高山杜鹃研究进展

从国内外对高山杜鹃种质资源调查、群落学特性、生长生理、繁殖等几方面作了简要介绍。目前多数种质资源调查集中在我国西南横断山区,西南地区是杜鹃花科植物重要的模式标本产地。通过引种驯化,一些广布种在低海拔地区生长良好,可在杂交试验中作为育种的优秀亲本。在无性繁殖方面,已有多种高山杜鹃建立并优化了快繁技术。引种地的高温干旱会极大地影响高山杜鹃的生长发育,一些研究认为,选育耐热性较好的品种和喷施外源激素可适当增加高山杜鹃的抗逆性。为配合市场需求,生产中对部分品种采用调节温度、喷施药物等方式进行花期调控并获得一定效果。高山杜鹃是常绿阔叶林群落组成中的优势种,但多样性指数较低,是一个简单、不稳定、抗干扰能力弱的群落,需人工干预该种群的顺利更新和长期稳定。     

Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Floral Diversity and Distribution in the High Altitude Cold Desert of Ladakh,India

This study deals with the floral diversity and distribution patterns in plant species in relation to environmental gradients in the high altitude cold desert of Ladakh, India. An extensive literature survey and field explorations were made across the different parts of Ladakh in order to create a compilation of vascular plant species. For the quantification of vegetation, a total of eight habitat types were identified and sampled using the point intercept method. In all, 647 species of vascular plants belonging to 58 families and 243 genera were documented. Asteraceae (89 species), Poaceae (66 species), Brassicaceae (54 species), and Fabaceae (43 species) were the dominant families. Astragalus was the most dominant genus as it obtained 24 species, followed by Polygonum (18 species), Artemisia (15 species), and Potentilla (14 species). Among the habitats, riverine beds contained the highest frequency of plant species, followed by narrow gorges and tablelands. The crags and ridges had the lowest frequency of plants. Relatively high water and moisture availability may be the cause of the high frequency of plant species in riverine beds and narrow gorges. The vegetation composition was influenced by elevation; however, the intensity of change reduced at >4500-m elevation. The conservation and management of high altitude cold desert vegetation are discussed based on field observations and findings.