兽用药敏纸片的制备及其抑菌效果分析

[目的]旨在探索常用的兽用药敏纸片的制作方法,节约药敏试验成本。[方法]选取兽医临床上常用的青霉素G、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、链霉素、头孢噻呋钠6种抗生素药物,按照治疗量（标记1×）、2倍治疗量（标记2×）和4倍治疗量（标记4×）3个浓度梯度制备药敏纸片。然后利用自制药敏纸片与市售药敏纸片进行药敏试验,对比其抑菌效果。[结果]除头孢噻呋钠外,其余5种常见抗菌药物的2倍治疗量自制药敏片与市售药敏纸片抑菌效果一致。[结论]该试验制备的常用兽用药敏纸片的方法是成功的。     

胎衣不下及子宫炎不同治疗方法对荷斯坦牛繁殖性能的影响

[目的]胎衣不下及子宫炎影响奶牛正常子宫复旧,进而影响后续繁殖性能。以子宫健康和繁殖表现为依据,评价胎衣不下、产后子宫炎及子宫内膜炎不同治疗方法的临床效果。[方法]本试验为回归分析试验,在牧场收集胎衣不下、产后子宫炎及子宫内膜炎牛只治疗方案,按临床症状、发病天数及用药方式进行分组,收集这些牛只后续产后疾病（产后子宫炎、子宫内膜炎）发病情况及始配天数,首配受胎率,产后90天怀孕率,产后120天怀孕率,产后150天怀孕率及空怀期判断不同治疗方案的治疗效果。[结果]胎衣不下病牛使用头孢噻呋钠治疗,产后子宫炎发病率均显著升高;具有全身症状的产后子宫炎病牛,使用头孢噻呋辅助氟尼辛葡甲胺治疗,子宫内膜炎发病率仍高于健康牛,但可提高其产后90天怀孕率;子宫内膜炎病牛经直肠子宫按摩同时采用长效土霉素子宫灌注,首配受胎率、产后120天怀孕率和产后180天怀孕率与健康牛无显著差异。[结论]胎衣不下病牛使用头孢噻呋钠治疗,不能完全预防产后子宫炎;对于发烧的产后子宫炎病牛,使用头孢噻呋钠辅助氟尼辛葡甲胺治疗,可降低后续产后疾病发病率,并在一定程度上提高繁殖性能;子宫内膜炎病牛经直肠子宫按摩同时采用长效土霉素子...     

伊犁地区牛巴氏杆菌病流行病学调查与药敏试验

分别在昭苏县内的发病牛群中采集患病牛肺、肝、脾、肾、心和鼻腔分泌物,进行细菌的分离鉴定,成功分离出巴氏杆菌1株;同时进行了流行株致病性试验、药敏试验,并对筛选出的敏感药物进行了临床治疗试验。结果表明,分离到的巴氏杆菌对氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋钠、卡那霉素等药物敏感。分别用氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋钠和卡那霉素对15例发病牛进行临床治疗试验,结果显示氧氟沙星组没有死亡,头孢噻呋钠组死亡1头,卡那霉素组死亡2头,治愈率分别为80％、60％、60％;有效率分别为100％、80％、80％。     

铁岭某奶牛场牛乳房炎乳汁中金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了解铁岭某奶牛场牛乳房炎乳汁中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,采集该牛场20头奶牛30份乳房炎的乳样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,并选取临床应用最广泛的12种抗菌药物的自制药敏片和商品化标准药敏片,采用圆纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法)进行药敏试验。结果发现,分离到的16株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌,对青霉素钠、土霉素、氨苄西林钠、阿莫西林钠及红霉素等药物具有不同程度的耐受性,建议停用;对硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸链霉素、盐酸林可霉素等中度敏感,可交替临床用药;对乳酸环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋及硫酸庆大霉素等高度敏感,可用于治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床用药。本研究结果为该牛场对乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌感染的诊断及治疗药物的选择提供了科学依据。     

某规模化猪场母猪子宫内膜炎病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了研究某规模化猪场子宫内膜炎病原菌的类型及筛选可用于临床的敏感药物,试验对该猪场的4头母猪子宫脓液进行病原的分离、鉴定和药敏试验。结果表明:从4份脓液中共分离到4株细菌,经培养特性、生化鉴定和动物试验鉴定为溶血性不动杆菌1株、铜绿假单胞菌1株、产碱杆菌2株,且均有较强的致病性;15种药物中,溶血性不动杆菌仅对先锋霉素、头孢氨噻和痢特灵高度敏感,铜绿假单胞菌和产碱杆菌对左氧氟沙星、氟哌酸和恩诺沙星高度敏感,对其他药物的敏感度各不相同。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

采集蓬莱某养鸡场疑似鸡白痢病死鸡的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏等作为病料,进行细菌的分离、生化鉴定、血清型鉴定及药敏试验。试验结果表明,分离得到的3株分离株均是鸡白痢沙门氏菌,其血清型分别为2株O_9、1株O_12。药敏试验结果表明:分离株对头孢噻呋和阿米卡星高敏;对卡那霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素中敏;对环丙沙星和链霉素低敏。因此头孢噻呋和阿米卡星可以很好的作为该养鸡场预防和治疗鸡白痢的药物,然而其他抗生素可以减少其使用量或停用。     

山西省雁门关地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌药敏试验

为给山西省雁门关地区舍饲养殖场奶牛子宫内膜炎的科学防治提供依据,对该地区引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要致病菌进行药物及消毒剂的敏感性试验。结果发现,90%以上的主要致病菌株对氟苯尼考、左氧氟沙星敏感;80%~90%的致病菌株对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星敏感;70%~80%致病菌株对多黏菌素B、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、阿莫西林等敏感;小于60%的菌株对林可霉素、磺胺六甲氧、复方新诺明耐药;过氧乙酸、新洁尔灭、高锰酸钾、过氧乙酸戊二醛复方消毒剂、戊二醛等对90%以上的菌株有杀灭效果;100%的菌株(繁殖体和芽胞)对聚维酮碘耐药;100%的芽胞与43.28%的繁殖体对百毒杀耐药。说明氟苯尼考、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星等抗菌药可有效治疗本地区的奶牛子宫内膜炎;过氧乙酸、高锰酸钾、新洁尔灭等消毒剂可有效杀灭环境中的致病菌,从而预防本地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的发生。     

黑龙江省鸡西地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及耐药性研究

从黑龙江省鸡西地区部分奶牛场选取25头临床诊断为子宫内膜炎的患牛,并从这25头患牛体内分离得到39株细菌,其中大肠杆菌17株、葡萄球菌13株、链球菌5株、其他菌4株。耐药性试验表明,大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌都对头孢曲松钠和头孢噻呋钠敏感,对庆大霉素比较敏感,对其他几种常用抗生素存在不同程度耐药性。     

致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定及致病性与耐药性检测

为分析2018年-2020年广州地区规模化猪场致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌的致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,采集患子宫内膜炎母猪的子宫化脓性分泌物样品177份,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定。采用人工感染动物试验、PCR和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测金黄色葡萄球菌的致病性、血清型和耐药性。结果表明,分离得到了96株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中72株能引起小鼠发病与死亡,具有致病性;分离的72株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌以荚膜5型(52.8%)为主要流行血清型,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素等9种药物的耐药率在58.3%～95.8%之间;对头孢噻肟、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等5种药物耐药率在11.1%～29.3%之间。说明从该地区分离的72株致母猪子宫内膜炎金黄色葡萄球菌以荚膜5型为主要流行血清型,耐药性严重。     

中药益真灵制剂治疗母猪子宫内膜炎的研究

为了研究中药益真灵制剂对母猪子宫内膜炎治疗效果,将泗阳某猪场发生子宫内膜炎的16头母猪的采样病料经过细菌分离培养、生化试验,确定病原为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等3种细菌混合感染,然后对3种病菌分别进行药敏试验.最后动物试验,将病猪随机分成2组,每组8头,第1组采用青霉素G、链霉素、鱼腥草混合制剂对病猪肌肉注射治...     

In vitro sensitivity of Hungarian Actinobaculum suis strains to selected antimicrobials

In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 12 Hungarian isolates and the type strain ATCC 33144 of Actinobaculum suis to different antimicrobial compounds was determined both by the agar dilution and by the disc diffusion method. By agar dilution, MIC50 values in the range of 0.05-3.125 micrograms/ml were determined for penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, tylosin, pleuromutilins, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. The MIC50 value of oxytetracycline and spectinomycin was 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. For ofloxacin, flumequine, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim MIC50 values were in the range of 25-100 micrograms/ml. With the disc diffusion method, all strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins examined, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, tetracyclines examined, pleuromutilins, lincomycin and tylosin. Variable sensitivity was observed for fluoroquinolones (flumequine, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), most of the strains were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Almost all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides but most of them were sensitive to spectinomycin. A strong correlation was determined for disc diffusion and MIC results (Spearman's rho 0.789, p < 0001). MIC values of the type strain and MIC50 values of other tested strains did not differ significantly. Few strains showed a partially distinct resistance pattern for erythromycin, lincomycin and ampicillin in both methods.     

Short communication: effects of a gonadotropin application on seasonal subfertility in pigs

In this study the reproductive performance of weaned sows in a large production unit was evaluated during periods of high (> 35 degrees C) summer temperatures. Only weaned sows of parity 2-6 (a total of n = 3386) were evaluated in two groups in 13 replicates: Group 1 (n = 1694): The sows were treated subcutaneously with 400 I.U. of Gonadotropinum sericum (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, PMSG [eCG]) and 200 I.U. of Gonadotropinum chorionicum (human choriongonadotropin, HCG [hCG]) on the day of weaning. Group 2: (n=1692). The sows received subcutaneously 4 ml of physiological NaCl solution on the day of weaning. Weaning to service intervals, regular and irregular returns to service, farrowing rates, and subsequent litter sizes were evaluated. Control sows had longer (P < 0.01) weaning to service intervals and more (P < 0.01) regular returns to service during hot weather periods compared with the gonadotropin treated sows. Irregular returns to service were low and showed no significant differences between the treated and non-treated sows (1.4+/-0.3 % vs. 1.5+/-0.4 %). Farrowing rates and litter sizes were significantly (P < 0.01) better in the treated compared with the non-treated sows.     

Multiple oxytocin application increases the predictability of prostaglandin induced farrowing in swine

In a large Croatian commercial unit, 1204 of parity 2-7 late pregnant sows were from January till Mai 2002 randomly assigned to four farrowing groups and treated as follows: Group one (n = 302 sows) received a single perivulvar injection of 175 g cloprostenol at day 113 of pregnancy. The remaining animals have received a treatment as group one and were additionally treated with 10 IU of oxytocin intramuscularly 6 hours after prostaglandin application (Group two, n = 311), or with 10 IU of oxytocin 6 and 12 hours later (Group three, n = 291), or 10 IU of oxytocin 6, 12 and 18 hours later (Group four, n = 300). Onset of farrowing, duration of parturition, total born litter size and stillbirth rate were evaluated. Except total born litter size, combined oxytocin + cloprostenol treated sows revealed significantly (p < 0.01) better results as the only with cloprostenol treated ones. Multiple oxytocin application increased the predictability of farrowing. The application of multiple oxytocin injections following prostaglandin partusinduction are recommended for batch farrowing of sows in large production units.     

赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用的研究

为了探究赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,采用微量肉汤稀释法与微量棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与赤芍水提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、磷霉素、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、利福平联合作用后的FICI分别为0.27、2.50、1.02、1.01、3.00、0.28、1.02、1.02、1.02、2.02、1.02、0.75、0.56、0.75、0.50、3.00、0.75、0.38。结果表明赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平联合作用时有协同作用;与林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶联合作用时有相加作用;与阿莫西林、左旋氧氟沙星、加替沙星、阿奇霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星联合作用时表现为无关作用。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks and the efficacy of ceftiofur treatment.

The in vitro susceptibilities of 50 field isolates of Riemerella anatipestifer from ducks to ceftiofur and 16 other commonly used antimicrobials were determined. The MIC90 values (MIC refers to minimum inhibitory concentrations) for the antimicrobials used in this study are as follows: penicillin was 16 microg/ml; ceftiofur was 32 microg/ml; cephalothin, chloramphenicol, flumequine, and kanamycin were 64 microg/ml; nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and sulfamethoxazole were 128 microg/ml; amikacin, ampicillin, gentamicin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were > or = 256 microg/ml. The therapeutic efficacy of ceftiofur against a highly lethal experimental R. anatipestifer infection in ducks was also evaluated. All experimental ducks were infected through the infraorbital sinus with 1 ml of 9 x 10(9) CFU of R. anatipestifer. Ceftiofur (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 5 hours after infection. A single dose of 2 mg/kg resulted in 73% survival as compared with 10% survival in the infected, but untreated controls.     

The effect of intravaginal applied gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on different oestrous parameters and reproductive performance in post weaned sows

In a Hungarian large breeding unit, 481 weaned sows were assigned to three groups and were treated as follows. Sows in Group 1 (Control, n=161) were artificially inseminated (3.01 +/- 0.4 times) during their standing reflex; sows in Group 2 (n=160) were artificially inseminated 3 times at 12-hour intervals, independent of detection of oestrus and immediately after administration of a GnRH-agonist at 96 hours postweaning; and sows in Group 3 (n=160) were artificially inseminated 3 times at 12-hour intervals, beginning at their standing reflex after administration of a GnRH-agonist. Pre-trial daily average lactational feed intake, average daily feed intake from weaning to oestrus, oestrus within 6 days of weaning (%), ovulation within 6 days of weaning (%), wean-to-oestrus interval (h), duration of oestrus (h), follicle size (mm), interval from oestrus to ovulation (h), subsequent day 24 pregnancy rate (%), farrowing rate (%) and total number of pigs born were evaluated. Pre-trial average daily voluntary lactational feed intake was 7.1 +/- 0.5 kg in Group 1, 7.2 +/- 0.4 kg in Group 2, and 7.3 +/- 0.7 kg in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Average voluntary daily feed intake from weaning-to-oestrus was 4.3 +/- 0.9 kg in Group 1, 4.2 +/- 0.8 kg in Group 2, and 4.1 +/- 0.5 kg in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Oestrus was detected within 6 days of weaning in 143 (88.8%) sows in Group 1, 143 (89.4%) sows in Group 2, and in 142 (88.8%) sows in Group 3. Follicle size did not differ (P > 0.05) among the groups. In Group 1, 83.2%, in Group 2, 90.6%, and in Group 3,91.3% of the sows ovulated within 6 days of weaning (P < 0.05), but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in 24 Day pregnancy rates (81.4%; 91.3%; and 92.5%). Farrowing rates were in Group 1, 84.5%, in Group 2, 91.3%, in Group 3, 91.9% (P > 0.05). Wean-to-oestrus interval was 115.5 h in Group 1, 114.9 h in Group 2, and 115.7 h in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Duration of oestrus was significantly shorter in Group 2 (41.9 h) and Group 3 (42.1 h) than in Group 1 (68.3 h) (P < 0.001). Similarly, the interval from oestrus to ovulation was significantly different (P < 0.01) between the groups (Group 1, 49.0 h Group 2, 32.0 h, and Group 3, 31.1 h). Sows in Group 2 (12.7) and Group 3 (12.6) had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) number of pigs born than sows in Group 1 (n = 10.9). The interval between oestrus and ovulation was highly and positively correlated (r = 0.83) with the duration of oestrus.     

复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究

利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。     

Probable ceftiofur-induced cutaneous drug reaction in a cow.

A cow with pyelonephritis was treated with ceftiofur (3 mg/kg body weight, IV, q12 h). Hair loss and pruritis were observed after 8 and 12 d of treatment, respectively. Ancillary laboratory tests supported a diagnosis of allergic disease. Clinical signs and laboratory test results normalized after ceftiofur administration was stopped.     

透骨草水提物与抗菌药对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外联合抑菌作用研究

为了探究透骨草水提物与抗菌药联合对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用二倍微量肉汤稀释法与微量方阵棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与透骨草的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用后的FICI分别为0.75、0.75、1.00、0.75、0.53、0.51、0.75、4.5、4.5、4.5、4.5、2.5。结果表明,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平联合作用时有相加作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用。