冬小麦花药愈伤组织无性系株高遗传研究

从Ｈ１花药单倍体试管苗基部，取尚未分化绿苗的胚性愈伤组织建立的体细胞无性系，获得４丛Ｒ１结实株系。从田间Ｒ２的观察中发现，Ｒ１的４株后代中有１株４个穗繁衍的８６个单株发生了变异，Ｒ２的株系变异率为２５％。经过这株变异的Ｒ２、Ｒ３的株高连续观察发现：株高变异范围均很大，并有超亲现象，Ｒ２的变异大于Ｒ３；穗系间和穗系内的变异均极显著，穗系间变异大于穗系内变异；Ｒ３有８．１４％的株系已稳定；Ｒ２和Ｒ３的     

化学杀雄剂Ⅲ号诱导水稻雄性不育过程中幼穗、颖花、花药中核酸和蛋白质代谢研究

在幼穗发育的雌、雄蕊形成期,用化学杀雄剂Ⅲ号(30mg/m2)处理水稻后,研究其幼穗、颖花,花药中蛋白质和核酸的代谢特点.在处理后第5天的幼穗中,核酸和蛋白质含量明显低于对照,而相应水解酶活性明显高于对照.随幼穗发育,这种特点越来越显著,至处理后第15天,花药中核酸总量、DNA、RNA含量和蛋白质含量比对照低40%以上,而相应水解     

贵农系列小麦新品种的选育

８０年代后期,我们先后育成了贵农１０号,贵农１１号（原名贵丰一号）,贵农１２号等三个小麦新品种。三个品种中均有综抗矮２号,绵阳１１号,苏麦３号,Ａ５５２,Ｍａｒｉｓ ＴｅｍＰｌａｒ等亲本血缘。贵农系列小麦品种均属弱冬性,多穗型品种,每公顷有效穗可达１．５￣１．７万穗,穗粒数４０￣５０料,千粒重４０￣４５ｇ,公顷产达６３００￣７６５０ｋｇ,株高８０￣９０ｃｍ中早熟,穗长方型、长芒、红粒。抗旱,抗寒性强;高抗白粉病、条地为霉病。杆锈病均免疫,籽粒粗蛋白质含量１５．６％￣１７．９％,赖氨酸含量０．４０％￣０．４４％;湿面筋含量２６．５％￣２９．３％;适宜贵州高寒山区及周边省市高寒山区种植推广。自１９８７￣１９９９年,在个品种在省内外累计示范推广面积达１０６．６７万公顷。属贵州省两次大的小麦更新品种。累计增产小麦达３７     

三高甜菜颗粒粕饲料喂羊试验

研制三高甜菜颗粒粕饲料，克服了普通甜菜颗粒粕的营养缺陷，提高了饲用价值。通过小群与生产性大群试验，表明三高颗粒粕饲料能促进幼龄羊生长发育，体长与胸围的增长达到极显著水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），增重提高３０．１３％－３４．１６％，增重效果极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。每公斤增重可节省草料１．２８－１．３０ｋｇ，能量和蛋白质的消耗分别减少１６．２％－１８．８％和１２．６％－１６．８％，经济效益显著地高于对照组，具     

谷子品种资源营养品质分析及抗病性鉴定

对１５７９谷分子品种资源的蛋白质、脂肪含量进行了分析,并对其中的１４６８份进行了谷瘟病抗性鉴定,结果表明,谷子品种蛋白质含量多集中在１１．７５％￣１４．７４％,脂肪含量在３．０４％￣４．５４％,且两者存在极显著的正相关;抗谷瘟病品种占参试品种的５０％以上。     

不同植物营养生长调节剂对小麦籽粒效应的研究

小麦孕穗期叶面喷施植物营券生长调节剂ＭＳ增抗剂，ＰＣＲ和９０６，有促粒增重，缓解灌浆期小穗间籽粒营养竞争，穗粒数提高１．４￣２．１粒，穗重提高４９．１ｍｇ￣３．０ｍｇ增产作用显著，顷净增产３４９￣９４９．５ｋｇ，增幅８．９％￣２４．１％。     

夏玉米新品种冀单33的选育

冀单３３系我院玉米室以京７为母本，７９０３８为父本于１９９０年杂交选育而成的早熟玉米单交种。１９９８年经河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。１特征特性该杂交种苗期生长势强，叶片绿色，叶鞘紫色。生育期８７天，株形较紧凑，抗病性强。株高２３０ｃｍ，穗位高９０ｃｍ，穗长１６～１８ｃｍ，穗粗４．５ｃｍ，穗行数１４～１６行，行粒数３８个左右，子粒黄色，出子率８３．２％，千粒重３００ｇ左右。经河北省农作物品种品质检测中心测定，子粒含蛋白质１０．５１％，赖氨酸０．２８％，脂肪３．８４％，综合评定品质上等。２　产量…     

小麦未熟胚离体培养的研究—再生植株后代籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白亚？…

采用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和半微量凯氏定氮法，对在形态学特征和穗部产量构成因子已稳定的小麦胚培无性系ＩＥ５代醇溶蛋白，谷蛋白亚基和蛋白质含量进行测定和分析的研究。结果表明，小麦籽粒胚乳醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白电泳谱带发生较大变化，出现三种变异类型；（１）增加新谱带；（２）亲本原有特异性谱带缺失；３）亲本原有特异性变带强度改变，高分子量和低分子量蛋白亚基发生变化，籽粒蛋白质含量出现范围较广（９．７５％     

小麦新品种川农16与川育16株系比较分析

对川农16与川育16及其杂交组合后代的农艺性状和品质性状进行分析，结果表明：8个F5株系在基本保持亲本川农16穗数型特点的同时，穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重3个性状则趋于亲本川育16。株系S491-8蛋白质含量（13．24％）明显高于亲本川农16（11．35％）和川育16（11．81％），其余7个株系蛋白质含量与亲本相当。8个F5株系的沉降值、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量及面筋指数比川农16和川育16均有所提高。     

果形剂影响富士苹果果实形状试验初报

对５年生宫崎短枝富士苹果，于盛花期和幼果期，用１５０￣２００倍果形剂浸花浸果，结果表明，果形剂能显著改变果实形状，并对果实有明显的增大作用，对品质的影响不大。处理好的果实，果形加长、高桩、萼突五梭不明显，与对照比，果形指数提高了０．０７￣０．１３；单果重提高了１４．３０￣４５．２３ｇ；斜果率降低了１７．８９％￣２２．３３％，差异均显著；可溶性固形物含量与对照差异不显著。以１５０倍果形剂在花期和幼果     

Somatic embryogenesis from floral tissue of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

The aim of this study was to examine the embryogenic potential of floral material of the cassava cultivar MCOL 1505. Macerated immature inflorescences were found to be highly embryogenic, with almost 78% of the explants producing somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were also produced from whole male florets and half florets although at much lower rates. No regeneration was obtained from anther, microspore or floret wall tissue. Somatic embryos derived from immature inflorescences were regenerated via organogenesis and the plants derived from this process were assessed in terms of phenotype and ploidy level. If haploid plants could be produced by this method, this would have significant implications in assisting traditional cassava breeding, as this would allow homozygosity to be reached more rapidly. In a crop such as cassava, which is highly heterozygous in nature, the use of haploids in a breeding programme could considerably shorten the time taken to produce new desirable cultivars. This is the first report on plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from floral tissue of cassava. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Morphological variations and isoenzyme polymorphism of date palm clones from in vitro culture acclimatized and established on soil in South Morocco

Five clones of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) corresponding to three reputed Moroccan cultivars (BFG, JHL and BSK) and two selected seedling genotypes (S16 and S35), derived from in vitro culture, were acclimatized and planted in Errachidia soil (South Morocco) in 1989. After 10 years of culture, clones were evaluated on the presence/absence of the two principal morphological characters (offshoots, inflorescences). Then, their leaf extracts were subjected to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in order to determine their isoenzyme polymorphism. Inflorescence formation is relatively more frequent in the clones S16 and S35 than in clones JHL and BSK. Clone BFG showed an intermediate situation. High isoenzyme variations were found for the oxidoreductases (peroxidases (POX) and polyphenoloxidases (PPO)), the transferase (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)) and the hydrolases (esterases (EST) and endopeptidases (ENP)) enzymes. The factorial component analysis exhibited a negative correlation between the two principal morphological characters (presence of inflorescences and offshoots formation). Date palm clones typified respectively by high inflorescences and high offshoots formed two separated groups showing each one some isoenzyme characteristics. All morphological and enzyme variations were discussed in respect to the genotype effect on the micropropagation process.     

培养基对小麦单倍体胚成苗率的影响

为筛选出适宜小麦单倍体幼胚生长的培养基,提高小麦单倍体胚成苗率,将小麦×玉米远缘杂交得到的小麦单倍体幼胚接种在8种培养基上,每种培养基上接种2个材料,平均值用于数据分析。8种培养基中幼苗平均产生率分别为：46.07%、45.90%、34.11%、41.15%、37.99%、36.91%、37.70%和52.51%。结果表明1/2MS +1.0 mg/L KT+3.0 mg/L多效唑+100 mg/L肌醇+5%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,pH 5.8培养的幼胚成苗率最高,白化苗率低,且单倍体苗的长势较好,有利于培育壮苗。以1/2MS为基本培养基,加入微量的多效唑、KT、肌醇以及较高浓度的蔗糖可以有效促进幼胚生长。     

2,4-D浓度对玉米花粉诱导小麦产生单倍体幼胚得胚率的影响

在玉米花粉诱导普通小麦产生单倍体技术中,2,4-D浓度是影响幼胚得胚率的重要因素之一.为了确定2,4-D的适宜浓度,利用9个玉米材料和16个小麦材料进行了研究.在小麦散粉前和散粉后,授玉米花粉后12h和36 h分别用150、200、250、300、350 mg/L的2,4-D蘸穗2次,调查数据显示,散粉前处理得胚率平均值分别为6.74%、7.19%、8.44%、7.53%和6.61%;散粉后分别为2.53%、3.11%、4.70%、2.81%和2.67%.结果表明,小麦散粉前授玉米花粉后用250 mg/L的2,4-D处理得胚率最高.     

我国部分主推小麦品种组织培养再生能力评价

小麦细胞工程育种和基因工程育种存在强烈的基因型特异性, 从目前推广的优良小麦品种中筛选不同外植体再生能力强的基因型, 对于提高小麦生物技术育种效率和加速育成品种的生产应用具有重要意义。本研究以全国大面积推广的24个优良小麦品种和抗白粉病优良品系CB037为材料, 连续2年进行花药培养、幼胚培养和成熟胚培养, 统计愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率和植株再生率, 分析、评价这些小麦品种(系) 3种外植体的组织培养再生性能。结果表明, 25个小麦品种(系)花药、幼胚、成熟胚的植株再生率分别为0~41.75%、2.25%~531.92%和3.24%~84.34%, 基因型差异显著; 组织培养再生能力以幼胚最强(119.79%), 成熟胚其次(36.23%), 花药最弱(4.91%)。CB037的3种外植体组织培养再生效率均最高, 轮选987、扬麦16、内麦836、科农199、新春6号、郑麦366、郑麦9023、新冬20、烟农19和川麦42幼胚培养植株再生能力表现较强, 新春6号、京冬8号、石麦4185、科农199和轮选987成熟胚培养植株再生率较高, 石麦4185和邯6172花药培养绿苗诱导率较高。小麦组织培养效率与基因型和外植体类型密切相关, 不同品种同一外植体再生能力差异显著, 同一品种不同外植体再生能力也存在显著差异, 并且3种外植体的组织培养再生能力不存在相关性。本研究筛选到不同外植体再生能力较好的优良小麦基因型, 可进一步用于小麦转基因育种和单倍体育种。     

冬小麦幼胚一步成苗技术优化研究

为实现冬小麦幼胚一步苗移栽于夏季大田加代,本试验以‘济麦20’、‘烟优361’、‘泰农18’、‘中优9507’以及（‘济麦20’ב烟优361’）F1的幼胚为材料,分别选用11~13天、14~16天和17~19天3种胚龄的幼胚接种在MB、A和B三种培养基上,经离体培养一步成苗。研究结果表明,在9种接种试验处理中,11~13天接种于A培养基上出苗率最高,平均出苗率为98.30%,14~16天幼胚接种于MB培养基上,获得较高的出苗率（平均95.80%）,17~19天幼胚接种于B培养基上,出苗率最高,平均出苗率为95.20%;17~19天幼胚接种于MB培养基上,出苗率最低（平均16.20%）。14~16天幼胚接种于MB培养基上,不仅出苗率较高,而且胚苗根较长,侧根较多,表明14~16天幼胚适宜接种于MB培养基。     

Chromosome doubling of pear haploid plants and homozygosity assessment using isozyme and microsatellite markers

The improvement of perennial fruit trees through traditional breedingmethods is a long-term effort because of their long generation time. Theproduction of haploid and doubled haploid plants should offer newpossibilities for genetic studies and breeding work. In this study, haploidclones of pear were treated in vitro by oryzalin for chromosomedoubling; the level of ploidy was assessed by flow cytometry. Oryzalinappeared to be an efficient agent for chromosome doubling, the optimalconcentrations range from 200 to 300 M. For homozygosityassessment, analyses of isozyme markers were carried out, together withmicrosatellite markers PCR-amplified with primers initially developed forapple. The use of isozyme markers confirmed homozygosity of all thedoubled haploid clones except for one. The microsatellite markers can beused earlier than isozymes for checking homozygosity during theprogramme of haploid and doubled haploid clones production. Truedoubled haploid clones of pear were obtained in less than one year andtheir acclimatisation in greenhouse has already started.     

Production of Haploid Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by Culturing Unpollinated Ovules

The culture of unpollinated ovules is shown to be a suitable system for the production of haploid sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The yield of haploids depended upon the genotype and varied between 0 and 13 % with a mean of 1.0 %. Haploid plants could be produced from approximately 50 % of all genotypes examined. The majority of the haploids isolated (about 90%) maintained the haploid genome level during the in vitro culture and propagation; 10% of the haploid clones showed a spontaneous doubling to the diploid genome level.     

冬小麦幼穗不同发育期不同穗段离体培养的效应

本文主要研究了四个小麦品种不同长度的幼穗及幼穗不同穗段离体培养的效应.结果:(1)取长为0.1厘米、0.3厘米的幼穗全穗、或穗长为0.5厘米的幼穗上段或下段、或穗长为1.0厘米的幼穗上、中、下三段离体培养,愈伤组织诱导率均达100％;取穗长为2厘米的幼穗上、中、下段离体培养,愈伤组织诱导率分别为34％、80％和94％;取穗长为3厘米的幼穗上、中、下段离体培养,愈伤组织诱导率分别为14％、38％和58％.(2)用长1厘米以上和长0.1厘米的幼穗高体培养,其愈伤组织主要是分化根;将长0.3～0.5厘米的幼穗愈伤组织直接转移到分化培养基上,植株分化率为78.8％     

A comparison of grain protein content QTLs and flour protein content QTLs across environments in cultivated wheat

The protein content of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important determinant factor of the nutritional value of the grain and the technological properties and rheological properties of flour. In order to examine the genetic basis of protein content, we searched for grain protein content quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and flour protein content QTLs in a newly developed doubled haploid (DH) line and identified the genetic correlation between grain protein content and flour protein content in the same DH population. Both the DH population and its parental lines were evaluated for grain protein content and flour protein content in three field trials. Four additive effect QTLs, two pairs of epistatic QTLs, and two QTLs × environment (QE) interaction for grain protein content were identified. The model explained 51.52% of the phenotypic variation (PVE), with epistatic effects being better explained by the higher PVE than additive effects. Four additive effect QTLs, five pairs of epistatic QTLs, and one QE were detected for flour protein content. The model explained 45.8% of the PVE. Of the 15 QTLs identified, three additive QTLs and one pair of epistatic QTLs were determined for both grain protein content and flour protein content; of these, the QTLs for protein content were considered to be more 'stable' than those detected for only grain protein content or for only flour protein content. The data reported here may be useful for manipulating the QTLs for protein content by marker-assisted selection in future wheat breeding programs.