番茄对氮磷钾及中微量元素的吸收规律研究

通过田间试验研究了番茄生长过程中对氮、磷、钾及中微量元素的吸收分配规律。通过试验,测定番茄各个时期根系、茎秆、叶片、果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量,旨在发现番茄各时期矿质元素的吸收规律。研究表明:随番茄生长发育的进行,氮、磷、钾及中微量元素在根、茎、叶中的分配率均呈降低的趋势,而果实中各元素分配率持续提高。至番茄成熟期果实中氮、磷、钾分配率分别达44.89%、56.73%、54.25%,钙、镁分配率分别达19.9%、53.9%,铁、锰、铜、锌分配率分别达31.8%、19.0%、27.8%、9.0%。番茄全生育期吸收钾最多,氮次之,磷最少,全生育期对氮、磷、钾吸收比例为3.0∶1.0∶4.7;对钙、镁吸收比例为8.1∶1;番茄全生育期对铁需求较大,锌、锰次之,铜最少,吸收比例为38.6∶2.9∶1∶2.0。     

籽粒苋不同富钾基因型矿质营养元素含量的研究

采用水培试验,研究了在两种供钾水平(K,0.5mmolL-1和5.0mmolL-1)条件下4个不同籽粒苋品种植株体内矿质营养元素的含量及其变化。同时,还在低钾条件下,测定了不同籽粒苋品种根、茎、叶中矿质营养成分的含量和构成情况,结果表明:(1)籽粒苋各品种氮、钾含量随着供钾水平降低而减少,一般基因型氮钾含量降幅大于富钾基因型;在相同供钾水平条件下,富钾基因型的氮钾含量均高于一般基因型,而相同基因型的不同品种间氮钾含量则相近。籽粒苋各品种氮主要分布在根和叶中,其次是茎;磷大量分布在根,其次是叶,再次是茎;钾主要存在于茎中,根和叶次之。(2)籽粒苋钙、镁、硫含量随着供钾水平的升高而降低,富钾基因型镁、硫含量低于一般基因型。籽粒苋不同品种的钙、镁主要分布在叶片中,其次是茎和根;硫在根中的分布最少,叶中最多。(3)不同品种B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素含量随着供钾水平的降低而升高,灰分含量则降低。富钾基因型B、Fe、Zn及灰分含量都高于一般基因型,而Cu的含量则是一般基因型高于富钾基因型。4个籽粒苋品种的硼、铜主要存在于叶片中,其次是根,茎含量相对前两者要小;铁、锰、锌在根的含量最高,叶片次之,茎最低,根系中铁的含量分别是叶和茎的7倍左右和10倍以上。     

养分缺乏对紫云英苗期生长及氮磷钾吸收的影响

溶液培养条件下研究氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫缺乏对苗期紫云英外部形态、生长发育、养分吸收的影响。结果表明,养分供应不足均不同程度地抑制了苗期紫云英生长,表现出特定的缺素症状。氮、磷、钙、镁缺乏显著降低紫云英株高16.4%～54.0%,而钾和硫缺乏无显著影响。氮和钙缺乏使根长分别减少31.9%和22.5%,其他养分缺乏对根长无显著影响。大量矿质元素(硫除外)缺乏使紫云英地上部干重显著降低22.0%～60.7%。根部干重受不同养分缺乏影响不同,氮、钙和镁缺乏后显著降低23.4%～51.6%,磷和硫缺乏后分别增加40.6%和18.8%,而缺钾对根干重无显著影响。单株干重随养分缺乏的变化趋势与地上部类似,除镁外其他元素缺乏均显著增加根冠比。紫云英苗期叶绿素含量在氮、钙、镁和硫缺乏时显著降低,缺钾和磷时无显著变化。受养分缺乏胁迫时,紫云英苗期地上部氮、钾含量(除了钾、硫缺乏时的氮含量及磷、镁缺乏时的钾含量)通常显著降低,紫云英磷含量仅在缺磷时显著降低。6种大量矿质养分缺乏一般导致紫云英氮、磷、钾累积量显著降低。聚类分析表明,溶液培养条件下钙和氮缺乏对苗期紫云英伤害程度最大,其次为磷,再次为钾,镁和硫缺乏的影响程度相对较轻。综上所述,矿质养分缺乏均不同程度地抑制紫云英生长和养分积累,生产中应结合实际开展养分管理,以提高绿肥生产利用效益。     

不同铵态氮/硝态氮配比营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响

采用营养液培养的方法,研究了不同铵态氮与硝态氮配比(铵硝比)营养液对烟草主要几种矿质养分的吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,在其它养分形态与浓度一致条件下,随着铵硝比从10∶0变化到0∶10,烟草叶片、茎与全株干物质量均增加,但烟草根系干物质量呈倒抛物线型变化,以铵硝比为5∶5时达到最大值(2.31 g)。烟草全株氮、磷、锌含量以铵硝比为7∶3时达到最大,钾、镁、铜、锰等含量随硝态氮含量的增加而显著增加,钙含量以铵硝比为3∶7达到最大值;全株内氮、磷、钙、锌积累量随硝态氮所占比例的增加而增加,以3:7时达到最大值,钾、镁、铜、锰等积累量随硝态氮所占比例的增加而增加。铵硝比从10∶0变化到7∶3时,烟草叶片氮、磷含量随硝态氮所占比例的增加而增加,其中以铵硝比为7∶3时达到最高,钾、镁、铜、锰含量随硝态氮所占比例的增加而增加;而钙含量达到最大值的铵硝比为3∶7,但锌含量总随硝态氮所占比例的增加而降低。氮、磷、钙、锌等在叶片的积累量以铵硝比为3∶7时达到最大值,而钾、镁、铜、锰等积累量总随铵硝比的减少而增加。     

铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响——Ⅰ.对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等营养元素的影响

用营养液培养方法研究了铁和两种形态氮素(NO3--N和NH4+-N)对玉米植株吸收氮、磷、钾等大量元素和钙、镁等中量元素及其在体内分布的影响。结果表明:与NO3--N相比,供应NH4+-N促进了玉米对氮的吸收,在缺铁条件下,降低了对磷、钾、钙及镁的吸收。铁和NH4+-N都显著提高了玉米植株各器官中氮的含量。与NH4+-N处理相比,NO3--N处理的新叶中磷含量显著增加,但铁的供应对植物体内磷的含量无显著影响。使用NO3--N显著提高了玉米新叶和老叶中钾的含量,根和茎中钾的含量无明显影响。铁的供应降低了新叶和老叶中钾的含量。供铁时,NH4+-N处理的玉米新叶中钙和镁的含量显著低于NO3--N处理,而在缺铁时则无显著差异。     

河北省主栽山药品种矿质养分累积及矿质营养品质差异

  【目的】  比较河北省主栽山药品种的矿质养分累积特性及营养品质的差异,以期为山药生产提质增效制定科学的养分管理措施。  【方法】  田间试验在河北省蠡县进行,供试山药(Dioscorea oppositifolia L.)品种包括棒药、大和白玉、紫药和小白嘴,山药4个品种的施肥量和施肥方法均一致。在成熟期,取样测定了山药地上部、根茎生物量,以及9种矿质元素(氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌)含量和累积量。  【结果】  4个主栽山药品种根茎的鲜生物量表现为大和白玉>棒药>紫药>小白嘴,而干生物量表现为紫药>大和白玉>小白嘴>棒药。大和白玉根茎的氮、钙、镁、锰、铜、锌累积量最高,且钾、钙、镁、锰、铜、锌分配系数最高,紫药根茎的磷、钾累积量最高,且氮分配系数较高,磷分配系数最高,棒药根茎的铁累积量及分配系数均为最高。4个山药品种形成1000 kg产量对大量营养元素的需求量均表现为钾>氮>磷,对中量营养元素的需求量均表现为镁>钙,对微量营养元素的需求量均表现为铁>锌>锰>铜。以《中国食物成分表》(标准版)中山药的9种矿质营养品质指标作为参比,对4个供试山药品种的9个矿质营养品质指标进行主成分分析,提取出特征值大于1的主成分3个,累计贡献率为96.77%。其中,第1主成分贡献率为56.45%,主要受钾、锌的影响;第2主成分的贡献率为29.09%,主要受镁、锰的影响;第3主成分的贡献率仅为11.22%,主要受铁的影响。矿质营养品质综合评价结果为大和白玉最优,其次是棒药,小白嘴和紫药分列第3和第4位,但4个品种矿质营养品质均优于《中国食物成分表》(标准版)中的山药品质。  【结论】  大和白玉为矿质营养品质最优品种,且为高锌品种,棒药为高钙、铁品种,土壤中钾、镁、铁、锰和锌含量是影响山药根茎矿质营养品质差异的主要元素。山药生产中,矿质肥料的施用要考虑土壤中矿质元素含量与不同品种的矿质元素需求,进行科学的养分管理,以进一步提升山药矿质营养品质。     

新疆灰枣园土壤养分与枣果矿质元素关系的多元分析

为了研究新疆灰枣园土壤养分与枣果矿质养分间的复杂关系,制定土壤养分因子的优化方案,从而为新疆枣园的科学施肥与精准化管理提供参考依据和技术指导。对新疆9个灰枣主产县市的20个枣园的枣果矿质元素含量和土壤养分含量进行测定,运用R语言和SIMCA多元统计软件分析并筛选出影响枣果矿质养分的重要土壤养分因子,并利用Lingo软件建立线性规划方程,探明枣果矿质养分最优时土壤养分因子的优化方案。结果表明,研究区的枣园土壤皆为碱性土壤,各样点间土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量具有极显著性差异;各样点间土壤速效钾含量具有显著性差异;各样点间土壤交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、有效锌含量具有极显著性差异;各样点间土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜含量具有显著性差异。枣果矿质营养是土壤养分因子共同作用的结果。偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明,土壤养分影响枣果中的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、硼、铁、锰、锌、铜含量最大的指标分别为土壤速效钾、有效硼、碱解氮、有机质、有效硼、有效铁、有效硼、有效锰、有机质、pH值、有效锌,同一土壤养分指标影响着不同的果实矿质元素含量,且果实一种矿质元素受不同土壤养分影响皆不同,其中土壤有机质和有...     

不同浓度钙营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响

本文采用温室水培的方法,研究了不同的钙素供应水平对烟草各种矿质养分的吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,在其它养分形态与浓度一致条件下,随着钙浓度从75mgL-1提高到900mgL-1,烟草生长量呈抛物线型变化。钙浓度为150mgL-1时烟株干物质量最大。超过150mgL-1,随钙的增加而下降,当钙素达900mgL-1(K/Ca为1/6)时,烟株生长严重受抑。随着供钙水平由低到高,烟株氮、磷、钾、锌、锰含量均呈抛物线型变化,含钙量呈直线上升关系,而镁和铜含量则随钙浓度提高而显著下降。烟株各养分积累量均随营养液钙浓度提高呈抛物线型变化,但不同养分出现最大积累量时的营养液钙浓度却不相同。不同供钙水平上烟叶中各元素含量的变化特征与全株的结果基本一致。在低钙浓度范围(75~300mgL-1),钙对钾有协合关系,增钙促进提钾,大于300mgL-1后有拮抗作用,提钙导致降钾。钙与镁、锌、铜、锰间也存在明显的交互作用。烟叶中各元素含量与积累量的变化趋势与整株基本一致。     

土壤-烤烟矿质营养元素相互关系的主组分分析

对云南五种植烟土壤上烤烟三个品种、六个生育期烟叶中钾、磷、硫、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、硼浓度和烟株根区土壤中ＡＢ／Ｄ联合提取的养分含量及土壤ｐＨ、有机质和碱解氮的测试数据，用主组分分析（ＰＣＡ）方法，讨论土壤─烤烟系统矿质营养元素的相互关系及交互作用。结果显示：①烟叶矿质营养元素浓度随烤烟生育期有规律的变化，受根区土壤化学性质影响的变异大于品种间的差异；②烟叶钾、磷、铜、硼表现明显的稀释效应，钙、镁表现积累效应；③烤烟钾、磷、铜、硼营养存在相互协同作用，钙对钾、磷、铜、硼营养有明显的拮抗作用。④增加土壤有机质，利用钾、磷、铜、硼的协同作用，减轻钙对钾、磷、硼的拮抗是改善烤烟营养，提高烤烟产量品质的关键之一。     

不同浓度镁营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响

采用温室水培的方法,研究了不同的镁素供应水平对烟草主要几种矿质养分的吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,在其它养分形态与浓度一致条件下,随着镁浓度从20mgL-1提高到120mgL-1,烟草生长量呈抛物线型变化,在供镁浓度为40mgL-1时烟株生长及干物质积累量最大。随着营养液中镁浓度由低到高,营养液中镁水平的改变对烟草全株氮含量的影响不明显;烟草全株体内磷、镁含量逐步增加,表现为协同效应;烟草全株中钾含量和锌含量随营养液中镁水平增加而降低,表现为拮抗效应;烟草全株体内钙含量和铜含量的变化趋势分为两个阶段,镁处于低水平时,镁与钙、铜之间表现为拮抗关系,镁处于高水平时,镁与钙、铜之间表现为协同关系。营养液中镁浓度低于40mgL-1时,烟草全株体内氮、磷、钾、钙、锰、镁、锌、铜积累量随着营养液中镁水平的提高逐渐增加,与营养液中镁水平呈正相关关系,营养液中镁浓度高于40mgL-1,烟草全株体内氮、磷、钾、钙、锰、镁、锌、铜积累量迅速下降,表面为负相关关系。烟叶中各元素含量与积累量的变化趋势与整株基本一致。     

Patterns of mineral nutrient fluctuations in soybean leaves in relation to their position

Dry weight accumulation in blades for the trifoliolate leaf as well as the concentration per gram of dry weight and accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were determined during the vegetative and reproductive phases at different leaf positions of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill, var. Halle] grown in the field without fertilization. The leaf blades at each position were sampled three times at seven day intervals. Mature (middle) leaves showed a higher rate of dry weight accumulation particularly during the vegetative stage in comparison to the older (lower) and younger (upper) leaves. These differences increased with the progress of plant growth. The minimization to zero of the rate of dry weight accumulation in blades after the development of pods is differentiated in leaves of different age. The N, P, and K concentration in leaf blades increase and those of Ca and Mg decrease from older (lower) to mature (middle) and younger (upper) leaves. Rates of N and P accumulation at the vegetative stage are greater than the rate of dry weight accumulation. During the reproductive stage, P mobilization and transport to reproductive sinks was observed. Older and mature leaves sustain significant levels of N and P up to the end of the plant life cycle. In the upper leaves, the decline of N and P concentration during the same period is ascribed to dilution and change of the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio due to the late increase of dry weight. Potassium in blades of mature and upper leaves seems to be mobilized to reproductive sinks. This did not seem likely for the lower leaves. High Ca concentration in the blades was attributed to the high level of available Ca in the soil, combined with the prevalence of dry growth conditions during the summer. The rate of Ca accumulation is smaller than the rate of dry weight accumulation during the vegetative stage and greater during the reproductive one. The Mg fluctuations indicate a small influence of reproductive sinks on Mg concentration in the blades. The older leaves have the greatest Ca and Mg concentrations compared to the mature and upper leaves. In lower leaves, indications of faster Mg redistribution are found. Iron, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the blades are higher before flowering, then afterwards in a contrary manner than that for Mn. A decline of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration in blades from the lower to the mature and upper leaves was determined. Iron shows the greatest change with the highest concentration being during the early vegetative stage and a rapid decline shortly afterwards. Older leaves were found to be significant Fe reserves during the vegetative stage, while after pod development, they present an impressive accumulation of Zn and Mn.     

施用氮、磷、钾对密植梨枣生长与叶片养分季节动态的影响

以山地梨枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lizao)为试验材料,采用野外试验与室内分析,研究了黄土丘陵区山地滴灌下施用氮磷钾对矮化密植梨枣叶片8种营养元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn）季节动态变化规律以及施肥对梨枣生长,产量及品质的影响。结果表明:不同生育期梨枣叶片养分含量变化具有一定的规律性。开花坐果期（5月上旬至7月上旬）,叶片N、P、K含量处较高水平,Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn含量处于较低水平。果实膨大期（7月中下旬到8月下旬）,叶片N、P有一个相对稳定的含量,K快速下降,而Fe、Mn、Zn含量上升。果实成熟期（9月初到10月初）,叶片N、P、K含量下降,Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn则是缓慢上升并趋于稳定。叶片N、P、K、Mn含量之间呈正相关,Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量之间也呈正相关关系,叶片N、P、K之间达极显著正相关关系,而N、P、K与Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量之间呈负相关关系。施氮肥可促进前期枣树新枝生长和枣果膨大;施磷肥可提高产量,达到33210 kg/hm2;施钾肥可明显提高枣果品质。     

巨桉人工林叶片养分交互效应

在四川巨桉栽培区设立了60个标准地,采用相关分析和矢量诊断法进行分析,以了解巨桉人工林养分的相互作用关系。结果表明,巨桉人工林叶片的养分交互作用较为复杂。N可促进P、K、Ca、Mn等的吸收,但易受到Fe、Zn、高Ca、高Mg的拮抗,而且高N抑制了Mn的吸收;P可促进K、Mg、Mn等的吸收,但易受Zn、Fe、高Mn、高K、高Ca、高Mg的拮抗,而高浓度的P将抑制K、Zn、Fe等的吸收;K对其他养分元素均没有明显的促进作用,但高浓度K限制P的吸收;Ca、Mg之间可相互促进吸收。同时,低浓度的Ca和Mg有利于Fe、Zn的吸收,高浓度的Ca和Mg将对N、P、Fe、Mn、S、B等养分产生拮抗,限制吸收;S可促进Zn的吸收,但易受高Ca、高Mg拮抗;Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn之间主要以拮抗为主。B相互作用较少,对其他养分几乎没有明显的促进作用。     

Seasonal dynamics of mineral nutrients and carbohydrates by walnut tree leaves

The dry weight accumulation per leaf as well as the concentration per gram of dry weight and the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were determined in walnut tree leaves (Juglans regia L.) during a complete life cycle. Additionally, the dynamics of plant nutrient concentration in leaf petiole sap and carbohydrate accumulation in leaves were studied in relation to the main life cycle events of the walnut tree. Total N, P, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations decreased, whereas that of Ca, Mg, and Mn increased during the season. Iron concentration fluctuated around a mean value. Total N, P, K, Mg, and Cu concentrations detected in younger mature leaves were at the sufficient level, whereas Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were at higher levels as compared to those previously reported. All the detected nutrient accumulations increased abruptly during leaf ontogeny and leaf maturation until a maximum level was attained in the younger mature leaves. Similarly, sucrose, glucose, and fructose accumulation were observed at the same period. The rates of total N, P, Cu, and Zn accumulation were lower than the rates of the observed dry matter accumulation and nutrient concentration dilution. Potassium and Mn accumulation rates were almost equal, whereas those for Ca and Mg were higher as compared to the dry matter accumulation rate. The fast embryo growing phase resulted in a considerable decrease in dry weight, total N, P, K, Cu, Zn, and carbohydrate accumulation, and to a lesser degree in Ca, Mg, and Mn accumulation. Nutrient accumulation reduction in leaves by the influence of the growing fruits were estimated to be: total N 52%, K 48%, P 29.5%, Mg 16.3%, Ca 15%, Fe 51.2%, Cu 55.2%, Zn 37.3%, and Mn 5.4% of the maximum nutrient value of the younger mature leaves. Old leaves preserved nutrients before leaf fall as follows: total N 25.4%, P 45%, K 31%, Ca 74.8%, Mg 76.5%, Mn 89.2%, Fe and Zn 50%, and Cu 37%. Nutrient remobilization from the senescing old leaves before leaf fall were: total N 22.6%, P 25.5%, K 21%, Ca 10.2%, Mg 7%, Fe 3.2%, Mn 5.4%, Cu 8%, and Zn 13.3% of the maximum value in the younger mature leaves. In early spring, the absorption rates of N, P, and Ca were low while those of Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were high. During the fast growing pollen phase, the N, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were reduced. Calcium concentration is supposed to be more affected by the rate of transpiration rather than during the growing of embryo. Calcium and Mg concentrations in the sap were negatively correlated. The detected K concentration level in the sap was as high as 33 to 50 times that of soluble N, 12 to 21 times to that of P, 5 times to that of Ca, and 10 to 20 times to that of Mg. The first maximum of starch accumulation in mature leaves was observed during the slow growing embryo phase and a second one after fruit ripening. Old senescing leaves showed an extensive carbohydrate depletion before leaf fall.     

李营养累积、分布及叶片养分动态研究

基于保障生态和果品安全以及合理实施果园养分管理的前提,对大石早生李树体各部位营养元素积累、分布以及各营养元素的周年变化规律进行了分析.结果表明:①营养元素在各个器官的相对含量,除K、Zn在果实中含量最高外,N、P、Ca、Mg均以叶片中含量为最高,以叶片做营养诊断是适宜的.②大石早生李树体营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的元素比值为10.00:1.26:6.42:12.57:2.46:1.87:0.14.⑧100 kg鲜果的养分吸收量分别为:N 772.47g,P74.25 g,K 730.33g,Ca874.16 g,Mg 169.82 g,Fe 66.05 g,Zn 7.53 g,N:P:K的比例为1.00:0.10:0.95.④N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的含量随物侯期呈规律性变化.生长季初期,N、P、K、Zn、Cu的含量迅速下降,Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg呈逐渐上升的趋势;中期这9种元素总体变化幅度较小;后期Fe,Cu.N、P、K的含量呈下降趋势,Mn、Zn、Ca,Mg依然上升.本结果既丰富了国内李营养理论,同时又为制定合理的施肥措施及建立绿色优质果品科技示范基地提供了理论依据.     

Critical nutrient concentrations and antagonistic and synergistic relationships among the nutrients of NFT‐grown young tomato plants

Critical concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) with respect to dry matter yield end antagonistic and synergistic relationships among these nutrients were studied in which tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was grown in recirculating nutrient solution (NFT). Increments of nutrient elements in the nutrient solution increased the proportional rate of the corresponding nutrient elements. Increasing levels of N negatively correlated with plant P and positively correlated with Ca, Fe, and Zn. Iron and Mn contents of the plants were increased and N, K, Ca, and Mg were decreased as a function of P applied. Increases in K in the nutrient solution caused increases in the concentrations of K, N, P, and Zn, and decreases in the concentration of Ca and Fe. Applied Ca increased the concentrations of Ca and N, and decreased the concentrations of P, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn. Potassium, Ca, and Fe contents of the plants were decreased and Zn increased, while N, P, and Mn were not affected by the increasing levels of external Mg. Iron suppressed the plant Mg, Zn, and Mn contents. Synergism between Zn and Fe was seen, while P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn contents were not affected by Zn levels. Potassium, Ca, Mg, and Fe were not responsive to applied Mn, however, N and P contents of the plants were decreased at the highest levels of Mn.     

脐橙幼苗新老叶片养分含量对大、中量元素短期缺乏的差异性响应

  【目的】  对比大、中量养分短期缺乏下脐橙新、老叶片中11种必需元素含量及变化,并分析缺素导致的营养元素间的相互影响。  【方法】  以一年生枳砧纽荷尔脐橙幼苗为试材进行了砂培试验。以完全营养液为对照 (CK),设置缺氮 (?N)、缺磷 (?P)、缺钾 (?K)、缺钙 (?Ca)和缺镁 (?Mg)处理,测定不同处理脐橙叶片（老叶和新叶）生长指标及矿质元素含量。  【结果】  所有缺素处理均导致叶片叶绿素含量降低,生物量减少,以缺氮处理最为显著。缺氮降低了叶片N、Ca、Cu、Mo含量;缺磷降低了叶片P、K、Mo含量;缺钾降低了叶片K含量;缺钙降低了叶片N、Cu、Zn、Mo含量但增加了P含量;缺镁降低了叶片Ca、Mg、Zn、Mo含量但增加了K含量。以必需矿质元素为变量分别对各处理老叶和新叶进行主成分分析,老叶中第一主成分 (PC1)明显将缺钾处理与其他处理区分开,与对照相比,缺钾老叶离子组成变化为N (?3%)、P (+1%)、K (?71%)、Ca (+11%)、Mg (+39%)、B (+16%)、Mn (+11%)、Fe (+32%)、Cu (?7%)、Zn (+14%)、Mo (?63%);新叶中PC1明显将缺氮处理与其他处理区分开,缺氮新叶离子组成变化为N (?53%)、P (+8%)、K (+7%)、Ca (?14%)、Mg (+11%)、B (+55%)、Mn (+51%)、Fe (?14%)、Cu (?57%)、Zn (+4%)、Mo (?25%)。老叶和新叶中元素含量呈正相关的元素是N-Cu、N-Ca、Mg-Mn和Cu-Mo,呈负相关的是K-Zn。  【结论】  脐橙幼苗老叶对钾的短期缺乏反应最敏感,缺钾会显著降低老叶中K和Mo含量并增加Mg和Fe含量,而新叶对氮素的短期缺乏最敏感,缺氮显著降低新叶中N、Ca、Cu和Mo含量。短期缺少P、Ca和Mg对脐橙幼苗叶片中的养分含量影响较小。     

Characteristics of fertilizer uptake and biodistribution in strawberry plants in two Japanese cultivars in hydroponic culture

ABSTRACT

The fertilizer absorption characteristics of strawberries are not clear, although appropriate fertilization is definitely necessary to ensure produce quality and quantity. This study aimed to determine the amounts of macro- and micronutrients absorbed during cultivation of strawberries and their biodistribution and utilization in the plant body. We cultivated Japanese strawberries ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Kirapika’ in small hydroponic equipment containing a nutrient solution and determined the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, and Mo absorbed during and at the end of cultivation. The results revealed the adsorption levels of these elements during the cultivation period. The nutrient concentrations varied greatly among plant organs. In particular, P and B accumulated at high levels in the leaves and stem, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu accumulated in the crown, and N, Fe, and Mo accumulated in the roots. In addition, the uptake levels of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu differed between Benihoppe and Kirapika. Our results provide useful information for determining fertilizer application rates in strawberry cultivation.     

硒对烤烟生长、化学指标及矿质营养元素含量的影响

为探讨不同浓度的硒(Se)对植物生长、化学指标及矿质营养元素含量的影响,本研究以云烟87为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同硒浓度对烤烟生长、化学指标及烤烟根、茎、叶中矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu累积的影响。结果表明,土壤施硒(亚硒酸钠)4.4 mg·kg-1时,烟叶中烟碱、蛋白和还原糖等含量处于最适范围,根、茎、叶中矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu的含量达到最大值。低硒处理(Se≤4.4 mg·kg-1)显著提高了烤烟各部位对矿质元素的吸收,尤其对N、K、Ca、Mg、Mn的影响最为显著,从而促进了烤烟的生长,烟叶化学成分更加协调;而高硒处理(Se≥11.1 mg·kg-1)则降低了烤烟各部位对矿质元素的吸收,尤其对N、P、K的影响最显著,从而抑制了烤烟的生长。土壤中不同硒浓度通过调控植物对矿质元素的吸收进而影响植物的生长和化学指标,该研究结果为指导富硒烟叶的生产提供了理论依据。