatine (6), ancistrobertsonine B (7), ancistrocladinine (8), hamatinine (9), ancistrotanzanine A (10), ancistrotanzanine B (11), ancistrotectoriline B (12), 7-epi-ancistrobrevine D (13), and ancistrotectorine (14), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Ancistrocladus tectorius. Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR and MS). Compound 5 exhibited inhibitory activities against HL-60, K562 and U937 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 1.70, 4.18 and 2.56 μM respectively.     

Antimicrobial activity of Symplocos cochinensis.

The methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem barks of Symplocos cochinchinensis and their fractions obtained by partition (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate) were screened for antimicrobial activity. All the crude extracts and fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, that was enhanced on fractionation. None of them showed activity against the tested moulds.     

Furanosesquiterpenes from Commiphora sphaerocarpa and related adulterants of true myrrh

A new furanosesquiterpene, (1E)-8,12-epoxygermacra-1,7,10,11-tetraen-6-one (3), was isolated from the resin of Commiphora sphaerocarpa together with the known compounds curzerenone (1), furanodienone (2), (1E)-3-methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra-1,7,10,11-tetraen-6-one (4), (1(10)E,2R*,4R*)-2-methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra- 1(10),7,11-trien-6-one (5), and dihydropyrocurzerenone (6). Hydrodistillates of the resins of C. sphaerocarpa, C. holtziana, C. kataf and C. myrrha were analysed. The identifications were aided by NMR, GC and GC-MS.     

马鹿花化学成分研究初探

对马鹿花根及种子化学成分的提取、分离及鉴定进行了研究初探，结果 得到5个化合物，初步鉴定为大豆素（A）、大豆苷（B）、葛根素（C）等异黄酮类化合物，豆甾醇（D）和β－谷甾醇（E）等甾体类化合物，为马鹿花的开发利用提供科学的理论依据。