叶蜂科两新种记述(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国叶蜂科两新种，吴茱萸蛞蝓叶蜂及山药叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图２幅。     

危害白榆的中国突瓣叶蜂属(膜翅目:叶蜂科)一新种

记述采自中国境内危害白榆的突瓣叶蜂属(膜翅目:叶蜂科)一新种:白榆突瓣叶蜂 Nematus pumila Liu,Li & Wei,sp.nov.。该种幼虫取食白榆的叶片,当虫口密度较大时,可将寄主叶片蚕食殆尽,对寄主产生严重危害。本研究对林业有害生物的鉴定、监测与防治工作奠定了基础。新种与申氏突瓣叶蜂 N.sheni Wei,1999十分相似,二者的主要区别是:新种上唇、前胸背板和翅基片完全黑色;前足胫节、中足胫节基部3/4和后足胫节基部3/5白色;单眼后区宽长比为1.9;前翅无Rs脉;锯腹片15锯刃,锯刃内侧亚基齿明显,外侧亚基齿粗大;1-11节缝具刺毛带,刺毛带最宽处约2/3于锯节宽;锯根0.7倍于锯端;申氏突瓣叶蜂上唇黄白色;前胸背板后缘、翅基片基小部黄褐色;前中足胫节腹侧大部和背侧基部1/4、后足胫节基部1/3黄白色;单眼后区宽长比约等于3;前翅Rs脉痕状;锯腹片23锯刃,内齿亚基齿不明显,外侧亚基齿细小;2-15节缝具刺毛带,刺毛带最宽处约1/3于锯节宽;锯根0.4倍于锯端。采用DNA试剂盒法提取了新种基因组DNA,测序获得COⅠ基因序列,长度为810 bp。另外,从GenBank数据库中下载突瓣叶蜂属、槌缘叶蜂属、厚爪叶蜂属已知种类COⅠ序列10条,与新种序列构成COⅠ序列数据集,分析其碱基组成,结果显示: A+T含量均大于G+C含量,且均高于65%;基于贝叶斯法构建了COⅠ基因系统发育树,树图结果显示:白榆突瓣叶蜂与突瓣叶蜂属内其他6个已知种聚为一支,构成单系群。分子分析结果与形态鉴定结果一致,均支持新种成立。新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

竹子新害虫竹笋绒茎蝇的鉴定(双翅目:茎蝇科)

双翅目(Diptera)的茎蝇科(Psilidae)为无瓣蝇类(Acalyptratae)中的一个小类群,已知百余种分布在世界各地区,但以全北区为主。茎蝇科的幼虫是植食性的,为害多种植物的茎、干、根等,并常造成虫瘿,可能成为农、林、果、蔬及花卉等的潜在害虫,欧洲广布的胡萝卜茎蝇(carrot fly)就是一例。     

Possible functions of the microtrichia on the cuticle of Ulomoides dermestoides(Chevrolat)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Ulomoides dermestoides(Chevrolat)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most notorious pests in northeastern China. We examined microtrichia on the thorax, elytra and abdomen of U. dermestoides using scanning electron microscopy and recorded their conformations(size, shape and insertion method) and distributions(length, width and location). Possible functions of the microtrichia were(1) stridulation: microtrichia on the inner surface of the elytra interacted with microtrichia on the dorsoventral axis of the thorax or on the costal vein of the hind wing;(2) to increase friction: at the major surface on the middle of the abdominal tergum, hind-wings, inner surface of the medial edge of the elytra and the posterior end of the elytra;(3) protection: the microtrichia covering the posterior face of the abdomen conserved water in the body and protected the body from damage; and(4) sensing organ: the special shape of the microtrichia on the nervation near the vannal fold of the hind wing, the anteriometapleuron on the metathorax, and the posterior field of the abdomen could perceive the environment. In conclusion, the size and shape of the microtrichia are tightly related to their functions, which may have evolved with the beetles' lifestyle.     

两种危害松类的新叶蜂(膜翅目, 广腰亚目, 松叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。     

童锤角叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目:锤角叶蜂科)

记述了采自甘肃天水市膜翅目Hymenoptera锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae童锤角叶蜂属Agenocimbex RohWer的一个新种－榆童锤角叶蜂A.elmina sp.nov.。     

The pupal morphology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cameraria ohridella</Emphasis> compared with that of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllonorycter</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

The pupal morphology of the pest species Cameraria ohridella is described and compared with that of the genus Phyllonorycter. The most striking differences are the longer antennal appendages, the absence of a cremaster, the presence of strong lateral thorns on abdominal segments 1–5 and an area without small spines on the same abdominal segments in Cameraria.     

海南省华枝螩属一新种（螩目：异螩科）

我国海南省异科长角枝亚科一新种：锥尾华枝Ｓｉｎｏｐｈａｓｍａｃｏｎｉｃｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本采自尖峰岭。附特征图，并与近似种作了比较。     

Tapinoma melanocephalum, Fabr. (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) in Gebäuden — Beobachtungen zu ihrer Biologie und Bekämpfung

This tropical ant was found 1982 in Halle-Neustadt (kindergarden), 1985 in Rostock (bakery), 1994 in Hamburg (dwelling-house), 1996 in Salzgitter-Lichtenberg (dwelling-house) and since 1994 also observed and controlled in Berlin (dwelling-houses). Important exterior characteristics are: size 1.3–1.5 mm (worker), 2.3–2.5 mm (female and male), petiolus its not scale-like, gaster with 4 from dorsal visible segments. Colour: caput blackbrown to black; gaster is cream to brownyellow (worker), brownish (female), blackbrown to black (male), coloured. Their behaviour distinguished them fromMonomorium pharaonis: they run very quickly and restlessly, “ant roads” are not longer than 6–8 hours existent. Preferred food: lying about food, dead flies and cockroaches, cake, milk, sweets. This species was fed in laboratory with mixture from yolkpowder, biskuitmeal and honey, dead insects. The inquiry of attack-locality results with pig-lever or saturated sugar-solution. Baits-boxes were placed on the attack-locality directly. It was distinctly, that Maxforce-Bait (Hydramethylnon) was visited middling. Baits with a mixture of peanut-fat and boric or of yolkpowder, honey and boric were attractive about a longer time and effective in the control. T. melanocephalum was introduced likely with tropical flowers and fruits, sweets or baking from subtropical-tropical region in dwelling houses.     

中国蕨叶蜂亚科两新属新种(膜翅目:叶蜂亚目:蕨叶蜂科)

报道了中国蕨叶蜂科蕨叶蜂亚科两新属新种：吴氏狭眶叶蜂Linorbita wuae gen.et sp.nov.和黑跗痕缝叶蜂Parapeptamena nigritarsis gen.et sp.nov.