不同氮磷钾比例对西姆比兰生长的影响

研究了无土栽培条件下，不同比例的N／P／K对西姆比兰生长的影响。结果表明，不同N／P／K比例，叶面积的增长不同，以处理N／P／K＝20：2．2：15.8的肥料来处理西姆比兰，其叶面积增长最大。在单位时间内用不同的肥料来处理西姆比兰，其鲜重增加量有很大的差别，其大小顺序为处理4，处理2，处理6，处理3，处理1，处理5，对照，这与鲜重增加百分比的变化趋势相一致。     

杜鹃声声

春节刚过,我就听到杜鹃的叫声了.孟浩然说:春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟.可那时候离桃红柳绿还有些日子,杜鹃们却不耐寂寞地骚动起来了.或者说,它们一年到头都没怎么消停过,就在北风呼啸的冬日里,我也听到过二三声杜鹃的啼声.是地球变暖了,还是现在的生存条件优越了?杜鹃们不必为生计而奔波,为逃命而惊魂,一个个养得膘肥肉壮的,憋胀得早早地往外冒劲儿了.     

Constituents of aromatic plants: carvacrol

Carvacrol is a component of numerous aromatic plants. Up to now, no toxicological data were available. Carvacrol show a weak activity in the mutagenicity studies. Moreover, in the metabolism study, carvacrol has shown to be excreted with urine after 24 h in large quantities or unchanged or as glucoronide and sulphate conjugates. The available data do not allow the assessment of the NOEL. Further toxicological studies are needed.     

Compound farms of southeastern Nigeria:

Compound farms are a homegarden-type of agroforestry system involving the deliberate management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in a multistoried association with agricultural crops and small livestock within the compounds of individual houses. In addition to the advantages of diversified production, risk minimization, improved labour and nutrient use efficiences and soil conservation, compound farms represent germplasm banks containing many of the useful tree/ shrub species currently disappearing due to indiscriminate clearing of fore and woodlands.     

Constituents of aromatic plants: elemicin

No results of short-term or chronic toxicity studies have been found. Elemicin did induce UDS in hepatocytes from male rats. Studies on carcinogenicity were negative, but the 1'-hydroxy-metabolite of elemicin gave positive and negative results. The total intake of elemicin from essential oil seems to be limited. The main source of intake appears to be nutmeg. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the intake of elemicin may represent a health risk.     

Constituents of aromatic plants: eucalyptol

The subacute toxicity studies reported up to now in rats and mice suggested that mice were less susceptible than rats to the toxicity of eucalyptol. In fact, after gavage, it was found toxic in male rats at doses higher than 600 mg/kg while no effect was seen in mice up to 1200 mg/kg. However, the limitations and the quality of the study do not allow the extrapolation of a 'no effect level'. Several reports in rat and brushtail possum show the formation of hydroxylated bicycled products of eucalyptol as main metabolites. Moreover, metabolites which require ring opening have been also detected. Following the accidental exposure of human beings, death was reported in two cases after ingestion of 3.5-5 ml of essential eucalyptus oil, but a number of recoveries have also been described for much higher amounts of oil.     

中国筒天牛属二新种记述(鞘翅目:天牛科:沟胫天牛亚科)

记述沟胫天牛亚科筒天牛属2新种,锥胸筒天牛Oberea conicus sp.nov.和指突筒天牛Oberea fingeriventris sp.nov..新种模式标本分别保存于西南农业大学植保系昆虫标本馆和南开大学生物系昆虫标本室.     

Correction to: Thermal biology of Tuta absoluta: demographic parameters and facultative diapause

Journal of Pest Science - Formula, Equation 2 and the table 3 are published incorrectly in the original publication of the article. The correct version of the article is given below     

马健 守卫生命的使者

“马医生,您查过我们家属病房了吗?”“查过了,没事,放心吧。”“马主任,您看我的病,怎么办呀?”“我怀疑你是白血病,不用着急,一会儿王医生会安排你住进病房。”这是我在解放军总医院第一附属医院(原304医院)血液科病房走廊里看到的一幕。血液科主任马健,中国年轻一代的血液病     

徕卡影像的永恒神话

中国是茶叶的原产地,产茶、喝茶的历史已有千年。但茶虽为国饮,在经营上还存在较大的差距。据有关资料显示,我国所有茶叶品牌一年的经营之和还赶不上英国立顿一个品牌的营业额。这样的现状,让茶叶界的经营者们如鲠在喉,一些人立志要打造中国茶叶的世界品牌,使中国茶叶品牌的知名度要配得上世界茶叶原产地的地位。其中,出身浙江武义的俞学文就是他们中的佼佼者,他倾力打造的更香有机茶品牌正在以神奇的速度成为市场上的宠儿。     

Review of the Eilema group of lichen moths from South Korea,with description of one new species(Lepidoptera:Erebidae:Arctiinae:Lithosiini)

This review details the Korean species of the Eilema group in the subfamily Arctiinae of Erebidae: 19 species in five genera(Manulea, Collita, Katha, Dolgoma,and Wittia), a new species(Collita hwacheonensis Bayarsaikhan Bae, sp. nov.), and an unrecorded species [C.vetusta aegrota(Butler 1877)]. All species are diagnosed,and figures of the adults and genitalia and a key to species based on male genital structure of Eilema group in South Korea are included.     

中国弓脉叶蜂亚科两新属新种(膜翅目:叶蜂亚目:蕨叶蜂科)

记述了中国蕨叶蜂科弓脉叶蜂亚科两新属新种：白肩弧背叶蜂Ｃａｒｉｎｏｓｃｕｔｕｍａｌｂｏｔｅｇｕｌｉｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,刘氏中齿叶蜂Ｐａｒａｈｅｍｉｔａｘｏｎｕｓｌｉｕｉｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

FORESTAR：A decision—support system for multi—objective forest management in Northeast China

Past monoculture forestry in China has contributed to countrywide ecological disasters and economic difficulties in forestry regions. China‘s new forestry programs, Natural Forest Conservation Program and Returning Farmlands to Forests Program, provide opportunities for ecosystem management of mountain forests in China. A decision support system, FORE-STAR, has been developed for better managing and protecting natural forests in Changbai Mountain area. It uses GIS-based forest inventory data at a scale of forestry bureau. The first version contains two sub-modules: forest operation and forest res-toration. Under each sub-module, users can compare several decision options and make optimal choices. It can help field for-esters, forest managers, and policy makers make multi-objective and consistent decisions in planning forest management at hierarchical administrative scales.     

取食危害粉单竹的额垠叶蝉属一新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:角顶叶蝉亚科:额垠叶蝉族)（英文）

记述采自海南省尖峰岭国家级自然保护区、取食危害竹子的额垠叶蝉属( Mukaria Distant)1新种:海南额垠叶蝉( M. hainanensis Yao, Yang & Chen, sp. nov.)。新种与危害慈竹的白斑额垠叶蝉( M. ablinotata Cai & Ge, 1996)相似,但新种的前翅为黄褐色;雄虫尾节侧瓣腹面突起长而波曲,腹面观其端部明显外弯;阳茎基部中央分叉处无突起,亚端部内侧突起粗而直。文中详细描记了新种的外部形态特征,编制了额垠叶蝉属中国种类检索表,绘制了雄性外生殖器特征图,提供了新种的生态照片,以及新种和近缘种白斑额垠叶蝉的整体与局部特征照片。新种模式标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

Estimates of stem wood increments in forest resources: comparison of different approaches in forest inventory: consequences for international reporting: case studyof European forests

Key message

Quality and reliability of forest resource assessments depend on the ability of national forest inventories (NFIs) to supply necessary and high-quality data. Over the last decades and especially since the 1990s, the NFIs in European countries have been rapidly developing. Possibilities for obtaining reliable and accurate data on annual increment from different inventory types were evaluated, and sample-based inventories have been found to be superior to standwise inventories in providing reliable data. Simplified methods may be employed when increment cannot be directly estimated from inventory data.

Context

An increasing intensity of forest resource use requires more accurate, detailed and reliable information, not only on forest area and growing stock but also on forest stand productivity, wood increment and its components.

Aims

The main objectives were to assess the capacities of forest inventories, the methods used for estimation of gross increment and its components and their accuracy and to demonstrate an effective method for estimation of increment when direct inventory methods are not available.

Methods

Data about national forest inventory methods were obtained from 30 responses to a questionnaire, distributed amongst national correspondents of all European countries; reports of COST Actions E43 and FP 1001, databases of Temperate and Boreal Forest Resource Assessment (TBFRA) 2000 and State of Europe’s Forests (SoEF) 2011 were used as well. Analysis and comparison of results from different forest inventories were used for evaluation of data reliability. Relationships between growing stock and gross increment in European forests were also analysed, and corresponding models were proposed.

Results

Seventy-nine percent of European forest area is covered by national forest inventories (NFIs) based on sampling methods and the rest on stand-level inventory and other inventory methods. Data obtained by aggregating standwise data usually underestimate growing stock by 15–20 % and gross increment even more. Almost half of the European forest area (47 %) is monitored using permanent plots, measured twice or more, allowing the estimation of gross increment and its components to be made directly.

Conclusion

Implementation of NFIs based on sampling methods, especially with permanent plots, resulted in an improvement of data quality and in most cases an increase of growing stock and gross increment. The estimation of natural losses is the weakest link in today’s NFIs and in the current assessment of European forest resources. The proposed default values for gross increment and its components is an option to be used in countries not having NFI at all or those which have started it only recently.

     

为害柳树的叶蝉1新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:片角叶蝉亚科)

记述为害柳属Salix的宽突叶蝉亚属Liocratus Dubovsky(半翅目:叶蝉科:片角叶蝉亚科)1新种,柳宽突叶蝉Idiocerus (Liocrtus)salicis sp.nov..描述新种的外部形态特征,绘制主要特征图.新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

Hot Spot: Forest policy in Europe: achievements of the MCPFE and challenges ahead

The Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE) has shaped the pan-European dialogue on forests for 10 years now. At three Ministerial Conferences, approximately 40 European ministers responsible for forests agreed on 12 resolutions for the protection and sustainable management of forests in Europe. Building on the achievements of these last 10 years, the MCPFE is moving towards new challenges. This paper presents these achievements of the MCPFE and provides a look into the future, including the relation of the MCPFE to the global forest debate.     

为害竹子的叶蝉2新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:殃叶蝉亚科)

记述为害竹子的叶蝉2个新种,枝突竹叶蝉(Bambusana brancha sp.rlov.)和雷公山竹叶蝉(B.leigongshana sp.nov.).新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.