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马占相思根瘤菌结瘤固氮特性的分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
相思属(Acacia)树种是速生的热带、亚热带豆科植物。对现在大面积种植的相思树品种——马占相思的根瘤菌进行分离和筛选,获得菌株若干株,对它们的结瘤固氮特性和对马占相思、大叶相思及厚荚相思生长的影响等进行了初步研究。结果表明。无氮条件下接种马占相思根瘤菌,能显著促进这3个树种的株重、株高和生物量的增长;苗圃接种马占相思根瘤菌。马占相思苗高增加27.6%,地径增加14.8%,植株鲜重增加32.6%,结瘤数增加83.8%。 相似文献
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唐东阶 《广西农业生物科学》1989,(1)
在5个大豆品种[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]上分别接种12个大豆根瘤菌菌株[其中1株快生型(Rhizobium Japonicum)其余11株均为慢生型(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)]和一个土壤上清液样品;接种后28天和48天分别测定各处理的单株结瘤数、单株根瘤鲜重、单株茎叶干重、单株茎叶含氮量以及28天至48天单株茎叶的氮积累量。结果表明,不同根瘤菌菌株对上述5个指标的影响,不论在28天或48天都有差异(P=0.01);而不同大豆品种对上述5个指标的影响,28天时无差异而48天都表现出差异(P=0.01);并且28天和48天的茎叶含氮量有品种×菌株相互作用效应外,而其他指标均没有品种×菌株相互作用效应。参试菌株以22—10、USDA123,Tal377,E84,USDA110固氮效率较高,大豆品种以绥83—495在结瘤、固氮方面表现较优良。 相似文献
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采用菌丝生长速率法测定了球孢白僵菌对多菌灵的敏感性和最低完全抑制浓度(MIC)。结果显示,在供试的球孢白僵菌菌株中,Bb06菌株对多菌灵最敏感,其EC50值为1.0688μg/ml,多菌灵对球孢白僵菌菌丝生长的MIC为9μg/ml。通过菌丝块诱变法和分生孢子诱变法获得球孢白僵菌抗多菌灵突变株,并测定球孢白僵菌不同抗性突变株对多菌灵的抗性水平。结果表明,在抗性突变株中,BC-4菌株的EC50值最大,为258.7711,对多菌灵的抗性水平最高,达到242.11;BC-3菌株的EC50值最小,为18.6311,抗性水平最低。同时对球孢白僵菌抗多菌灵突变株的菌丝生长速率和产孢能力差异的研究表明,Bb06菌株(亲本菌株)的生长速率最大,为1.78mm/d,BC-8菌株的生长速率最小,为1.41mm/d。球孢白僵菌不同抗性突变株的产孢能力均比对照敏感菌株强,但不同菌株间存在一定差异,在抗性突变株中,BC-4菌株的分生孢子产生量最大。 相似文献
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目的接种根瘤菌是提高大豆产量和降低化学氮肥用量的重要技术。不同土壤类型会影响结瘤固氮和根际氮素转化,进而影响大豆根瘤菌的接种效果。然而,目前尚不清楚土壤类型对这些过程的作用机制。方法本研究在中国大豆主产区淮河流域选择两种主要土壤类型—黄褐土和砂姜黑土,比较两种土壤类型中接种和不接种根瘤菌处理下,大豆植株氮积累、结瘤固氮能力、根际自生固氮能力、硝化和反硝化能力以及相关微生物氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)、亚硝酸盐还原酶基因(narG )和固氮酶基因(nifH )群落组成的差异。结果在两种土壤中接种根瘤菌均显著影响大豆结瘤固氮、根际自生固氮、硝化和反硝化过程及相关微生物群落组成。在黄褐土中,与对照相比,接种根瘤菌会显著提高植株氮素积累量,植株氮素积累量在初花期(R1)和花荚期(R4)分别提高33.6%和24.9%;结构方程模型结果表明,植株氮素积累量的增加与根瘤数量增加、根瘤固氮能力的提高以及AOA和AOB丰度降低导致的硝化潜力下降有关。在砂姜黑土中,与对照相比,接种根瘤菌导致大豆植株的氮素积累量在R1和R4期分别显著降低了21.7%和20.7%;结构方程模型显示,植株氮素积累量的降低与根瘤内生固氮菌结构的改变、根瘤固氮能力降低以及硝化潜力增强有关。在两种类型土壤中,植株氮素积累与大豆结瘤固氮能力和根际硝化过程显著相关。结论不同类型土壤中根瘤菌接种效果的差异与根瘤内生固氮菌群落结构和根瘤数量以及根际硝化过程强度改变有关,对这些过程的调节是克服差异化土壤类型对接种根瘤菌效果限制的关键。 相似文献
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对安徽省北部分离的27株快生大豆根瘤菌和38株慢生大豆根瘤菌的血清学分析及田间自然结瘤的血清学调查表明:005血清型系安徽北部夏大豆产区占据优势的血清型,18组样品和再现频率为100%;36株分离物中26株属005血清型,占总分离物的72.5%。2048血清型出现频率为83.3%;在3组样品中占瘤率达41-51。6%。217血清型占瘤率普遍低于16%。讨论了自然结瘤调查中采样地点,大豆品种和土壤类 相似文献
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用来自不同产地的鸡骨草根瘤菌接种盆栽幼苗,室内培养70 d后,测定植株生长和结瘤情况及植株含氮量。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对鸡骨草的株高、植株生物量、氮素相对积累量和固氮效率有明显的促进作用;不同来源的根瘤菌对鸡骨草生长和固氮的影响不同,来自玉林的根瘤菌菌株有较高的固氮效率。接种根瘤菌能促进鸡骨草生长,增加氮素累积,从而可以减少氮肥的使用,有利于充分发挥生物固氮的作用来提高原料药材的质量。 相似文献
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研究了在缺氮条件下,CO2倍增对大豆(GtycinemaxL.)Bragg及其等基因突变体超结瘤大豆nts382和不结瘤大豆Nod49生长和固氮的影响。结果表明在缺氮条件下CO2倍增明显提高大生物量和根系结涵量,但对固氮酶活性的影响则随幼苗的生长而异。播种后25天取样结果显示CO2倍增条件下,Bragg和nts382的固氮比活性和单株固氮活性都显著提高,而其后3天取样的结果没有表现出增加趋势,固氮比活性在nts382反而明显降低。两种CO2浓度条件下,nts382单株固氮活性高于Bragg,但固氮比活性低于后者。两次测定结果的差异说明植物对CO2倍增的反应具有很强的时效性;同时表明,CO2倍增对植物生长和固氮的促进作用不能长期维持。这可能与生物固氮过程本身的复杂性有关。根据本研究结果推测,在未来全球环境变化、CO2倍增条件下,共生固氮植物可能在生态系统氮素平衡中起到更为重要的作用;并有可能通过育种技术改良固氮农作物,提高农作物产量。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is relatively poor in dinitrogen (N2) fixation, so selecting compatible host cultivar and Rhizobium strain combinations may offer an improvement. The effectiveness of six rhizobial strains was evaluated using five bean cultivars of bean (three pinto and two black bean) in a growth-room experiment. We subsequently selected the three best strains to assess whether multi-strain inoculation had advantages over single-strain inoculation in growth-room and field experiments. In the first-growth-room experiment, Rhizobium strains UMR 1899, RCR 3618, and USDA 2676 were selected for high nodulation, plant dry weight, shoot nitrogen (N), and N2 fixation. In a second growth-room experiment, the individual strains and a mixture of the three strains generally did not differ in the parameters evaluated. Total shoot N accumulated ranged from 172.9 to 162.8 mg plant?1, of which 32.1% to 33.6% (equivalent to 54.0 to 59.2 mg plant? 1) was fixed. In field experiments, plant biomass and seed N2 fixed did not differ among the inoculants at any site. These results suggest that the three strains were equally effective and that the multi-strain inoculant offered no consistent advantage over the single-strain inoculants. 相似文献
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Silicon (Si) is not considered as an essential element for plant growth and development but application of Si improved plant growth. In this study, the effect of various concentrations of Si as sodium metasilicate (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 µg g–1) on nodule growth and mineral nutrition of Rhizobium sp. U 15–inoculated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) plants grown in pots was studied. Lower additions of Si (50–100 µg g–1) significantly increased nodule growth (nodule number, nodule fresh weight and dry weight), relative yield of root and shoot, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations. Plant Si concentrations increased with an increase in soil‐applied Si. Nodule growth negatively correlated with higher applied concentrations of Si (200–800 µg g–1). The results indicate that Si at low concentrations is beneficial for nodule growth. 相似文献
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Kazem Poustini Fazli Mabood Donald L. Smith 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):293-298
Abstract Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has recently been shown to act as a plant-to-bacteria signal. We tested the hypothesis that pre-induction of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells with genistein and/or MeJA would at least partially overcome the negative effects of low root zone temperature (RZT) on bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Otebo bean plants were grown at constant air temperature (25oC) and two RZT regimes (25 and 17oC) and inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli pre-induced with MeJA and/or genistein. Our results indicate that low RZT inhibited nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. The plants growing at low RZT began fixing nitrogen seven days later compared to those at higher RZT. The low RZT plants had fewer nodules, lower nodule weight, less N fixation, slower plant growth, fewer leaves, smaller leaf area, and less dry matter accumulation comared to plants at a higher RZT. Rhzobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells induced with genistein and/or MeJA enhanced bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs. The results of this study indicate that MeJA improves bean nitrogen fixation and growth at both optimum and suboptimum RZTs, and can be used alone or in combination with genistein to partially overcome the low RZT induced inhibitory effects on nodulation and nitrogen fixation. 相似文献
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The present work investigates the impact of phosphorus (P) starvation on plant growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and internal P status (determined as extracted P fractions) of leaves, roots, and nodules of 27-days–old pea (Pisum sativum L) plants inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae strain D293. The procedure of separation of organic and inorganic P compounds in 10% perchloric acid (HCLO4) and the absorption of nucleotides in active charcoal gave several fractions, containing different phosphorus compounds, which were extracted and determined as inorganic phosphate after combustion. These are acid soluble and insoluble P, sugar P, nucleotide P, and inorganic P. The P starvation of plants inhibited significantly plant dry mass accumulation, nodulation rate and specific nitrogenase activity of nodules. These results were accompanied with lower quantities of total P per plant, acid soluble and acid non-soluble P fractions in all plant organs. The inhibited accumulation of P in the acid soluble P fraction was associated with decrease of sugar, nucleotide and inorganic P in all plant organs. The most negatively affected were all P fractions extracted from nodules and leaves. The low content of inorganic P in the stressed plant tissues was regarded as primary reason for induced alterations in the content of analyzed P fractions. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1097-1109
To study the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) on yield and nodulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ILC 482, a spilt-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2008 at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh, Ardabili. Experimental factors were inorganic N fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha?1) in the main plots that applied in the urea form, and two levels of inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (with and without inoculation) as subplots. Nitrogen application and Rh. inoculation continued to have positive effects on yield and its attributes. The greatest plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled and unfilled pods per plant, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and biological yield were obtained from the greatest level of N fertilizer (100 kg urea ha?1) and Rh. inoculation. Application of 75 and 100 kg ha?1 urea showed no significant difference in these traits. Furthermore, the greatest rate of N usage (100 kg urea ha?1) adversely inhibited nodulation of chickpea. Number and dry weight of nodules per plant decreased significantly with increasing N application rate. The lowest values of these traits recorded in application of 100 kg ha?1 urea. Results indicated that application of suitable amounts of N fertilizer (i.e., between 50 and 75 kg urea ha?1) as starter can be beneficial to improve nodulation, growth, and final yield of inoculated chickpea plants. 相似文献
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通过盆栽模拟试验,探讨不同供磷水平对玉米-大豆间作作物生物量、根瘤生长与固氮特性以及植株氮素吸收量的影响,并初步分析间作植株氮素吸收与生物固氮之间的关系。结果表明:不同磷水平下,玉米-大豆间作具有显著的氮吸收优势,氮吸收当量比(LERN)介于1.25~1.41之间。与单作相比,在3个磷水平上间作玉米的平均氮素吸收量在小喇叭口期、大喇叭口期和孕穗期分别提高30.95%、30.50%和25.59%;间作大豆的平均氮素吸收量在分枝期、开花期和结荚期分别提高42.18%、32.25%和32.01%。与常规施磷水平下的单作处理相比,玉米-大豆间作条件下,磷肥减少50%并未降低玉米和大豆植株的氮素吸收量。在3个生育期,间作及施磷均显著提高了大豆根瘤数、根瘤重以及根瘤固氮酶活性,且磷肥减少50%供应时并不影响间作大豆根瘤的生长与固氮。本试验条件下,玉米-大豆间作具有氮磷养分协同高效的优势,可以减少磷肥施用。 相似文献
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The efficiency of symbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation in Vicia faba L. in combination with 3 different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains was studied in a pot experiment during vegetative and reproductive growth. The objective of the experiments was to assess variability among Rhizobium strains inoculated on single legume species and determine possible reasons for observed variations. Dry matter formation, N2 fixation and the carbon (C) costs of N2 fixation were determined in comparison with nodule free plants grown with urea. Nodule number and the capacity of different respiratory chains in the nodules were also measured. The plants inoculated with the Rhizobium strain A 37 formed less dry matter and fixed less N compared to the other two Rhizobium strains (Vic 1 and A 150). This coincided with a lower number of nodules and higher C costs of N2 fixation. The C costs for N2 fixation were in all cases significantly lower during reproductive growth compared to vegetative growth. Neither the latter nor the differences in C expenditure for N2 fixation between the Rhizobium strains could be explained in terms of differences or shifts in the capacity of different respiratory chains in the nodules. 相似文献
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Aung Zaw Htwe Seinn Moh Moh Kyi Moe Takeo Yamakawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):222-229
ABSTRACT Co-inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with plant growth-promoting bacteria has become more popular than single inoculation of rhizobia or plant-growth-promoting bacteria because of the synergy of these bacteria in increasing soybean yield and nitrogen fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 co-inoculation on plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake, and seed yield of the ‘Yezin-6’ soybean cultivar. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay and ureide methods. Uptake of major nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] was also measured. This study showed that single inoculation of SAY3-7 significantly increased shoot biomass; nodulation; Relative Ureide Index (RUI %), percent nitrogen derived from N fixation (% Ndfa); N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptakes; during the later growth stages (R3.5 and R5.5), compared with control. These observations indicate that SAY3-7 is an effective N-fixing bacterium for the plant growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation with an ability to compete with native bradyrhizobia. Co-inoculation of SAY3-7 and P4 significantly improved nodule number; nodule dry weight; shoot and root biomass; N fixation; N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake; at various growth stages and seed yield in ‘Yezin-6’ soybean cultivar compared with the control, but not the single inoculation treatments. Significant differences in plant growth, nodulation, N fixation, nutrient uptake, and yield between co-inoculation and control, not between single inoculation and control, suggest that there is a synergetic effect due to co-inoculation of SAY3-7 and P4. Therefore, we conclude that Myanmar Bradyrhizobium strain SAY3-7 and P4 will be useful as effective inoculants in biofertilizer production in the future. 相似文献
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The selection of effective rhizobia for higher efficiency nitrogen fixation is one of the most important steps for inoculant production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to select the most effective type A and type B strains for specific Rj-gene harboring soybean varieties and to test the symbiotic effectiveness of selected strains on different Rj-gene harboring soybean varieties. Screening experiments using the specific soybean varieties were done with a completely randomized design and three replications in this study. Evaluation of the effective Myanmar Bradyrhizobium strains for plant growth, nodulation and N2 fixation were studied in pot experiments using sterilized vermiculite in the Phytotron (controlled-environmental condition). Then, a pot experiment was conducted using Futsukaichi soil in the screen house (natural environmental condition). The N2 fixation ability of soybean was evaluated by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and the relative ureide index method. In the first screening experiment, type A and type B strains with higher nitrogen fixation and proper nodulation on their respective soybean cultivars were selected for the next screening. In the second screening, Bradyrhizobium elkanii AHY3-1 (type A), Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 (type A), B. elkanii BLY3-8 (type B) and B. japonicum SAY3-10 (type B) isolates, which showed higher nitrogen fixation and nodulation in Yezin-3 (Rj4) and Yezin-6 (non-Rj), were selected for the next experiment. In the third screening experiment, SAY3-7 and BLY3-8, which had higher nitrogen fixing potential and proper nodulation, were selected as effective isolates. These two isolates were compatible with non-Rj and Rj4 soybean varieties for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Based on the results of the screening experiment, these two strains were tested for their symbiotic efficacy in Futsukaichi soil. This study shows that inoculation treatment of SAY3-7 and BLY3-8 significantly increased plant growth, nodulation, and N2 fixation at the V6, R3.5 and R8 stages in Yezin-3 (Rj4) and/or Yezin-6 (non-Rj), and the seed yield at R8 stage, in Yezin-3 (Rj4) and Yezin-6 (non-Rj) soybean varieties compared with the control treatment. It can be concluded that SAY3-7 and BLY3-8 are suitable for inoculant production because of their higher nitrogen fixation ability, proper nodulation and better productivity of Myanmar soybean cultivars. 相似文献