不同株高玉米品种部分群体质量指标对种植密度的反应

试验采用双因素裂区设计,主处理选先玉335、郑单958和高优1号3个不同株高品种,副处理设45000,53250,61500,69750和78000株/hm25个密度,从产量及其结构、叶面积动态、干物质积累与分配、库源关系和群体整齐度等方面研究阐述了不同株高紧凑型玉米品种群体质量指标在密度影响下的变化特点。结果显示,穗粒数、株高整齐度、单株干重、结实率、籽粒库充实度、粒叶比和产叶比等指标因密度处理的变异系数均呈现高秆品种大于中秆、中秆大于矮秆的规律性变化;生育后期叶面积衰减速率,源与库的相对地位、其平衡关系因密度处理的变化趋势也以品种株高不同而不同。高秆品种适宜密度和经济系数低,群体质量易受增密的负作用影响;矮秆品种对密度反应相对迟钝,但单株生产力有限;中等株高品种合理密植,花后干物质积累量大、理论产量高,对密度反应适中,是夏玉米理想的品种类型。     

农艺因素对杂交棉浙杂166纤维产量和品质的影响及若干生理性状的杂种优势

在三个地区进行了大田试验和盆栽试验,研究农艺因素对杂交棉浙杂166的纤维产量和品质的影响及杂交种若干生理性状的杂种优势。结果表明,最佳种植密度和氮肥用量因地区而异,金华点要比杭州和慈溪要求较低的种植密度和较高的氮肥用量;播种日期以4月15日播种地膜覆盖的处理铃数最多。从纤维产量和衣指上看,最适密度和氮肥用量分别为每公顷4.5万株和180kg,播种日期为杭州和慈溪为4月15日,金华为4月20日,播种后全部地膜覆盖。不同密度、氮肥用量及播种期之间,纤维品质无显著差异,但慈溪点表现为N1(135kg·hm 2)处理的纤维长度显著低于其它氮肥用量较多的处理。叶绿素含量(以SPAD表示)生育期间变异很大,在初花期和吐絮期,杂交种浙杂166高于其双亲和常规品种泗棉3号,而在盛花期和结铃期恰好相反。杂种及其双亲的MDA含量在生育期间也表现出较大的变化,且杂种的变化模式与不育系相似,表现为蕾期较低,而初花期及此后保持较高。与双亲相比,浙杂166具有明显的SOD杂种优势,生育期间的变化模式也与不育系相似。     

不同林龄杂交楝(Azadirachta indica×Melia azedarach)人工林土壤水土保持功能研究

为了明确林龄对杂交楝（印楝×苦楝）人工林土壤水土保持功能的影响,通过测定土壤持水能力、渗透能力和抗蚀能力来综合评价不同林龄杂交楝人工林保持水土功能。结果表明,随着杂交楝林龄增加,林地土壤孔隙结构得到改善、持水性能增加、渗透能力增大,提高了土壤水稳性指数,增加了土壤抗蚀性,土壤水土保持功能得到增强。3年生杂交楝林分的土壤持水性能、渗透能力和抗蚀性与1年生林分之间无显著差异,5年生杂交楝林地各指标均比1年生和3年生林分有显著提高。5年生杂交楝林地的土壤最大持水量、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、平均渗透速率和水稳性指数分别比1年生林地增加18.6%、11.4%、19.8%、45%、30.1%。因此,种植杂交楝可以在短期内提高林分的土壤水土保持功能,在山地丘陵地区值得大力发展杂交楝。     

Effect of High Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) Sowing Rates on Establishment Year Yield, Stand Persistence and Forage Quality

The effect of very high sowing rates on establishment year dry matter (DM) yield and stand persistence of irrigated lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) was studied. Two cultivars ('Peace' and 'Apollo II') were sown in 1986 at two row spacings and six sowing rates from 5.6 to 50.4 kg ha⁻¹. Established seedling density (S_d) increased linearly with sowing rate (R):S_d= 24.1R. Establishment year DM yield increased at sowing rates from 5.6 to 16.8 kg ha⁻¹, levelled off as sowing rate increased to 33.6 ka ha⁻¹, and then decreased as sowing rate increased further. Thus, there was a broad optimum sowing rate that gave a maximum sowing year DM yield. Percent plant survival to the third year (1988) decreased with increasing sowing rate so that plant densities became similar for sowing rates greater than 16.8 kg ha⁻¹. Within the range 5.6 to 16.8 kg ha⁻¹, increasing sowing rate increased stand persistence measured as 1988 plant density; however, a corresponding increase in DM yield was not obtained. For all full-production years, DM yield was independent of sowing rate. Sowing rate did not affect three chemical measures of forage quality.     

Moisture Stress Effects on the Yield and Water Use of Sorghum Hybrids and their Parents*

Little is known of the relationship between hybrids and parental material with respect to water use and drought resistance. Responses of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) F₁ hybrids to moisture deficits are partially determined by parental material. The yield and water use of six sorghum hybrids and their respective male and female parents were evaluated under stressed and well irrigated conditions during 1980 and 1981 at Tucson, Arizona. The soil was Comoro loamy sand (coarse-loamy, mixed, calcareous, thermic typic Torrifluvent) with an average available soil moisture of 16 % at field capacity. Changes in soil moisture were monitored semi-weekly by neutron modulation. Meteorological data were collected daily. The 1980 season had higher maximum temperatures and pan evaporation than the 1981 season. Differences in cumulative water use among entries were apparent within the same water treatments during 1981. Mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) for the stressed treatment was 248 and 281 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively, and ET under well irrigated conditions was 419 and 528 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively. Hybrids produced greater grain yield than their parents under both water treatments. This was due to greater seed number for hybrids. Seed numbers were more stable for hybrids over both treatments than for parents. Hybrids four and seven had the greatest grain yield in 1980 and 1981, respectively, under stressed conditions. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly different within water treatments but was not so between the irrigated and stressed treatments. Hybrids WUE was generally greater than that of parents except for hybrid five under irrigated conditions in 1981. Hybrids with WUE and stable yields were not necessarily reflective of parental material under stressed and non-stressed environments.     

Impact of Water Stress on Maize Grown Off-Season in a Subtropical Environment

During the last decade, the production of off‐season maize has increased in several regions of Brazil. Growing maize during this season, with sowing from January through April, imposes several climatic risks that can impact crop yield. This is mainly caused by the high variability of precipitation and the probability of frost during the reproduction phases. High production risks are also partially due to the use of cultivars that are not adapted to the local environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate crop growth and development and associated yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) for maize hybrids with different maturity ratings grown off‐season in a subtropical environment under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Three experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil with four hybrids of different maturity duration, AG9010 (very short season), DAS CO32 and Exceler (short season) and DKB 333B (normal season). Leaf area index (LAI), plant height and dry matter were measured approximately every 18 days. Under rainfed conditions, the soil water content in the deeper layers was reduced, suggesting that the extension of the roots into these layers was a response to soil water limitations. On average, WUE varied from 1.45 kg m⁻³ under rainfed conditions to 1.69 kg m⁻³ under irrigated conditions during 2001. The average yield varied from 4209 kg ha⁻¹ for the hybrids grown under rainfed conditions to 5594 kg ha⁻¹ under irrigated conditions during 2001. Yield reductions under rainfed conditions were affected by the genotype. For the hybrid DKB 333B with a normal maturity, yield was reduced by 25.6 % while the short maturity hybrid Exceler was the least impacted by soil water limitations with a yield reduction of only 8.4 %. To decrease the risk of yield loss, the application of supplemental irrigation should be considered by local farmers, provided that this practice is not restricted by either economic considerations or the availability of sufficient water resources.     

Phenotypic Changes in Grain Sorghum Over the Last Five Decades

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm³ kg soil^?1 year^?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant^?1 year^?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions.     

Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low‐Cost Microcontroller‐Based Monitoring System

In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high‐temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance.     

The Relation between Stand Density and the Structure of Spring Rape (Brassica Napus L.)

The relation between stand density and structure of spring rape ( Brassica napus L.) was described with the aid of comprehensive measurements of structure. The structural components measured were plant height, stem diameter at root collar, site of the lowest pod on the main raceme, number of pods on the main raceme, site of the lowest branch on the main stem, number of primary branches and number of pods on the branches. The experiment was conducted at two nitrogen levels, 110 and 180 kg ha', and was replicated in 3 years, 1988, 1989 and 1990. Stand density was varied by using five different seeding rates and the number of plants m^-2 evaluated immediately prior to harvest was used to express the stand density. In the years considered, the densities varied between 16 and 520 plants m^-2. The relationship between plant density and rape plant structure was adequately described each year by a mukivariate second degree polynomial model. Varying the nitrogen application rate seemed to have no influence on this relationship. Denser plant stands produced thinner and shorter plants, the shortening occurring in the pod-producing section of the main raceme. Further, with increasing stand density, the number of branches decreased as did the number of pods on the branches and on the main raceme. These changes in plant structure retarded at densities over 150—200 plants m^-2. This seems to be the minimum density that should be achieved in rape stands.     

不同栽植密度杂交稻分蘖成穗规律及其穗部性状研究

（河南信阳市农业科学研究所,河南信阳 464000）     

Evidence for a ‘uniculm effect’ in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a mediterranean environment

Summary The concept of the uniculm habit as an important feature of a wheat ideotype for a mediterranean environment was evaluated under field conditions. A uniculm plant produces a single shoot and when sown in a stand exemplifies a non-tillering crop with a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season. Yield and harvest index of normal tillering spring wheat was compared with that of the same crop surgically detillered throughout the growing season to a constant density of 2 shoots per plant. The use of a biculm, whilst retaining the uniculm principle of a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season, permitted comparison on a single crop sowing at normal field density.The control plots followed the usual pattern of tillering for the region attaining a maximum of about 4.0 shoots per plant by early spring. Shoot number declined to 2.3 and 2.6 per plant by maturity in 1978 and 1979, respectively.Detillered plots outyielded the controls by 14 per cent in 1978 (2.05 v. 1.80 tonnes ha^-1) and 22 per cent in 1979 (1.84 v. 1.51 tonnes ha^-1). Harvest indices were 0.39 v. 0.35 in 1978 and 0.30 v. 0.24 in 1979 for detillered and control plots, respectively.Higher leaf area indices and better water relations after anthesis in biculm stands indicated more efficient water use when shoot population was controlled at near optimum level. Irrigation at anthesis reduced the difference in yield between detillered and control plots.Although the uniculm principle was demonstrated with biculms in practice control of shoot number will require the use of genetic uniculms.     

Effects of Population Density on the Yield and Yield Components of Leafy Reduced-stature Maize in Short-season Areas

Maize hybrids which yield well, mature earlier and tolerate higher population densities better than the currently available hybrids would be more suitable for production in short-season areas. Leafy reduced-stature maize hybrids, which have only recently become available, have traits which address these criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different population densities (50000, 100000, 150000, and 200000 plants ha⁻¹) on the yield and yield components of one leafy reduced-stature (LRS), one non-leafy reduced-stature (NLRS), and two conventional control hybrids (Pioneer 3979, <2500 CHU; and Pioneer 3902, 2600–2700 CHU) at two locations. All hybrids had the highest kernel number per row and single plant grain yields at the lowest population densities, however, as plant density increased these variables decreased more in the conventional hybrids than the LRS and NLRS hybrids, which demonstrates the greater tolerance of the latter to the stresses associated with higher plant densities. Grain yield was highest for all hybrids, except for NLRS, at 100 000 plants ha⁻¹ with the LRS hybrid and Pioneer 3902 having the highest yields (11.4 vs. 9.8; 12.0 vs. 10.4) at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The LRS hybrid matured before either of the conventional hybrids and out yielded Pioneer 3979 at both sites. Harvest index was not affected by population density and this value was not different among the NLRS and conventional hybrids. However, the harvest index of the LRS hybrid was greater than the others. LRS and NLRS hybrids had lower moisture contents and earlier maturities than conventional hybrids. Rapid growth of the first ear, a higher yield per unit leaf area, and a higher harvest index are indications that LRS hybrids should be more tolerant of higher population densities than the conventional hybrids.     

湘西桤木人工林蓄积量模型及适宜经营密度研究

密度是表达林分结构的重要指标,立地条件、树种及林龄不同时,其林分最佳密度也不相同。笔者以湘西桤木人工林为研究对象,采用数量化方法I和非线性回归分析方法,对2009年和2010年调查的78块标准地数据进行数据分析处理与建模。结果表明：（1）平均高、公顷株数、土层厚度、龄组、坡向、坡位、自然灾害、海拔、树种组成8种因子中,平均高、公顷株数、土层厚度和龄组对湘西桤木人工林平均木材积和单位面积蓄积量均有显著性影响,而海拔和树种组成对湘西桤木人工林平均木材积和单位面积蓄积量均无显著性影响。这对建立桤木人工林蓄积量与密度、平均高收集数据时提供理论指导,同时既能节省外业调查费用,又能保证建模数据的科学性。（2）建立了湘西8~10年桤木人工林蓄积量与密度、平均高相关关系模型： ,建模精度为96.8458%,平均相对误差为1.1334%。模型适应性检验表明,残差值呈对称均匀分布,其平均相对误差为-1.2156%。（3）该地区8~10年桤木人林的最佳经营密度为800~1000株/hm2。这对于合理地经营和管理湘西桤木人工林具有重要的理论和实际指导意义。     

Effect of Soil Moisture on Relative Leaf Water Content, Chlorophyll, Proline and Sugar Accumulation in Wheat

The responses of four wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to soil moisture were determined by measuring plant parameters such as relative leaf water content (RLWC) and the chlorophyll, proline and sugar contents of the leaf over two seasons. Two levels of irrigation treatments were adopted: irrigated and rainfed. The rainfed plants had consistently higher amounts of proline and sugar but lower RLWC and chlorophyll content. As drought intensified, differences between the irrigated and the rainfed plants with respect to all of these characters increased. The RLWC values of the irrigated plants were significantly higher in the morning but lower values were found at noon, showing some recovery in the afternoon.     

几种植被能量平衡的差异

根据１９８９年４－１０月的观测资料,分析了晋西黄土高原地区几种主要植被之间能量平衡的差异。结果表明,不同植被间反射率差异明显,在太阳总辐射差别不大的情况下,各下垫面得的净辐射差异显著,有效辐射的差异相对较小;不同植被之间土壤热通量（Ｑｓ）、显热通量（Ｈ）、潜热通量（ＬＥ）都存在一定的差异。在潜热通量的日间变化过程中,草地和刺槐林没有“午休”现象,而油松林和沙棘林有明显的“午休”现象。刺槐林的日平均     

三个超高产夏玉米品种的物质生产及光合特性

探明不同株高、穗位高具有超高产潜力(>15 000 kg hm^-2)夏玉米品种的物质生产及光合特性,有利于密植增产。本研究在多年高产试验基础上(连续3年达15 000 kg hm^-2以上),选用了登海661 (DH661,低秆低穗位)、登海701(DH701,中秆中穗位)和先玉335 (XY335,高秆高穗位) 3个具有超高产潜力的品种进行试验。在一般高产条件下,这3个品种间产量无显著差异,但干物质生产特性的模型解析表明,DH661的产量潜力高于DH701和XY335,其活跃生长期比XY335长近3周。开花后光合特征参数显示,DH661光合作用与光能利用效率明显较高,尤其是当XY335进入生理功能速衰期时(开花后28 d),DH661仍处于缓慢下降阶段,且具有较高的光合速率和光能利用效率,DH661的这一特性表明其具有更高的产量潜力。     

Genetic and environmental influences on chickpea water‐use efficiency

Chickpea is a major crop grown for its nutritional value, and it is used for both food and feed. However, terminal drought greatly reduces grain yield in many chickpea producing areas. The impacts of drought could be mitigated by adapting chickpea genotypes with higher water‐use efficiency (WUE). To assess genetic variation for WUE, contrasting genotypes were sown in two moisture regimes (well‐watered and water‐limited) and two tillage regimes (tillage and no‐tillage) in north‐western NSW across two consecutive seasons. The well‐watered and no till treatments were higher yielding than their respective rainfed and tillage treatments. Genotypes did not differ (p < 0.05) in their water use but differed significantly in their WUE, and a significant genotype‐by‐moisture treatment effect was observed. The heritability of WUE was higher under tillage (71.3% for tillage under rainfed conditions and 73.0% for tillage and irrigated conditions) than no‐till (43.3% for no till under rainfed conditions and 36.4% for no‐till and irrigated conditions), and no significant genotype‐by‐tillage interaction was observed.     

不同熟期玉米不同粒位籽粒灌浆和脱水特性对密度的响应

研究密度对不同熟期玉米品种不同粒位的籽粒灌浆和脱水特性的调控效应,为陕北灌区春玉米密植高产机械粒收技术提供依据。于2018—2019年以中熟品种先玉335(Xianyu 335)和晚熟品种东单60(Dongdan 60)为材料,设置45,000(D1)、60,000(D2)、75,000(D3)、90,000(D4)株hm^–2四个种植密度,分析其不同粒位籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,密度的增加能显著提高不同熟期品种玉米籽粒产量,其中2018年2个品种均在D4处理下达到最高产量;2019年先玉335和东单60分别在D4和D3处理下达到最高产量,2年平均最高产量分别为18,739 kg hm^–2和17,111 kg hm^–2,较D1处理产量分别提高了32.2%和27.7%。随着种植密度的增加,不同粒位的籽粒灌浆速率降低,粒重减小,脱水速率加快。在D4种植密度下,先玉335下部和上部籽粒平均灌浆速率较东单60分别高0.08 g d^–1和0.04 g d^–1,粒重较东单60分别高3.6 g和1.6 g。生理成熟时不同粒位的籽粒含水率与吐丝到生理成熟间有效积温呈显著正相关,总脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著。先玉335不同粒位的籽粒脱水速率快,且下部和上部籽粒平均脱水速率较东单60高0.006和0.005%℃d^–1。与下部籽粒比,上部籽粒灌浆速率低、灌浆期长、粒重小、后期脱水快、含水率达到28%和25%所需积温少。可见,2个品种籽粒灌浆和脱水特性对增密的响应其上部籽粒更敏感;与东单60相比,先玉335密植下籽粒灌浆速率高,粒重大,且后期脱水速率快。因此,选择中熟品种结合适宜增密能够实现陕北灌区玉米密植高产机械粒收生产。     

Diallel analysis of competition between some barley species and their hybrids

Summary Plants from four species of barley, H. agriocrithon, H. spontaneum, H. distichum, H. intermedium, and their F₁ hybrids were grown together in a mechanical diallel and competitive effects were investigated by the application of the diallel analysis technique of Durrant (1965).There was no evidence of hybrid vigour when the hybrids were grown as pure stands but in binary mixtures the hybrids, considered overall, were more vigorous than their parents. Although this relationship was not complete the hybrids grown with the parents formed the most productive class, exceeding by 24% the combined mean grain yield of the parents grown alone and in parental mixtures.In the eight characters investigated there was a tendency for compensation to occur between the mixture components but this was far from complete (i.e. an increase in one component was not precisely balanced by a decrease in the other). Those genotypes with large pure stand values tended to become smaller and, in compensation, the smaller genotypes larger. Since, however, the compensation was not complete the mixture means tended to be lower than the mean of the components in pure stand. The converse was found to be true for yield of grain.The principal response to competition is for each genotype to be either uniformly suppressed or enhanced in the presence of an associated genotype, the strength and direction of this response being given by the value calculated for each genotype. The values were negatively correlated with their pure stand values (e.g. plants with a high dry weight when grown alone were depressed more than plants with a low dry weight when grown alone, and vice-versa). There was, however, no correlation between the pure stand value and the value in respect of yield and 100-seed weight.Although both H. agriocrithon and H. spontaneum were found to be poor competitors, only those hybrids derived from crosses with H. spontaneum have this poor competitive ability transmitted: hybrids involving H. agriocrithon are intermediate in competitive ability between their parents. Again, the hybrid formed between the two advanced barleys H. distichum and H. intermedium produces a hybrid of lower competitive ability than either parent.The poorer competitors tend to produce fewer tillers and, as a consequence have a lowered seed output per plant when associated with other genotypes in mixtures. Grown in pure stand the weak competitors tend to be multi-tillering and to have a high output of seeds.The plastic responses of other characters associated with yield, together with those such as ear emergence and height are also discussed. One hybrid, (s×d), a cross between H. spontaneum and H. distichum is of particular interest in that although a poor competitor it is nevertheless very high yielding when grown in pure stand. Furthermore, its suppression in mixtures is not sufficiently great as to reduce its overall ranking compared with its associates when aggregate yield is considered. Analytical techniques such as those described here could be of use to the plant breeder in his search for high yielding, compatible genotypes, of low competitive ability. The technique may also be used to test breeding procedures.     

Grain Yield of Intercropped Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Influenced by Sorghum Genotype and Cropping Pattern

Intercropping of sorghum and pearl millet with different growth cycles is used widely in third-world countries to ensure and increase yields. However, it is questionable whether yield increases because of intercropping can be maintained under more developed systems, since temporal differences are necessary to allow mechanized planting and harvesting.
Three sorghum hybrids with expected growth cycles from 90 to 110 days were planted in sole stands and in alternate rows and mixed within the rows with a pearl millet hybrid having a growth cycle similar to that of the early sorghum. Sole stands of millet also were included. The plots were planted at three locations in Kansas, two dryland and one including dryland and irrigated. Results show that yields were consistently highest in sole stands of sorghum, owing to the higher yield level of sorghum. No yield increase could be found on a land equivalent ratio basis, indicating no intercropping advantages. However, under good moisture conditions, a tendency toward yield increase was observed with the later maturing sorghums, which had 1–2 weeks of grain filling after the millet was mature. When moisture supply was insufficient, millet showed higher competitiveness for water than sorghum, and sorghum was adversely affected more than pearl millet was favored. It was concluded that moisture conditions have to be good and that temporal differences between sorghum and millet have to be greater than those used in this experiment to achieve intercropping yield advantages.